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© STM Journals 2021. All Rights Reserved 28

ISSN: 2395-6682

Volume 8, Issue 2, 2021

DOI (Journal): 10.37591/RRJoASYN

STM JOURNALS

Research & Reviews: A Journal of

Ayurvedic Science, Yoga & Naturopathy

http://medicaljournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoASYN/index

Research RRJOASYN

Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Study of-

Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.)

Sarojini Devidas Byadigi1,*, Subrahmanya Padyana2

Abstract

Objective: To carry out pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on each part of Adhahapushpi

(Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.) belonging to the family Boraginaceae. Methods: The root, leaf,

stem, flower and fruits of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.) were assessed for

pharmacognostical studies such as macroscopic, microscopy, powder study, and quantitative

microscopy. The powder was assessed for proximate analysis like ash value, extracting value,

moisture content, elemental analysis, and preliminary phytochemical studies. Results: The study

showed microscopic and phytochemical properties which will help in identification and

standardisation of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.). Conclusion: The study

discloses precise identifying characteristics for the crude drug which will be of substantial use in

identification and prevention of adulteration of the raw drug and can help as a reference for any

further investigations.

Keywords: Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br., Boraginaceae, Adhahapushpi, pharmacognostical,

phytochemical

INTRODUCTION

Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br. belonging to the family, Boraginaceae, is an annual erect, much

branched very hispid herb [1]. It is distributed throughout the greater part of India, in the plains,

Baluchisthan, Ceylon, Afghanistan, Persia, and Mauritius. The therapeutic uses of the drug are: it is

held in repute in snake bites, also considered diuretic. In the Deccan, the plant is used as an emollient

poultice. In Chota Nagpur, the root pounded and made into a paste is applied to reduce swellings,

particularly of joints. In Chattisagarh state, tribal people are using Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.

for the treatment of breast cancer [2]. Research works on its anticancer activity have been carried out

against human breast cancer, cervical cancer and laryngeal epithelial cell lines [3]. However it is not

included in Ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India, so the study is aimed to conduct pharmacognostic and

preliminary phytochemical study of each part of

the drug.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

First step in standardisation is identification of

drug by organoleptic microscopic methods,

macroscopic methods, physical methods, and

chemical methods [4]. Microscopic, macroscopic,

and physical methods will help in identification of

the drug. By chemical methods, we can identify

and isolate bioactive compounds. So, the study is

divided into three parts viz.:

1. Organoleptic microscopic methods,

macroscopic methods.

*Author for Correspondence

Sarojini Devidas Byadigi

E-mail: [email protected]

1Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, Alva’s Ayurvedic Medical College, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India 2Professor, Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, Alva’s

Ayurvedic Medical College, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India

Received Date: March 05, 2021

Accepted Date: May 13, 2021 Published Date: June 19, 2021

Citation: Sarojini Devidas Byadigi, Subrahmanya Padyana. Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Study of-

Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.). Research

& Reviews: A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga & Naturopathy. 2021; 8(2): 28–44p.

Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Study of Adhahapushpi Byadigi and Padyana


2. Physical methods

3. Chemical methods.

Organoleptic Microscopic Methods, Macroscopic Methods

Authentication, Collection and Preparation of Plant Material

Fresh and fully grown plants of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br. were collected from the Western

Ghat area of Khanapur in the month of October–November. The plant was authenticated by Dr.

Harsha Hegade, scientist RCMR, Belagavi and voucher specimen PHD/SDB/AAMC-11 was

deposited to the Department of Dravyagunavignana, Alvas Ayurvedic Medical College, Moodbidri.

After authentication of plant, the plant was studied for macroscopy and microscopy of leaf, stem,

flower, fruit and root. Then the plant was dried under shade. The material was powdered separately

and stored in airtight containers and used for further studies.

Macroscopic/Organoleptic Characters

Organoleptic characters were assessed through sense organs. Organoleptic characters such as shape,

size, colour, odour, taste and fracture of stem bark, leaf structure like margin, apex, base surface,

venation and inflorescence, etc. were evaluated.

Microscopical Determination

For the preparation of transverse section of each part of plant, i.e. root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit:

With the help of pith, thin transverse section of each part was taken with sharp razor and washed in

water followed by staining in safronin stain for 2–3 min. Then the sections were washed in water to

remove extra staining and the sections were put on clean glass slide. A drop of glycerine solution was

put and mounted the slide under the microscope in 10x and 45x objective lens. The presence/absence

of epidermal cells, covering trichomes, xylem, phloem, stomata and collenchyma were observed [5].

Powder Characteristics

For powder preparation of leaves, stems, fruit and root of Trichodesma indicum were dried under

shade. They were powdered by grinding and passed through the sieve number 60. Finally, the coarse

powders were subjected for microscopical examination. Slides were prepared same as mentioned in

above method [6].

Quantitative Microscopy

Quantitative microscopy including stomatal number, stomatal index, palisade ratio, vein-islet

number, and veinlet termination number was also determined using prescribed methods [7].

Proximate Analysis

Proximate analysis of powders of leaves and stems, fruit and root of Trichodesma indicum was

carried out using methods prescribed in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India by subjecting them to

various determinations like: Water soluble extractive value, Alcohol soluble extractive value [8],

Methanol soluble extractive value [9], Chloroform soluble extractive value [10], Toluene soluble

extractive value [11], Total Ash [12], Acid insoluble ash [13], Water soluble ash [14], Moisture

content [15], and Swelling Index [16].

Preliminary Phytochemical Studies [17]

The drug powder is extracted with water, ethanol, methanol, chloroform and toluene by using cold

maceration method. The extractives were dried by evaporation of solvent under reduced pressure by

rotary evaporator. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out according to standard

procedures explained in Ayurveda Pharmacopeia of India and recorded.

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga & Naturopathy

Volume 8, Issue 2

ISSN: 2395-6682


Preliminary Phytochemical Screening

The preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanol and water, methanol, chloroform and

toluene (cold) extracts of powder of root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma

Indicum Linn. R. Br.) were carried out using standard laboratory procedures, to detect the presence of

different secondary metabolites (phytochemical constituents) such as carbohydrates, reducing sugars,

monosaccharaides, pentose, hexose, non-reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids, fats and oils, steroids,

flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins.

Chromatography [18]

• Stationary phase: TLC plate coated with 0.25 mm layer of silica gel 60F254 with fluorescent

indicator was used (Each plate dimension is 10 cm long and 2 cm width).

• Activation of pre-coated silica gel 60F254: Plates were dried in hot oven at 105°C for 1½ h.

• Solvent system: Toluene:Ethylacetate (7:3).

Procedure

Apply 10 µl each extract of Adhahapushpi, Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br. On a TLC plate as

bands of 10 mm develop the plate to a distance of 8 cm from the line of application. Dry the plate in

air and spray with solution of Vanillin sulphuric acid reagent. Heat the plate at 110°C for about 5 min

or till the bands are clearly visible.

RESULTS

Organoleptic Characters

Leaf of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.

Figure 1 shows the macroscopy of leaf, stem, root, flower, fruit and seeds of Trichodesma Indicum

Linn. R. Br. and Table 1 shows the organoleptic characters of leaf of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.



Figure 1. Macroscopy of Leaf, stem, root, flower, fruit and seeds of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.

Table 1. Organoleptic characters of Leaf of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.

Leaf Stem Root Flower Fruit

Shape Oblong, lanceolate Rounded Rounded Ellipsoid

Size Length: 3–10 cm,

width: 0.5–3 cm

50 cm long and 0.2–

0.3 cm in width

10 cm long and

1–2 cm in width

Sepal tube (calyx):

1–13 cm long

5 mm long

Colour Green above and

pale green beneath

Pale Green when wet,

light brown when dry

Light brown White-violet when

wet

Pale Green when wet,

light brown when dry

Odour Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless

Taste Madhura, Katu Tasteless Tasteless Tasteless Tasteless

Fracture of

stem bark

Brittle Brittle

Transverse Section of Leaf

TS Microscopy of Leaf (Figure 2)

Figure shows details of microscopy of leaf.

