social
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ทําความเขาใจกับวิชา
• ความคาดหวังตอวิชา• แนวทางการเรียนการสอน• ตํารา/หนังสืออางอิง• แนวทางการประเมินผล
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แนวทางการเรียนการสอน
• Theme-based, practical, real situations• เนนการมีสวนรวม แบงกลุมอภปิรายในบางเวลา• ผูสอนมหีนาที่จดุประเด็น• ศึกษาคนควาดวยตนเอง ตามรายละเอยีดในเอกสาร
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เอกสารประกอบการเรียน
• Website• หนังสือตําราตางประเทศ• เอกสารจากหนวยงานภาคราชการที่เกี่ยวของ: กระทรวงเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศแหงชาต,ิ ศนูยเทคโนโลยอีิเลก็ทรอนกิสและคอมพิวเตอรแหงชาต ิ
• ขาวสารประจาํวนั
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คะแนนเก็บ
งานกลุมw เลือกหัวขอจากที่กําหนด หรือเสนอหัวขอใหม (ตองไดรับการ
อนุมัติจากอาจารยประจําวิชากอน)w จัดทํารายงาน ความยาวประมาณ 20-30 หนา ของกระดาษ A4w สงรายงานในวันสอบ
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เทคโนโลยีกับสังคม
- ความสัมพันธระหวางเทคโนโลยีกับสังคม- การแพรกระจายและการยอมรับนวัตกรรม
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แนวคิดเก่ียวกับความสัมพันธระหวางเทคโนโลยีและสังคม
เทคโนโลยี สังคม
Technological Determinism
Social Shaping of TechnologySocial Determinism
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Technological Determinism
• Technology = autonomous force that change society
• Technology is either a primary causal factor, the single most influential determinant, one-way street
• Single innovation directly cause social change • Suspension of ethical judgment or social control.
Tech becomes “end itself rather than a means to an end.
• Technology is neutral or value-free, what counts is not technology but the way we use tech.
• The “scientist/technologist” knows best
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What about unintended consequences of technology?
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Social Shaping of Technology
• Society = autonomous force that change technology
• Technology = partially response of society to solve problems = so member of society should have at least some control over the application
• Technology and development – not linear process • Emphasis shifted away from single invention to tech
development (systems) occurs through time, subject to a host of forces
• Technology choice!
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Demand Pull vs. Supply Push Debate on Innovation
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นวตกรรม: Innovation
1) Incremental Innovations – continuous– small scale improvements - certain activity, industry,
service– not always result from R&D programs
2) Radical Innovations– discontinuous events– deliberate R&D activity – product, process, organizational innovations– but relatively small and localized impacts
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นวตกรรม: Innovation
3) Changes of “Technology System”– Changes in technology -->affect economic sectors --> rise
to entirely new sectors– combination of incremental and radical innovations plus
organizational innovation in more than a few firms
4) Techno-Economic Paradigm – technological change --> changes in behaviour of the entire
economy– Kondratieff cycles: successive waves of technical change
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InformationRenovation
InformationSociety
AgriculturalSociety
IndustrialSociety
IndustryRevolution
Analog Electronics Digital Electronics
1814
Steam Engine1s
t Wav
e
1873
Telephone
2nd
Wav
e
1920
TV
3rd
Wav
e
1973
Computer
4th
Wav
e
2010-20xx
5th
Wav
e
Kondratieff Cycle (50years cycle hypothesis)Kondratieff Cycle (50years cycle hypothesis)
Source: Dr.Park(ETRI)
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Technology Diffusion/Adoption
• innovators - venturesome, educated, multiple info sources, greater propensity to take risk
• early adopters - social leaders, popular, educated
• early majority - deliberate, many informal social contacts
• late majority - skeptical, traditional, lower socio-economic status
• laggards - neighbours and friends are main info sources, fear of debt
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Five stages Model for Diffusion (Rogers)
• Knowledge - learning about the existence and function of the innovation
• Persuasion - becoming convinced of the value of the innovation
• Decision - committing to the adoption of the innovation
• Implementation - putting it to use • Confirmation - the ultimate acceptance (or
rejection) of the innovation
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DebateRevolution หรือ Evolution?
