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Page 1: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?
Page 2: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?
Page 3: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up

But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

Page 4: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

We Shall Start the Process of Transcribing the DNA (Genetic Blue Print)

1. Open up and Read the DNA strand

2. Make a copy of the DNA sequence in RNA that we will call Messenger RNA (mRNA)

3. Send the copy out of the Nucleus to be read off of, so that proteins can be made

Page 5: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?
Page 6: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

Let’s make a Template People! We need to copy DNA, but only copy it – how about a messenger version called mRNA

Page 7: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

mRNA Leaving Nucleus

This is the end of Transcription – the creation of mRNA!

Page 8: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

When mRNA meets tRNA, the message is written, or TRANSLATED! The result is amino acid linking into protein!

Note how the tRNA to the left leaves and donates the amino acid to the neighbor on the right

Page 9: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

On mRNA, there are words, composed of 3 letters

3 Letters = 1 Word (a CODON)

Each word = an AMINO ACID

DNA Sentences are Wonderful – okay, I’m lying,

but they’re on the test

Page 10: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

Alanine

Valine

Cysteine

Arginine

Glycine

Proline

Amino AcidGCA

GUA

UGU

AGA

GGA

CCA

CODON

STOP construction!UGA

Page 11: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

The Ribosome (the Hamburger)

tRNA (the Amino Acid delivery man)

• The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis, one amino acid at a time.

• tRNA is the evil little delivery system, which happens to be made of RNA

Page 12: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

mRNA copied off a DNA strand pops out of the nucleus!

tRNA delivering the Amino Acid to the matching mRNA destination

Amino Acid chain growing

Page 13: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

And this happens very quickly all at once...And this happens very quickly all at once...

mRNA

Amino Acids to protein

Page 14: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?
Page 15: So proteins are determined by the chain of amino acids that make them up But how do our protein makers know which amino acids to add?

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