(a) 4X

(b) 20X

(c) 10X

(d) 10X

Figure 2. Characters observed in the TS Microscopy: Upper epidermis, lower epidermis, Trichomes

and vascular bundles (a), Trichome (b), Stomata and Trichomes (c), Anisocytic stomata (d).

(a)

(c) (d)

(a)


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TS Microscopy of Stem (Figure 3)

The figure shows the vascular bundle, trichome etc.

(a) 10X

(b) 20X

(c) 20X

Figure 3. Characters Observed in the TS microscopy: Cork, Trichome, Vessels and Pith (a),

Trichome (b), Vessels (c).

TS Microscopy of Ovule (Figure 4)

The figure shows the ovary wall with ovule of Trichodesma indicum.

(a) 4X

(b) 10X

(c) 4X

(d) 20X

Figure 4. Characters observed in the TS Microscopy: Ovary wall, Locule and Ovules (a), Locule and

Ovule (b), Empty Locules (c), Ovule (d).

(a) (b)

(d) (c)

(a) (b)

(c)



TS Microscopy of Root (Figure 5)

The figure shows vascular bundle and the starch grain, oil globules and medullary rays etc.

(a) 4X

(b) 10X

(c) 10X

(d) 10X

Figure 5. Characters observed in the TS microscopy: Cork, Cortex and Vessels (a), Medullary rays

and Vessels (b), Starch Grain (c), Oil Globule (d).

Powder Microscopy (Figure 6)

Leaf powder microscopy shows the presence of iron vessels, trichome, and stomata, and presence

of calcium oxalate crystals.

(a) 20X

(b)20X

(a) (b)

(c)

(b) (a)

(d)


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(c) 20X

(d) 10X

Figure 6. Leaf Powder Microscopy Characters observed in the Leaf powder microscopy: Spiral

Vessels (a), Trichome (b), Stomata(c), Prismatic crystal of Calcium oxalate (d).

Stem Powder Microscopy (Figure 7)

The figure shows the presence of spiral and pitted vessels, and trichome, oil globules etc.

(a) 20X

(b) 20X

(c) 20X

(d) 10X

Figure 7. Characters Observed in the stem powder microscopy: Spiral Vessels (a), Pitted vessels (b),

Prismatic crystal of Calcium oxalate (c), Trichome and Oil globule (d).

(c) (d)

(a) (b)

(d) (c)



Fruit Powder Microscopy (Figure 8)

The figure shows the presence of trichome, spiral vessels, and oil globules in fruit.

(a) 20X

(b) 20X

(c) 20X

(d) 10X

Figure 8. Characters Observed in the Fruit powder microscopy: Trichome and Spiral Vessels (a), Oil

Globule (b), Starch Grain (c), Trichome (d).

Table 2 shows the standardization parameters of each part of Trichodesma indicum.

Table 2. Standardization parameters of each part of Trichodesma indicum. S.N. Determination Leaf

(Percentage

w/w)

Stem

(Percentage

w/w)

Flower

(Percentage

w/w)

Root

(Percentage

w/w)

Fruit

(Percentage

w/w)

1. Total Ash 21.35% 7.796% 15.75% 4.600% 18.725%

2. Acid insoluble Ash 10.50% 1.349% 6.75% 0.650% 8.914%

3. Alcohol Soluble Extractive value 36.01% 2.68% 7.36% 6.760% 5.329%

4. Water soluble Extractive value 16.88% 13.38% 17.43% 12.512% 18.608%

5. Chloroform Extractive value 8.243% 1.512% - 1.756% 8.747%

6. Toluene Extractive value 4.345% 0.368% - 35.600% 3.298%

7. Methanol Extractive value 35.567% 5.269% - 3.106% 9.910%

8. Moisture content 7.36% 7.063% 6.758% 7.253% 10.123%

9. Total solid content 92.64% 92.937% 93.242% 92.747% 89.877%

(a) (b)

(c) (d)


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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Root of Adhahapushpi (Table 3)

• Water extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, flavonoids

and tannins.

• Alcohol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides and

flavonoids.

• Both chloroform and methanol extract was positive for carbohydrates and flavonoids.

• Toluene extract was positive for carbohydrates.

Preliminary phytochemical screening of Leaf of Adhahapushpi (Table 4)

• Water extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, flavonoids.

• Alcohol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, pentose

and flavonoids.

• Chloroform extract was positive for carbohydrates and reducing sugars.

• Toluene extract was positive for carbohydrates.

• Methanol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids,

steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins.

Table 3. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Root of AdhahaPushpi extracts.

S.N. Tests for Water Alcohol Chloroform Toluene Methanol

1 Carbohydrates Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive

2 Reducing Sugars Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative

3 Monosaccharides Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative

4 Pentose Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative

5 Hexose Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative

6 Non Reducing Sugars Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative

7 Proteins Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative

8 Amino acids Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative

9 Fats and Oils Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative

10 Steroids Negative Negative Positive Negative Negative

11 Flavonoids Positive Positive Negative Negative Positive

12 Alkaloids Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative

13 Tannins Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative

Table 4. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Leaf of Adhahapushpi extracts.


1 Carbohydrates Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive

2 Reducing Sugars Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive

3 Monosaccharides Negative Positive Negative Negative Negative

4 Pentose Negative Positive Negative Negative Negative



7 Proteins Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive

8 Amino acids Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive

9 Test for Fats and Oils Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative

10 Steroids Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive

11 Flavonoids Positive Positive Negative Negative Positive

12 Alkaloids Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive

13 Tannins Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive



Preliminary phytochemical screening of Stem of Adhahapushpi (Table 5)

• Water extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, flavonoids

and tannins.

• Alcohol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, and

flavonoids.

• Chloroform extract was positive for carbohydrates.

• Methanol extract was positive for reducing sugars.

Preliminary phytochemical screening of Flower of Adhahapushpi (Table 6)

• Water extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, proteins,

amino acids, flavonoids and tannins.

• Alcohol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, pentose,

amino acids and flavonoids.

Table 5. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Stem of Adhahapushpi extracts.


1 Carbohydrates Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative

2 Reducing Sugars Positive Positive Negative Negative Positive

3 Monosaccharaides Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative

4 Pentose Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative



7 Proteins Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative

8 Amino acids Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative


10 Steroids Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative

11 Flavonoids Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative

12 Alkaloids Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative

13 Tannins Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative

Table 6. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Flower

of Adhahapushpi extracts.

S.N. Tests Water Alcohol

1 Test for Carbohydrates Positive Positive

2 Test for Reducing Sugars Positive Positive

3 Test for Monosaccharaides Positive Positive

4 Test for Pentose Negative Positive

5 Test for Hexose Negative Negative

6 Test for Non Reducing Sugars Negative Negative

7 Test for Proteins Positive Negative

8 Test for Amino acids Positive Positive

9 Test for Fats and Oils Negative Negative

10 Test for Steroids Negative Negative

11 Test for Flavonoids Positive Positive

12 Test for Alkaloids Negative Negative

13 Test for Tannins Positive Negative


Volume 8, Issue 2

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Preliminary phytochemical screening of Fruit of Adhahapushpi (Table 7)

• Water extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, proteins,

amino acids, flavonoids and tannins.

• Alcohol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, pentose,

amino acids and flavonoids.

• Chloroform extract was positive for carbohydrates.

• Methanol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, steroids, alkaloids and tannins.

Inorganic Elements (Table 8)

• Leaf was positive for calcium, sodium, iron, chloride, sulphates and phosphates.

• Stem was positive for calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, chloride, sulphates and phosphates.

• Flower was positive for calcium, sodium, iron, chloride, sulphates and phosphates.

• Root was positive for calcium, sodium, iron, chloride, sulphates and phosphates.

• Fruit was positive for calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, chloride, nitrates, and carbonates.

Flemophotometry

Quantitative Analysis for Inorganic Elements of AdhahaPushpi Extracts (Table 9)

Leaf, Stem and Fruit and Root have Calcium> Potassium > Sodium.