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เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศและการส่ือสาร
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Information
Communication
Technology
Infrastructure
???
คํานิยาม
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คอมพิวเตอร: Moore’s Lawคอมพิวเตอร: Moore’s Law
uCapacity of semiconductor chips doubles every 18-24 months.
Number of transistors on a chip:
1971: 2 300 (Intel 4004)
2000: 42 000 000 (Pentium IV)
Figure 1.7: The Moore's law: Developmentfrom the 4004 to the Pentium 4 processor
1 000
10 000
100 000
1 000 000
10 000 000
100 000 000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Num
ber o
f tra
nsis
tors
4004
8080
8086
8028
386DX
486DX
Pentium Pro
Pentium III
Source: Intel Museum.
Pentium IV
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คอมพิวเตอร: mobility
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ซอฟตแวร: ความหลากหลาย (Diversity)
• Developers– บริษัท Software, บริษัทฮารดแวร, บริษัทผูใช
• ประเภทของ Software– System, Application Tool, Application– Generic Software vs Specific Software
• Hardware Platform• Mode of Delivery: Package, Custom• Market: Domestic vs Export, Industrial Segment
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ซอฟตแวร
• รูปแบบธุรกิจที่เปลี่ยนแปลง• “Intellectual Property Right”
– Digital products– Copyright vs Patent
• Open source
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Broadcasting Technologies
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โทรคมนาคม
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ทําไมตองสนใจอินเทอรเน็ต:Speed (Reaching the 50 million mark)
05
10152025303540
Radio PC TV Internet
Years
Years to reach 50 million mark
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ทําไมตองสนใจอินเทอรเน็ต:Diversified Applications
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Broadband
• ความสามารถในการรับสงขอมลู เสียง และภาพดวยความเร็วสูง – ITU: สูงกวาความเร็วในการรับสงขอมูลแบบ ISDN – ควรเปน moving targets
• Always on• Killer applications?
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Shortened Technology Life Cycle
Convergence between Technologies
Ambiguous Industry Boundaries
Ubiquitous Society
แนวโนมการพัฒนาเทคโนโลยี
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การหลอมรวมกันของเทคโนโลยี
Appliance
TV
Broadcasting
Electronic Games and Embedded Systems
PC
Computers
Mobile and Wireless
Telecommunications
Broadband and cable servicesConnected to
networks
Cable changes to wireless
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Convergence: IPTV
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Convergence: VoIP
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Convergence: ipod
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Change in Computing Environment
Source : Restructured from Min-gyu Park(2003), “Ubiquitous Computing International Symposium”
Main frame 1980s
PC & the Internet1990s
Ubiquitous IT21st Century
IBM
Scientific/EngineeringScientific/EngineeringCalculationCalculation OA (Word Processing etc) OA (Word Processing etc) Intelligent ServicesIntelligent Services
& entertainment& entertainment
NetworkNetworkWide spread use of InternetWide spread use of Internet
WirelessWireless
BuildingBuilding--sizesizeMainframeMainframe BoxBox--sizesize
Personal ComputerPersonal Computer
PalmPalm--sizesizePortablePortableDevicesDevices
DisappearingDisappearingDevicesDevices
BroadbandBroadband
Ubiquitous Computing
Ubiquitous Ubiquitous ComputingComputing
• many persons, one computer • one person, one computer • one person, many computers
Deluge of Deluge of BandwidthBandwidth
ContextContextawarenessawareness
Reduction Reduction of Sizeof Size
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Ubiquitous Network Society
• Ubiquitous Networks: Networks That AnyoneCan Use Any Time From Anywhere and from Any Appliance
• Advances in broadband, mobile services, digital broadcasting, and information terminals has led and will lead to the development of ubiquitous networks
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What will ICT bring?
http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_02/ict/u-japan_en/j_r-menu_u.html
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Social Implications of ICT: What will we learn?
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