SOAP AND DETERGENT

I. Introduction

Soaps and detergents are essential part of our daily lives. They are used for their cleaning purposes. Although they share some similarities especially their uses, they have differences in their properties.

II. Objectives

The experiment aims to1. Determine the difference of soap from detergent.2. Differentiate biodegradable from non-biodegradable detergent.3. Determine the effects of the chemical components of detergents to the environment.

III. Materials/ChemicalsMaterials Soap Detergent Beaker Graduated cylinder Weighing scale

Chemical(CaCl2 ) Calcium Chloride

IV. Procedure

The materials needed were all gathered and prepared. In a beaker, 100 mL of 1% soap solution was prepared. To prepare the solution, 1 gram of grated soap was measured and added to 100 mL of distilled water. Using the same procedure, 100 mL of 1% detergent solution was prepared. Then, a small amount of CaCl2 was added to both solutions. The solutions were mixed thoroughly. The reaction was observed and results were recorded.

V. Results/ObservationAfter adding CaCl2 and mixing the solution, quick formation of bubbles occurred. After a while, the detergent solution appeared white and almost cloudy. The soap solution also had a cloudy apearance and white clumps were seen floating throughout the solution.

Questions:1. What is the difference between soap and detergent?Soap is made from natural ingredients while detergents come from synthetic materials. 2. Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable detergentBiodegradable detergents contain ingredients which are organic or natural whilenon-biodegradable detergents come from synthetic ingredients.

3. Effect on the environmenta. SurfactantSurfactants are routinely deposited in numerous ways on land and into water systems,whether as part of an intended process or as industrial and household waste. Some of them are known to be toxic to animals, ecosystems, and humans, and can increase the diffusion of other environmental contaminants.

b. PhosphatesThe increasing phosphorus concentrations in surface waters raise the growth of phosphate-dependent organisms, such as algae and duckweed. These organisms use great amounts of oxygen and prevent sunlight from entering the water. This makes the water fairly unlivable for other organisms.

c. EnzymesEnzymes can cause respiratory allergy if they are inhaled or due to prolonged exposure.

d. FragrancesFragrances are volatile compounds and are constantly released into the air. The widespread use and vast number of fragranced products cause extensive indoor and outdoor pollution.