Table 7. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Fruit of Adhahapushpi extracts.


1 Carbohydrates Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive

2 Reducing Sugars Positive Positive Negative Negative Positive

3 Monosaccharaides Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative

4 Pentose Negative Positive Negative Negative Negative



7 Proteins Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative

8 Amino acids Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative


10 Steroids Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive

11 Flavonoids Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative

12 Alkaloids Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive

13 Tannins Positive Negative Negative Negative Positive

Table 8. Qualitative Analysis for Inorganic Elements of Powder

of each part of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.

S.N. Elements Leaf Stem Flower Root Fruit

1 Calcium Present Present Present Present Present

2 Magnesium Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

3 Sodium Present Present Present Present Present

4 Potassium Absent Present Absent Absent Present

5 Iron Present Present Present Present Present

6 Chloride Present Present Present Present Present

7 Nitrates Absent Absent Absent Absent Present

8 Sulphates Present Absent Present Present Absent

9 Carbonates Absent Absent Absent Absent Present

10 Phosphates Present Absent Present Present Absent



Qualitative Analysis for Inorganic Elements of AdhahaPushpi Extracts (Table 10)

• Calcium, sodium, iron, and chlorides were present in all parts viz., stem, leaf, flower, root and

fruit.

• Potassium was present in root and fruit.

• Nitrates were present only in fruit.

• Sulphates were present in stem, leaf and flower.

• Carbonates were present only in fruit.

• Phosphates were present in stem, leaf and flower.

Table 9. Quantitative Analysis for Inorganic Elements of Adhahapushpi Extracts.

S.N. Elements Leaf Stem Fruit Root

1 Sodium (Na) 10.42 ppm 11.03 ppm 10.05 ppm 22.21 ppm

2 Potassium (K) 89.03 ppm 156.00 ppm 88.03 ppm 190.92 ppm

3 Calcium (Ca) 103.27 ppm 190.72 ppm 122.74 ppm 190.30 ppm

Table 10. Qualitative Analysis for Inorganic Elements of Adhahapushpi extracts.

S.N. Elements Stem Leaf Flower Root Fruit

1 Calcium Present Present Present Present Present

2 Magnesium Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

3 Sodium Present Present Present Present Present

4 Potassium Absent Absent Absent Present Present

5 Iron Present Present Present Present Present

6 Chloride Present Present Present Present Present

7 Nitrates Absent Absent Absent Absent Present

8 Sulphates Present Present Present Absent Absent

9 Carbonates Absent Absent Absent Absent Present

10 Phosphates Present Present Present Absent Absent

Physicochemical Parameters

It includes TLC, quantitative study of different chemicals in various parts of Adhahapushpi

Table 11. TLC profile of Flower powder.

Extract Solvent system No. of Spots Rf Value

Alcohol Toluene:Ethyl acetate

7:3

10 0.04, 0.08, 0.41, 0.48, 0.54, 0.066, 0.77, 0.87, 0.93

Table 12. TLC profile of Root powder.



7:3

06 Short wave: 0.18, 0.77, Long wave: 0.06, 0.11, 0.23, 0.26,

0.30, 0.34, 0.39, 0.46, 0.56, 0.61, 0.75

Methanol Toluene:Ethyl acetate

7:3

Short wave: 0.17, 0.88, Long wave: 0.07, 0.35, 0.50, 0.91

Table 13. TLC profile of Stem powder. Extract Solvent system No. of Spots Rf Value


7:3

11 Short wave: 0.15, 0.75, 0.81, 0.87.

Long wave: 0.06, 0.32, 0.53, 0.59, 0.74, 0.81, 0.87.


7:3

12 Short wave: 0.18, 0.87.

Long wave: 0.07, 0.12, 0.21, 0.31, 0.37, 0.67, 0.80, 0.85,

0.90, 0.97.


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Table 14. TLC profile of Fruit powder.



7:3

15 Short wave: 0.33, 0.39. Long wave: 0.08, 0.15, 0.22, 0.27,

0.32, 0.37, 0.46, 0.54, 0.62, 0.65, 0.70, 0.81, 0.89.


7:3

12 Short wave: 0.87.

Long wave: 0.11, 0.26, 0.35, 0.43, 0.55, 0.62, 0.71, 0.75,

0.82, 0.91, 0.97.

Table 15. TLC profile of Leaf powder.



7:3

10 0.02, 0.23, 0.49, 0.56, 0.59, 0.63, 0.75, 0.86, 0.93, 0.98

Quantitative study of different extracts of different parts of Adhahapushpi

Leaf: Methanol extract has higher Gallic acid compared to water and Alcohol extracts.

Methanol extract > Alcohol > Water.

Root: Gallic acid was not traced out in Methanol extract. Water extract has higher Gallic acid

compared to Alcohol extracts.

Stem: Gallic acid was not traced out in Methanol extract. Water extract has higher Gallic acid


Fruit: Alcohol extract has higher Gallic acid compared to water and Methanol extracts.

Alcohol extract > Water > Methanol.

Table 16. Total Phenolic contents (Gallic acid).

Type of cold Extract Leaf Root Stem Fruit

Water 43.65(+/–0.19)

mg/gm Extract

56.48(+/–0.94)

mg/gm Extract

43.40(+/–0.36)

mg/gm Extract

33.33(+/–0.57)

mg/gm Extract

Methanol 73.21(+/–0.38)

mg/gm Extract

- - 29.50(+/–0.56)

mg/gm Extract

Alcohol 50.48(+/–0.47)

mg/gm Extract

34.70(+/–0.25)

mg/gm Extract

37.95(+/–0.25)

mg/gm Extract

76.83(+/–0.19)

mg/gm Extract

Table 17. Total Flavanoid contents (Quercetin acid).

Type of cold Extract Leaf Root Stem Fruit

Water 15.26(+/–0.65)

mg/gm Extract

4.49(+/–0.10)

mg/gm Extract

7.62(+/–0.45)

mg/gm Extract

17.31(+/–0.63)

mg/gm Extract

Methanol 16.41(+/–0.91)

mg/gm Extract

0.40(+/–0.28)

mg/gm Extract

- -

Alcohol 18.69(+/–0.36)

mg/gm Extract

2.63(+/–0.54)

mg/gm Extract

3.41(+/–0.21)

mg/gm Extract

14.78(+/–0.58)

mg/gm Extract

Leaf: Alcohol extract has higher Quercetin compared to water and Methanol extracts.

Alcohol extract > Methanol > Water.

Root: Water extract has higher Gallic acid compared to Alcohol extracts.

Water extract > Alcohol > Methanol.

Stem: Quercetin was not traced out in Methanol extract. Water extract has higher Gallic acid




Fruit: Quercetin was not traced out in Methanol extract. Water extract has higher Gallic acid compared to Alcohol extracts.

DISCUSSION Ayurvedic drugs are the promising source of health fraternity. Most of them are having the origin in

folklore and tribal practice. It is more worth when the same tribal or folklore medicines are standardised botanically and pharmacognostically. Adhahapushpi, Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br. is one of such drugs and needs to be standardised; so in present study, each part of the plant is studied in detail. Organoleptic characters (Figure 1 and Table 1) Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.

Revealed that the leaves are simple, opposite decussate, sessile, with obtuse apex, entire margin, and pinnate venation. Surface of leaves are covered with prominent white tubercles rich with hairs. They are 3–10.0 cm long and 0.5–3 cm in width. The shape of leaf is ovate or oblong lanceolate with narrow base; Midrib distinct; The stem are found to be green in colour, light brown when dry, surface clothed with hair, odourless, tasteless hairy surface, branches clothed with spreading trichomes. They are 50 cm long and 0.2 to 0.3 cm in width. The Inflorescence: terminal on stem and branches. Flowers: axillary, calyx: green, hairy 1: 13 cm long. Corolla: funnel shaped, lobes tailed. Fruits: ellipsoid, enclosed by calyx.

Nutlets: black, 4 in number; Oblong, ovoid, 5 mm long and wide. Transverse section of Different parts of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.) (Figures 2–5)

The leaf is a dorsi-ventral and hypo-stomatic with anisocytic stomata. It has amoeboid outlined epidermal cells. It has thick epidermal trichomes and the midrib is deeply grooved on ad-axial side with a semi-circular ad-axial part. It has well defined vein islets and once or twice forked vein termination on its venation pattern. The TS studies of the young stem displayed thin layer of narrow rectangular epidermal cells thick troichomes and vascular bundles, primary, secondary xylem cylinders with phloem and vessels up to 40 µm wide. The TS studies of the young root showed central medullary rays, solid central secondary xylem cylinder with thin layer of secondary phloem. It also has lignified xylem fibres. It also showed presence of starch granules and oil globules.

Powder microscopy (Figures 6–8): Evaluation of powder microscopy of leaf showed presence of spiral vessels, trichome, stomata and prismatic crystal of calcium oxalate. Stem powder microscopy showed presence of spiral vessels, pitted vessels, prismatic crystal of calcium oxalate, trichome and oil globules.

Fruit powder microscopy showed presence of trichome and spiral vessels, oil globule, starch grain and trichome.

Physicochemical analysis (Table 2): The quantitative ash content value suggests the presence of inorganic component in all the parts of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.).

The quantitative solubility of ash was checked in dilute acid solution and water. The solubility of

ash of all the parts except fruit in dilute acid solution was found lower than water. Extract values: Each part of drug are checked for extractive values using different solvents (water,

alcohol, chloroform, toluene and methanol) Leaf: The water soluble extractives were found higher than alcohol soluble extractives. Stem: The water soluble extractives > Methanol soluble extractives > Chloroform soluble

extractives > Alcohol soluble extractives > Toluene soluble extractives.


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Root: The Toluene soluble extractives > Water soluble extractives > Alcohol soluble extractives > Methanol soluble extractives > Chloroform soluble extractives.

Flower: The water soluble extractives were found higher than alcohol soluble extractives. Fruit: The Water soluble extractives > Methanol soluble extractives > Alcohol soluble extractives

> soluble extractives > Chloroform soluble extractives.

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.)

Extracts The medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites, a varied group of chemicals, which include

alkaloids, glycosides, amines, insecticides, steroids, flavonoids, and related metabolites, which have been widely used in drug and pharmaceutical industry [19]; so, different parts of Adhahapushpi were evaluated for presence of secondary metabolites.

Plant phenolic and carotenoid compounds are known for their invaluable effects on human health

and they are present in many varieties in plants and vegetables [20]. Another large family of phytochemcials is Flavonoids which are also called bioflavonoids present in fruits and vegetables and act as antioxidants [21]. Flavanoids are renowned for their free radical scavenging potency, which underlines their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and vasodilator activities [22].

Phenols and flavonoids are known for their antioxidant and free radical scavenging property [23]. Plant based alkaloids are the biggest class of phytochemicals and show evidence of many

therapeutic effects like antioxidant, analgesics, muscle relaxants, antibiotics, anticancer and also responsible for antiprotozoal, cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties [24]. Tannins are the compounds which are water-soluble and also phenolic in nature, and are used as healing agents in many diseases like leucorrhoea, rhinorrhea, diarrhea and also hinder the growth of many organisms like fungi, yeasts, bacteria, and viruses [25]. The presence of glycosides shows improvement in cardiac arrhythmia and heart related diseases. It is reported that terpenoids are the most widespread chemically different groups of natural products and have activities like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, sedative, cytotoxic activity etc.

Different extracts of different parts of the plant Adhahapushpi are confirmed for the presence of

carbohydrates, reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids, steroids, monosaccharaides, flavonoids and tannins. This supports the plant’s anti-oxidant, radical scavenging and anticancer activities. TLC Profile (Tables 11–15)

The TLC method is best choice for the identification of secondary metabolite present in plants. Here, the different Rf values indicate the presence of different nature of phytoconstituents in single extracts. Different Rf values of the compound also reflect an idea about their polarity. This info will help in selection of suitable solvent system for auxiliary separation of compound from these plant extracts. Quantitative Study of Different Extracts of Different Parts of Adhahapushpi (Tables 16 and 17)

Quercetin, a flavonoid has unique biological properties that benefit to overall health and disease

resistance, including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and psychostimulant

activities [26]. Similarly Gallic acid and its derivatives can inhibit the oxidation and rancidity of oils

and fats ascribed to their free radical scavenging and antioxidant nature [27]. Quantitative estimation

of Quercitin and Gallic acid in different extracts of the plant Adhahapushpi, supported the plant’s

tribal use in cancer.

CONCLUSION

The medicinal plant Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.) is mentioned in Ayurvedic

Samhita and Nighantu and used as medicine for different ailments such as cough, diarrhoea, joint pain



and tribally used to treat breast cancer. However it is not included in Ayurveda pharmacopeia of

India; so, the study is aimed to conduct pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical study of

each part of the drug.

The study showed microscopic and phytochemical properties which will help in identification and

standardisation of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.). The study reveals specific

identifying characteristics for the particular crude drug which will be of significant use in

identification and control to adulteration of the raw drug and can serve as a reference for any further

investigations.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I am thankful to the Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, Alvas Ayurvedic Medical College and

Central Research Facility KAHER's Shri B M Kankanawadi Ayurved Mahavidyalaya Belagavi,

Karnataka, for their kind support in carrying out the study.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

We have no conflicts of interest, neither financial nor personal or any other kind.

AUTHORS’ FUNDING

The authors have no funding to report.

REFERENCES

1. Kirtikar KK, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal plants. Deharadun: International book distributors; 2005;

1693.

2. Tirky A. Ethno medicinal investigation on plants of district Raigarh (Madhya Pradesh). Ph.D

thesis submitted to Barkarullah University, Bhopal (MP) India. 2002.

3. Alarmal Mangai S, Ravi Subban. In vitro cyto toxicity of Trichodesma indium Linn. R. Br.,

Extracts against three human Cancer Cell Lines. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2014; 7(3): 103–105.

4. https://www.who.int>mediacentre>factsheets

5. Johansen DA. Plant micro technique. New York and London: Mcgraw-hill book company, Inc.;

1940; 68.

6. Anonymous. Indian Pharmacopoeia. Vol-I. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family welfare,

Govt of India, Controller of Publications; 2007; A-2.6.

















15. Lavekar GS. Laboratory guide for the analysis of Ayurveda and siddha Formulations. New Delhi:

CCRAS, Dept. of Ayush, Ministry of health and family Welfare, Govt. of India; 2010.


Volume 8, Issue 2

ISSN: 2395-6682


16. Lavekar GS. Laboratory guide for the analysis of Ayurveda and siddha Formulations. New Delhi:

CCRAS, Dept. of Ayush, Ministry of health and family welfare, Govt. of India; 2010.

17. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. In Phytochemical Investigations. 26th

Edn. Pune, Mumbai: Nirali Prakashan; 2004; 105–109.

18. Santosh MK, Sharanabasappa GK, Shaila D, Seetharam YN, Sanjeevarao I. Phytochemical

studies on Bauhinia racemosa, Bauhinia purpurea Linn. and Hardwickia binate Roxb. E-J Chem.

2007; 4(1): 21–31.

19. Esther Lydia, Sheila John, Riyazudin Mohammed, Thiyagarajan Sivapriya. Investigation on the

Phytochemicals present in the Fruit peel of Carica papaya and evaluation of its Antioxidant and

Antimicrobial property. Res J Pharmacognosy and Phytochem. 2016; 8(4): 217–222.

20. Thenmozhi A, Mahadeva Rao US. Secondary Metabolite screening, Bioactive compound

extraction, and Disrupting Mitotic Activity of Wild Cabbage [Brassicaceae] towards Cancer

Management. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2012; 2(1): 19–31.

21. Hosu A, Cristea V, Cimpoiu C. Analysis of total phenolic, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins

content in Romanian red wines: Prediction of antioxidant activities and classification of wines

using artificial neural networks. Food Chem. 2014; 150: 113–8.

22. Rajasekhar Pinnamaneni. Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation of peel of Pomegranate Punica

granatum L. Research J Pharm Tech. 2018; 11(8): 3609–3613.

23. Chung KT, Wong TY, Wei CI, Huang YW, Lin Y. Tannins and human health: a review. Crit Rev

Food Sci Nutr. 1998; 38(6): 421–64.

24. Malu SP, Obochi GO, Edem CA, Nyong BE. Effect of methods of extraction on phytochemical

Constituents and antibacterial properties of Tetracarpidiumconophorum seeds. Global J Pure Appl

Sci. 2009; 15(3–4): 373–6.

25. Rupasinghe HP, Jackson CJ, Poysa V, di Bierado C, Bewley JD, Jenkinson J. Soyasapogenol A

and B distribution in Glycine max in relation to seed physiology, genetic variability and growing

location. J Agric Food Chem. 2003; 51(20): 5888–94.

26. Choubey S, Varughese L, Kumar V, Beniwal V. Medicinal importance of gallic acid and its ester

derivatives: a patent review. Pharm Pat Anal. 2015; 4(4): 305–15.

International Journal of Applied Ayurved Research ISSN: 2347- 6362

EXPLORE OF FOLKLORE MEDICINAL PLANT- ADHAHAPUSHPI

(TRICHODESMA INDICUM LINN. R. BR.) 1Byadigi Sarojini D

2P Subrahmanya

1PhD Scholar, Dept. Of Dravyaguna Vignana,Alva’s Ayurvedic Medical College Moodbidri,

Karnataka. 2Professor, HOD, Dept. Of Dravyaguna Vignana, Alva’s Ayurvedic Medical College

Moodbidri, Karnataka

ABSTRACT :

The use of plants in therapies both humans and animals is as old as human history. Man must

have learnt about the use of herbal medicine by observing self-medication by animals in the

nature. Folk medicine is different rather than to modern medicine. Traditional medicine lives

among the people as a part of their culture. In traditional societies, any information about a

disease is shared by others. This information is passed through the generations. People learn

popular medicine in the same way and they learn other cultural components. According to

Charakacharya, good old expert physician of Ayurveda ‘Every drug is potential to cure one

or the other disorders.’ One such herb is Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma indicum Linn. R. Br.)

which is tribally used in different ailments including Carcinoma.

Key words: Folklore, Materia medica, Charakacharya, Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma

indicum Linn. R. Br.)

AIM:

1. To review the drug Adhhapushpi from

different systems of Alternative medicines

like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani.

2. To review the use of folklore herb

Adhahapushpi in different tribes and

Traditions.

Background: Traditional medicine (also

known as indigenous or folk medicine)

was developed by people who learnt self-

medication using available natural plant or

animal sources. Then the same knowledge

passed from mouth to mouth or inherited

in generations. The World Health

Organization (WHO) defines traditional

medicine as "the sum total of the

knowledge, skills, and practices based on

the theories, beliefs, and experiences

indigenous to different cultures, whether

explicable or not, used in the maintenance

of health as well as in the prevention,

diagnosis, improvement or treatment of

physical and mental illness".1 Traditional

medicine is contrasted with scientific

medicine.

The tribal people staying in Forests

of Asia and African countries still rely on

traditional medicine for insect bite and

other primary diseases. To name some of

them include, Traditional Chainese

Medicine, Keralian Medicine, European

Medicine etc. Such medicines are

promising source for treating some of the

ailments including Cancer. All around the

world screening of such medicines for

various ailments is going on through

different departments such as

Pharmacology, Microbiology,

Biotechnology and Pharmacy.

. According to Charakacharya, good

old expert physician of Ayurveda ‘Every

drug is potential to cure one or the other

disorders.’2 One such herb is

Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma indicum

Linn. R. Br.) which is tribally used in

different ailments including Carcinoma.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine

[Byadigi Sarojini D. et al : Explore of Folklore Medicinal Plant- Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.)]

60 www.ijaar.in IJAAR VOLUME IV ISSUE II MAY - JUNE 2019

REVIEW RESULTS:

Adhahapushpi in Ayurveda:

Adhahapushpi is not traced in any Veda

but is explained during Samhita kala and

Nighantu Kala as follows-

Acharya Charaka3 has mentioned Dravya

named Avakpushpi in Jeevaniya Ghrita in

Vatarakta Chikitsa. Chakrapanidatta

comments it as Andhahuli which may be

considered as Adhahapushpi. He has not

placed it under any Dravya classification

but he mentions it under

Shirovirechanadravya kalpa samgraha4,

here Mula of Adhahapushpi is considered.

Neither Sushruta nor Vagbhata have

mentioned the Dravya in their texts. After

Charaka, during Nighantu Kala,

Adhahapushpi is mentioned by Shodala

Nighantu5. under Lakshnadirayam varga

and Bhavaprakasha nighantu6 in

Parishishtha and Adarsha Nighantu-

Shleshmatakadi Varga.

Nirukti and Paryaya:

Shodala Nighantu. Tryarthoushadha

adhikara Avakpushpika is known by 3

names namely, Shatapushpa, Mayura and

Adhahapushpi7.

Adhahapushpi - Flowers face ground,

hence even called as Adhomukha.

Romalu- Hairy all over the plant.

Gandhapushpika- Flowers having

fragrance.

Dhenujihva- Leaves resemble tongue of

cow.

Amar pushpika- Flowers are beautiful.

Prof. Priyavrat Sharma, author of

Dravyaguna vignana8, has identified drug

Adhahpushpi as Trichodesma indicum

Linn.R.Br.

Morphology

9:

The drug Trichodesma indicum Linn. R.

Br belongs to the Family- Boraginaceae

It is a Annual, erect, much branched, very

hispid herb, grows up to: 15-45 cm

hight.Leaves:sessile; Length of leaves

range from : 3.8-10 cm and width :

0.65cm. Shape is variable, ovate or oblong

or lanciolate- oblong;Tip is obtuse or sub-

acute; Surface: clothed above with stiff

hair springing from white circular

tubercles, beneath less harshly hairy and

more or less densely villous.Base: cordate

or hirsute; Inflorescence: solitary,



pedicels- 6-13mm long, slender, nodding,

hispid.Calyx: 11-13mm long, deeply

divided, hispid, hispid with long hair;

segments lanciolate, acute, cordate or

hastate at the base, connate by the basal

auricles.Corolla: 1.3cm long, tube 6mm

long, limb oblique, infundibulliform,

thinly hairy inside, lobes 3-4mm long,

ovate, deltoid, suddenly acuminate. Cone

of anthers large and very pointed, clothed

on the back with dense white hair: anthers

included or exerted, with a few hairs at the

base, inserted on the corolla tube, the

produced connectives linear, very acute,

finally twisted together. Ovary: ovoid,

acute, tapering into the style, glabrous,

style nearly 6mm long. Fruit pyramidal,

subtruncate at the apex, tipped with the

persistent style, 4 ribbed, nutlets 5mm

long, ovoid, smooth and polished on the

back, rugose on the inner face, not or

scarcely margined, bluish white or nearly

white when fully ripe, leaving 5 deep

ovate pits on the membranous axis when

falling.

It is distributed throughout the greater part

of India, in the plains, Baluchisthan,

Ceylon, Afghanistan, Persia, and

Mauritius

Guna - Karma-Shodala attributes its

pharmacological actions as Chakshushya

and Gudhagarbha apakarshini.

Bhavaprakasha explains its main Karma

as Shothahara, Mutrala and Vishaghna

Dravyaguna vignana by PV Sharma-

Guna- Laghu Rasa- Tikta, Katu,

Veerya- Ushna Vipaka- Katu

Doshaghnata- Kaphavata hara,

Rogaghnata- Shreshtha Vrana Shotha

hara

Therapeutic uses:

1. Sunishannaka changeri Ghrita10

– here

Adhahapushpi is used as Kwathartha

dravya along with other drugs. This

Ghrita is indicated in Arsha, Atisara,

Tridoshaja Raktasrava, Pravahika,

Gudabhransha, Guda Shotha, Shoola,

Mootragraha, Moodhavata, Mandagni,

Aruchi.

2. Jeevaniya Ghrita along with other

Dravya to prepare Kwatha. Jeevaniya

Ghrita is indicated in Panduroga, Jwara,

Hikka, Svarabheda, Bhagandara,

Parshvashoola, Dhatukshaya, Kasa,

Pleehavruddhi, Vatarakta, Shosha,

Apasmara, Ashmari, Sharkara,

Sarvangavata, Ekangavata, Mootrasanga.

It is both Jeevaniya and Vrushya. If

Vandya Stree consumes it, even she may

conceive.

3. Swellings of Sandhivata- Mula11

(root)

of the plant is crushed and applied.

Adhahapushpi in Siddha12

- A handful of

plant is boiled in 1 litre water and

extracted juice is given 100 ml twice a day

in inguinal tumour, neuralgia, rheumatism

and bleeding piles. In case of Menstrual

disorders leaf fried with honey and water

extracted and given.

Adhahapushpi in Folklore use 13

-

In the Philippines-

- Leaves and roots are used as remedy for

snake bites; also used as diuretic.

- Cold infusion of leaves considered

depurative.

- Crushed roots, in decoction or infusion,

used for dysentery in children.

- In Indian traditional medicine, decoction

of roots used for diarrhoea, dysentery and

fever.

In Deccan, plants is used as emollient

poultice.

- In Chutia Nagpur, roots are crushed

and made into a paste, and applied

externally to swollen joints, inflammations

and superficial skin injuries. Also used for

arthralgias, inflammations, dyspepsia,

diarrhoea, dysentery, dysmenorrhea.



- In Tamil Nadu, southern India, root

decoction taken internally to treat bloody

dysentery.

Malasar Tribes of Coimbattore District,

Tamilnadu, call it as Kavu thumbai and

apply the paste of leaves along with Garlic

and rhizome of Acorus calamus to heal

wounds.

In Easters Ghats, used to treat bone

fractures: Poultice of whole plant paste

mixed with Albizia amara leaf powder,

tumeric powder, goat's milk and wheat is

applied on skin around the fractured area

and bandaged.

In Karnataka, Gadag District14

Adhahpushpi: Trichodesma indicum (L.)

R.Br.-Boraginaceae(Leaves) Lata

karanja: Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.-

Caesalpiniaceae(Seeds) Maricha: Piper

nigrum L.- Piperaceae(Seeds) Saindava

lavana: Sodium Chloride + Sodium

Sulphate All ingredients are powdered

and mixed in equal quantity 5 g of the

powder is given twice daily in Raktarshas/

Bleeding hemorrhoids.

In Chhattisgarh by Baiga tribes15

—

Whole plant paste of Trichodesma

indicum is externally applied to cure body

tumors. And to treat breast cancer.

DISCUSSION: After the thorough review

it is been found that Adhahapushpi is an

important medicinal plant which is used in

various ailments since long, in alternative

systems of medicine and different tribes.

It’s been found to be used as food. Indian

Borage in English, is a very common

weed in all tropical and subtropical

regions along roadside and open places, is

very hispid throughout hence one should

be careful during collection. As the name

suggests flower faces ground and is

beautiful. It is propagated by seeds so

cultivation is easy. Though the drug is

native to Asia, it is less explained in

Ayurveda so an attempt can be made to

prepare standard monograph in respect to

Rasapanchaka and others. Acharya

Charaka mentions Adhahapushpi Mula in

Shirovirechana Dravya Kalpa, so it can be

investigated for its role in

Urdhvajatrugata Roga. It is mentioned in

the preparation of Sunishannaka Ghrita,

which is consumed either mixed in food or

alone will destroy fear of any disease.

Similarly it is mentioned in Jeevaniya

Ghrita which increases Bala(Strength) ,

Varna (complexion) and cures Vali

(wrinkles of skin) and Palita(greying of

hair) which suggest that Adhahapushpi

can be investigated for its Rasayana

property.

CONCLUSION: Adhahapushpi

(Trichodesma indicum Linn. R. Br.)is an

important folklore medicinal herb used for

different ailments such as urinary

disorders, diarrhoea, dysentry,

dysmenorrhoea,Joint disorders, Snake

bite, Tumours, Breast cancer and much

more diseases by both Tribal and

Alternate systems of Medicine.

REFERANCES:

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradi

tional_medicine 7/6/2019.

2. Vaidya Yadavaji TrikamjiAcharya,

editor Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana,

Atreya bhadrakappiya Adhyaya, 26/12,

Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashan,

Varanasi, Reprint-2009

3. P.V. sharma, Charaka samhita,

Charaka, Chaukhamba

orientalia,2002,Varanasi,volII, Chikitsa

sthana, Vatashonita chikitsita adhyaya,

chapter 29, page738 shloka62

4. Charaka, Charaka samhita, Varanasi:

Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashan,

Varanasi,2002. Vimana sthana,

Rogabhushakjiteeya adhyaya chapter 8,

page794, shloka151



5. P.V. Sharma, Shodala Nighantu,

Shodala, Oriental institute Baroda;

1978.Gunasamgraha adhyaya, page

95,shloka60

6. Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakasha

Nighantu, Varanasi: Chaukambha Bharati

Academy; 2010. Commentary by DrK.C.

Chunekar;791

7. P.V. Sharma, Shodala Nighantu,

Shodala, Oriental institute Baroda;

1978.Anekartha varga, page 83,shloka733

8. Professor Sharma P.V., Dravyaguna

vignana vol II, Varanasi: Chaukambha

Bharati Academy; reprint 1999.231-233

9. Kirtikar K K, Basu B D. Indian

Medicinal plants.International book

distributors Deharadun.2005 Year, page

no1692-1693

10. Charaka, Charaka samhita,

Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surabharati

Prakashan, Varanasi,2002. Chikitsa

sthana, 14/234

11. Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakasha

Nighantu, Varanasi: Chaukambha Bharati

Academy; 2010. Commentary by DrK.C.

Chunekar;791

12. https://indiabiodiversity.org/specie

s/show/33327 7/6/2019

13. http://www.stuartxchange.org/Indi

anBorage.html 8/6/2019

14. http://www.phytojournal.com/archi

ves/2016/vol5issue4/PartB/5-3-34-555.pdf

8/6/2019

15. .https://www.researchgate.net/publ

ication/327552603_Ethnomedicine_and_T

ribes_A_Case_Study_of_the_Baiga's_Tra

ditional_Treatment 8/6/2019

Corresponding Author:

Dr. Byadigi Sarojini D

PhD Scholar, Dept. Of Dravyaguna

Vignana,Alva’s Ayurvedic Medical

College Moodbidri, Karnataka.

Email:[email protected]

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Declared

Cite this Article as :[Byadigi Sarojini D. et al :

Explore of Folklore Medicinal Plant-

Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R.

Br.)] www.ijaar.in : IJAAR VOLUME IV

ISSUE II May –June 2019 Page No: 59-63

http://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue4/PartB/5-3-34-555.pdf

http://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue4/PartB/5-3-34-555.pdf

SNVVS’S SGV AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, HOSPITL AND RESEARCH CENTRE BAILHONGAL

RESEARCH WORK CARRIED OUT BY PG DEPARTMENT DURING 2015 TO 2017

S.NO.

NAME OF THE

RESEARCH PROJECT STUDY DESIGN

NAME OF THE

RESEARCH

SCHOLAR

1 “Clinical Assessment Of

Dhataki And

PugaPuspaKwatha In The

Management Of

Raktapradara

W.S.R To Dub”

Study Design: A single blind clinical study.

Sample Size: 30 patients excluding dropouts.

Group- Single group consisting 40 patients excluding dropouts

Intervention -Dhataki and PugapuspaKwatha i.e. A Kwatha

prepared by taking equal parts DhatakiPuspa and pugaPuspa.

Dosage - 2 Pala(90ml in two divided doses) before food.

3. Duration -3 Days during menstruation period every

month for 3 consecutive menstrual cycles.

Dr. Savita Upanal

2 Management Of Vibandha

With Amalaki Churn

W.S.R. To Functional

Constipation.”




Intervention -Amalakichurna with Madhu 2 time before food

Dosage - Dose will be fixed base on

Young'sRule .

Duration - 15 day's, F/O- every week for 4 week.

Dr. Amit Shindhe

3 “A Clinical Study With

SringaveraSvarsaInKaphaj

aKasa In Children .”



Group- Single group

Intervention -SringaveraSvarasa with honeyis given for licking

three times a day

Dosage Depending upon the Age, According to Young’s Rule

doses will be fixed

Duration -7 days

Dr. Lokesh.D.

Badiger

4 “A Clinical Study

OnRasona Kalka In The

Management Of Gridhrasi

W.S.R To Sciatica”

Study Design: Randomized single group clinical study


Intervention -Rasonakalka

Route of administration -Oral

Anupana-Erandakashaya(96ml)

Duration of study-30 days

Time of drug administration-Apanakala (before food)

Dose selection -1 karsha (12g) In divided dose

Dr. MANASA M

5 “ To Study The Effect Of

Paschimottanasana In

Healthy

Individuals W.S.R. To

Vertebral

Column ’’.




Intervention-Asana-Practice Of Paschimottanasana.

Before The Practice Of Paschimottasana, Relaxation Exercises Will

Be Practiced.

Time For Each Asana Will Be 1 To 5 Minutes.

After This Asanas Persons Will Be Advised Shavasana For 5

Minutes.

Kaal:On Empty Stomach In The Morning.

Duration Of Trial: 2 Months.

Follow Up: Will Be Taken After Every 15 Days Criteria.

Dr. Maruti Anand

6 “Effect Of Ashok

TwakKwath In

ShwetaPradara

W.S.R. To Leucorrhea By

Different Modes Of

Administration”—A

Randomised Comparative

Clinical Study.


Sample Size: 30 patients excluding dropouts. Assigned into 3

groups, each with 10 patients.

Intervention-Group 1 :AshokTwakQwath 50 Ml BD Orally For 1

Month.

Group 2 :Ashok TwakQwathDhavan With 1 Ltr For 7 Days For 30

Min. Done After 5th Day Of Menstrual Cycle(Or Cessation Of

Bleeding)

Group 3:Ashok TwakQwath 50 Ml BD Orally For 1 Month And

Ashok TwakQwathDhavanWith 1 Ltr For 7 Days For 30 Min. Done

After 5th Day Of Menstrual Cycle(Or Cessation Of Bleeding)

Duration Of Treatment-2 Months.

Follow Up-After One Month And End Of Second Month.

Dr. Nayana

Gavekar

7 “A Clinical Study To

Evaluate The Effect Of

HayamaaraadiTaila Yoni

Pichu In

KaphajaYoniVyapat W.S.R

To Vulvo-Vaginitis”



Interventions:

Local SnehanaAnd SwedanaWill Be Given

Autoclaved TailaWil Be Used For Pichu

PichuWill Be Kept Inside The Vaginal Canal With All

Aseptic Measures

PichuWill Be In Situ Till The Next Mootra Vega

SitzBath With Luke Warm Water Is Advised For Washing.

APATYA- AbstinanceI Maintained During Course Of Treatment

Duration Of Treatment:7 Consecutive Days

Follow Up Study:

1st Follow Up-After 7 Days

2nd Follow Up-After 15 Days

Dr. Nitin Suresh

Shinde

8 “A Comparative Study On

Efficacy Of TriphaladiVati

And ShilajatwadiVati In

PramehaRoga”




Intervention-Group A -TriphaladiVati

Group B -ShilajitwadiVati.

Dose - 750 Mg/Day In 3 Divided Doses Along With The

Lukewarm Water For Consecutive 8 Weeks.

Weekly Follow Up Of Patients Was Done, While Biochemical

Investigations Were Carried Out Monthly.

Dr. Pratik V Patil

9

To Assess The Efficacy Of

Suryanamaskara In

Prediabetes”




Intervention:GROUP A - Patients Will Be Advised To Take Placebo

For 90 Days.

GROUP B- Patients Will Be Asked To Perform SuryanamaskaraFor

90 Days.

Duration- Will Be Advised To Do SuryanamaskaraTwice A Day For

90 Days.

Follow Up-Assessment Will Be Conducted Once In 30 Days.

Study Duration – 90 Days.

Dr. Rashmi Moogi

10 “A Clinico-Comparitive

Study To Evaluate The

Efficacy Of

LaghupanchamooladiKwat

ha And

DashamoolaKwatha In

SootikaParicharya.”




Group A – LaghupanchamooladiKwatha, 30 To 50 Ml (According

To Tolerance), Twice Daily After Food, For 45 Days

Group B – DashamoolaKwatha, 30 To 50 Ml (According To

Tolerance), Twice Daily After Food, For 45 Days

Follow Up: 5th Day, 15th Day, 30th Day And 45th Day

Dr. Reshma

Gopalrao Jadhav

11 “A Comparative Clinical

Study With KushthaTaila

And Chlorhexidine

(Savlon) In Umbilical Cord

Care.”



TREATMENT SCHEDULE:

Group A-Local And External Application Of KushthaTaila

Group B-Local And External Application Of Chlorhexidine(Savlon).

Drug Dose

3-4 Drops (Sechana)

Time &Duration

The Drug Will Be Applied On Umbilical Cord And Its Base

Twice A Day For 7 Days.

Dr. Suchit

Telmasre

12 “Clinical Evaluation Of

TryusnadyamLauhamChoo

rna In The Management Of

Sthaulya”


Group- Single group consisting 30 patients excluding dropouts.

Drug- TryusnadyamLauhamChoorna1 maasha (In Divided

Dose) 500mg Twice A Day

Assessment Of Trial Drug During The Course Of Treatment Will Be

Done On 0th, 30th And 60th Day Of The Treatment.

Dr. Tejaswini V.

Gaikwad


Evaluation Of

SuvarnaMaliniVasantRas

And KhadiradiVati In The

Management Of

KaphajaKasaW.S.R.To

Recurrent Respiratory

Track Infection In Children”




1. Group A : Patients Will Be Administered

SuvarnaMaliniVasantRas

2) Group B : Patients Will Be Administered

KhadiradiVati

DOSES :AdultDose Of

SuvarnaMaliniVasantRasAndKhadiradiVatiWill Be Subjected To

Young’s Rule And Accordingly Doses Will Be Fixed.

Follow Up: All The Patients Will Be Followed For 14days After

Treatment With 7days Of Interval.

Dr. Ashish. M.

Khandebharad

14 To assess prevalence of

obesity w.s.r. to Sthoulya

among Primary School

Children.

Study Design: Cross sectional study of 400 children aged 6 -12

years attending Primary school.

Anthropometric measurements taken and questionnaires were used

to collect Data.

Dr. Sushma

Marihal

RESEARCH WORK CARRIED OUT BY PG DEPARTMENT DURING 2016 TO 2018

S.NO.

NAME OF THE

RESEARCH PROJECT STUDY DESIGN

NAME OF THE

RESEARCH

SCHOLAR


Study On The

Management Of

Episiotomy Wound With

SarpiParisechana

Followed By BalaTaila

Application w.s.r To

SadhyoVrana”

Group- 2 groups consisting 20 patients each excluding dropouts.

1) Intervention-Group A – SarpiParisechanafollowed by

BalaTaila application (20pts).

2) Group B – Betadine application (20pts)

Procedure:

Poorva Karma:

Parisechana with Sarpi on Episiotomy wound for 20 patients in

Group A

Pradhan Karma:

After Parisechan, BalaTaila will be applied on the wound and

dressing to be done.

Paschata Karma:

Sutika will be advised:

To retain the position for at least 10 minutes

Not to indulge in any kind of strenuous work during the

course of treatment and follow up period.

To maintain local hygiene.

Duration of Treatment: 7 days

Follow up : will be done on 8th and 30th day

Dr. Anita M. Rajput

2 A Clinical Study In The

Management Of

GarbhiniChardi W.S.R. To

Emesis Gravidarum With

DrakshadiPhanta


Sample Size: Total 30 patients will be randomly selected.

Intervention:

DrakshadiPhantafor 1 month.

Dose:25ml6th hourly i.e.4 times in a day.

Anupana- Sharkara, Madhu, &Laja.

Dr. Ashok Lamani

3 Clinical Study On The

Efficacy Of AshwathaTwak

And PatraChurna With

Madhu In The

Management Of

Mukhapaka In Children

W.S.R. To Stomatitis


Sample Size: Total 40 patients will be randomly selected.

Trial Group 20 patients

Intervention:

AshwathaTwak&Patrachurna with Madhu for 10 days. Before meal (

BD)

Control Group:20 patients

Application of Oracep gel for 10 daysBefore meal ( BD)

Dr: Barve Dinesh

Vasudev

4 Effect of

PhalatrikadiKashaya and

ShilajatuChoorna in the

management of

Madhumehaw.s.r to

Diabetes Mellitus II – A

randomized comparative

clinical study

Study Design: A Randomized Comparative Clinical Study.

Sample size: 40 Patients diagnosed as Madhumeha (NIDDM Type-

2) will be selected incidentally and categorized by block

randomization into two groups consisting of minimum 20 patients in

each group.

Intervention: Group A- PHALATRIKADI KASHAYA 50 ml BD

before food for60 days

Group B-SHILAJATU CHOORNA 50 0 mg BD before food for60

days

Dr.Dinesh.G.Patel

5 Effect of Panchanimbadi

Choorna and Sudhakara

Choorna in the

management of Urdhwaga

Amlapitta – A Randomized

Single Blind Comparative

Clinical Study

Studydesign :A Randomized Single Blind comparative clinical

study.

Sample size: 40 Patientscategorized into two groups 20 each.

Intervention: Group A- PHALATRIKADI KASHAYA 50 ml BD

before food for60 days

Group B-SHILAJATU CHOORNA 50 0 mg BD before food for60

days

Follow-up will be done on every 15th day, 30th day, 45thday

Dr. Ishwar.V.

Ghugare

6 A Clinical Study On The

Effect Of DhatkyadiKwatha

In The Management Of

Balatisara W.S.R. Diarrhea

Study design :A Randomized Single Blind comparative clinical

study.

Sample size: 30 Patients

Intervention:Dhatkyadikwathawith madhu

Dosage –The dose will be According to Young’s rule

Duration – 7 days. Three times a day before food

FOLLOW UP- 1ST Day, 4th Day, 7th day

Dr. Hardik H Joshi

7 A Study To Evaluate The

Efficacy Of Dhoopana

Karma Of

Shastrakarmagara W.S.R.

To Fumigation Of

Operations Theaters In

Present Era

Study Area; Minor OT of SGV.A.M.C..College of Ayurveda,

BAILHONGAL

Sampling Method ; OT swab report for a total of 10 trials

Matra: 20gm each drugs per 10*10*10 feet room

Duration :12 hrs

Data type: Dhoopana sterilization swab results and fumigation

sterilization swab result .

Dr. Kaustubh

Ghatule

8 Role Of Jalaneti In The

Management Of

DushtaPratishyayaW.S.R.

To Chronic Simple Rhinitis

Study design :A Randomized Single Blind clinical study.

Sample size: 30 Patients excluding dropouts.

Intervention; Jalaneti withSukoshnalavanajala0.5-1litres

Twice( morning& evening ) in a day and patients will be observed on

every 8th day.

Dr. Manjula V

Heggai

9 A Comparative Clinical

Study On The Efficacy

Of Gandusha With

PanchavalkalaKashaya

And TriphalaKashaya In

MukhaSwasthya

Study design:Open randomized clinical trial

Sample size:60 subjects with poor oral hygiene will be randomly

categorized into 2 equal groups.

Group A- 30subjects-Gandushawith Panchavalkalakashaya once in

the morning before food

Group B- 30 subjects- Gandusha with Triphalakashaya once in the

morning before food.

Treatment duration- 15 days

Follow up period- 15th day after the end of treatment.

Dr. Preethika

10 A Clinico-Comparative

Study Of

NagkesharChurna And

Badarchurna Yoga In The

Management Of

ShwetaPradara W.S.R To

Non-Specific Leucorrhoea

Study design(Interventions): It is single blind clinical study where

the screened patients of ShwetaPradara will be randomly classified

in to two groups- Group A and Group B.

Group A-Nagakesharchurna 6gms twice a day with buttermilk for 15

days, follow up once in 5 days for 20 days

Group B-Badar Churna6gms twice a day with buttermilkfor 15 days,

follow up once in 5 days for 20 days

Dr. Priyanka

Kumari

11 An Open Randomized

Comparative Clinical Trial

To Evaluate The Effect Of

VatariGuggulu And

RaasnaGuggulu In

Gridhrasi W.S.R To

Sciatica

Study Design:

It is an open randomized comparative clinical study.

B. Sample size and grouping:

A minimum of 30 patients of Gridhrasi will be taken for the

study and they are randomly made into 2 groups

Group A: 15 patients will receive VatariGuggulu1 gm TID with warm

waterfor 30 days

Group B: 15 patients will receive Raasna Guggulu1 gm TID with

warm water for 30 days

Follow Up: 15 days

Dr. Roopa

Kalashetti

12 Clinical Study To Evaluate

The Role(Efficacy) Of

Triphala

(Internal Administration

And External Use As Face

Wash)

In YauvanaPidaka, W.S.R.

To Acne Vulgaris

Study design :A Randomized Single Blind clinical study.

Sample size: 30 Patients

Intervention:TriphalaChurna 12 gm morning and evening with

Sukhoshnajala, half an hour before food and along with this they

have to wash the face with Triphala infusion/PhantaKashaya as face

washmorning and evening for one minute .

Intervention period -2 month.

Follow up – After every 20 days of medicine administration

Dr. Saneesh B

Pillai

13 Evaluation Of Bimbimoola

Swarasa With

Ashwagandha In

Shayyamutra W.S.R. To

Stress Induced Nocturnal

Enuresis - A Clinical Study

Study design:This is randomized clinical trial study.

Sample size:40 patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria, excluding

dropouts will be randomly distributed into 2 groups,

Group A-BimbimoolaswarasabhavitaAshwagandhavati twice a day

before meals. Adult dose is 1 Karsha, which will be converted to

child dose, using Young's Rule according to the age of child.

Group B- Control with Syrup Mentat.

Duration - 90 days.

Followup- every 15 days

Dr. Tasneem

Donur

14 A Clinical Study To

Evaluate The Efficacy Of

KarshyaharaLouha In The

Management Of

BalaKarshya W.S.R. To

Malnutrition.

Study design: This is randomized clinical trial studySample size:

30 patients excluding dropouts

Intervention;KarshyaharaLouha, dose converted according to

young’s formula after food for 30 days.

Follow up- 15 th day

Dr. Rajabhau Bade

S.N.V.V.S’S S.G.V. AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTRE, BAILHONGAL-591102

RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS

SL. NO. NAME OF THE TOPIC NAME OF THE

JOURNAL

NAME OF THE

AUTHOR

MONTH & YEAR

1

Globalization of forgotten

Trunadhanya’s and adopting them in

daily diet

Ayurveda Darpan Journal of Indian

Medicine

Dr. Manjula

Heggai (PG Scholar)

December-2018

2

A clinical Success story of Ekakushta (Plaque psoriasis)

with Ayurvedic Management

Ayurveda Darpan Journal of Indian

Medicine

Dr. Roopa Kalashetti

(PG Scholar)

December-2018

3

Explore of Folklore Medicinal Plants-

Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma

indicum Linn.R.BR.)

International journal of Applied

Ayurveda Research

Dr. Sarojini Byadigi Reader

June-2019

snvvs’s sgv ayurvedic medical college, hospitl and

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