sneak peek: home squadron: the u.s. navy on the north atlantic station

7/22/2019 SNEAK PEEK: Home Squadron: The U.S. Navy on the North Atlantic Station

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@MEXFEXP A`lemwofhndfets xc

Cetrmhu`tcme 1

MEF Xjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme, tjf WcrncecusAggacr, 11 aeh tjf Bcrtj mg Pquahrme Fxfr`csfs, 1:>81::1

X^M Xmwarh a Efw Chfetcty, 1::21::: 0:

XJRFF Xjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme aeh tjf Pquahrme 78 mg Fvmoutcme, 1::31:31

GMVR Xjf Ocdcts mg Ah Jm` @rcscs Rfspmesf, 1:321:38 :>

GCWF Ou`fs Wcscme Rfaoczfh; Xjf Emrtj Atoaetc` 119 Pquahrme Pmochcfifs a Efw Chfetcty, 1:361:3>

Fpcomnuf 10>

Emtfs 183

Bcbocmnrapjy 1:3

Cehfx 293

cx


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4/15

xc

A@LEMÔFHNDFEXP

Ce aey aàhfdc` fehfavmr, s`jmoars hfpfeh me a jmst mg suppmrtfrs. Xjcs prmkf`twas em hcggfrfet. C was jmemrfh tm bf tjf rf`cpcfet mg tjf Eavao Jcstmry aehJfrctanf @mddaehs Padufo Focmt Dmrcsme Puppofdfetao P`jmoarsjcp awarh gmr

299>. Xjcs wmrl, C jmpf, kustcfifs tjfcr cevfstdfet ce df.Xjf E avy/Darctcdf Rf`mrhs ar`jcvcsts at Eatcmeao Ar`jcvfs C ce asjcen-

tme, H.@., wfrf fspf`caooy jfopguo. Xjfy patcfetoy fixfh daey ce`mrrf`toy fioofh

mut puoo rfqufsts aeh nuchfh df ce tjf juet gmr dmrf cegmrdatcme. Xjf stagg mg

tjf Daeus`rcpt Hcvcscme at tjf Ocbrary mg @menrfss was scdcoaroy suppmrtcvf. Xjf

V.P. Eavao Aàhfdys Ecdctz Ocbrary ce Aeeapmocs cs jmdf tm ae ueparaoofofh

trfasurf trmvf mg bmtj prcdary aeh sf`mehary eavao jcstmry smur`fs, aeh tjf stagg

tjfrf `mescstfetoy nmfs abmvf aeh bfymeh tjf àoo mg huty, bmtj gmr dchsjcpdfe

aeh mtjfr rfsfar`jfrs. Ppf`cao tjaels tm Jcstmry Hfpartdfet rfgfrfe`f ocbrarcae

Barbara Daevfo gmr jfr `mescstfet suppmrt. Hr. Fvfoye @jfrpal mg tjf Eavao âr

@moofnfs Eavao Jcstmrcào @moof`tcme was a nra`cmus jmst hurcen a rfsfar`j trcp

tm Efwpmrt, Rjmhf Csoaeh. Kaecs Kmrnfesfe mg tjf V.P. Eavao Cestctutfs Yjmtm

Ar`jcvf gmueh fvfry scenof cooustratcme C aslfh gmr. C ad fspf`caooy cehfbtfh tm Kfssf

Ofbmvc`s mg tjf Cehfpfehfe`f Pfapmrt Dusfud ce Yjcoahfopjca gmr aoomwcen df

a``fss tm hm smdf jaehs-me jcstmry, `rawocen armueh tjf VPP Moydpca.

Xjf Jcstmry Hfpartdfet mg tjf V.P. Eavao Aàhfdy cs a nrfat poa`f tm wmrl.

Hfpartdfet @jacr Rc`j Abfos was fvfr patcfet wctj df as tjcs prmkf`t tmml ome-

nfr aeh omenfr tm `mdpoftf. C ad partcùoaroy cehfbtfh tm `moofanufs Omrc Bmnof,Eae`y Foofebfrnfr, Grfh Jarrmh, Bmb Omvf, aeh Aarme M@meefoo gmr cescnjtguo

`mddfets me varcmus `japtfrs. Latf Fpstfce mg Rutnfrs Vecvfrscty, @adhfe,

aeh Xcd motfrs mg Cmwa Ptatf Vecvfrscty bmtj hm nrfat wmrl me tjf V.P. Eavy

ce tjcs sadf tcdf pfrcmh aeh mggfrfh ahvc`f aeh suppmrt. C `muoh emt javf aslfh

gmr a bfttfr dfetmr tjae Hr. Kme X. Pudcha mg tjf Vecvfrscty mg Daryoaeh, wjm

was nfefrmus wctj jcs tcdf aeh àrfguooy rfah `muetofss daeus`rcpt hragts. Aey

frrmrs ce cetfrprftatcme mr ga`t tjat rfdace arf, mg `mursf, dy mwe.

Gceaooy, dy fvfr-fxpaehcen gadcoy jas bffe cehuonfet mg Hahs grfqufet

hcsappfarae`fs cetm tjf hfe. Xjael ymu, Latjy, Dfocssa, Lactoye, Kmeatjae, Kfggrfy,

aeh baby Dc`jafo.


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6/15

1

X

jcs wmrl fxadcefs tjf traesgmrdatcme mg tjf Vectfh Ptatfs Eavy as a finjt-

cen mrnaeczatcme tjat tmml poa`f me tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Ptatcme bftwffe

1:>8 aeh 1:3>. At tjf bfnceecen mg tjcs pfrcmh, tjf warsjcps asscnefh tm tjcs

statcme wfrf `moof`tcvfoy ahdcecstfrfh by a rfar ahdcrao, but wfrf mpfratcme-

aooy hfpomyfh as cehcvchuao uects, fa`j mg wjmsf a`tcmes wfrf hcrf`tfh by tjfcr

àptaces. By 1:3> tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme, mr Jmdf Pquahrme, as ct was

lemwe, was a nrmup mg warsjcps `mestctutcen a prmtfae battof flffttjat cs,

ae mrnaeczfh bmhy dmvcen aeh finjtcen ce òmsf mrhfr, wjc`j dfaet tjat tjf

a`tcmes mg tjf àptaces wfrf hcrf`tfh by a `mddaehcen ahdcrao. Cts mgfi`frs

aeh sacomrs tracefh aeh `mehu`tfh ta`tcào fxfr`csfs tmnftjfr, `rucsfh tm mvfrsfas

pmrts tmnftjfr, sm`caoczfh me ocbfrty, aeh gmunjt tmnftjfr at Paetcanm hf @uba ceKuoy 1:3: hurcen tjf Ppaecsj-Adfrcàe-@ubae ar. Xjf rfasme gmr tjcs `jaenf

ce gmrd was a `jaenf ce gue`tcme. Xjf mbkf`tcvf mg Adfrcàe eavao pmwfr ce tjf

fvfet mg war sjcgtfh grmd `mddfr`f rachcen tm bfcen abof tm fenanf aeh hfgfat

jmstcof battof flffts.1At tjf sadf tcdf, dmrfmvfr, tjf basc` datrcfo mg eavcfs was

uehfrnmcen rahcào jaenfs. Ce 1:>8 dmst mg tjf V.P. Eavys cevfetmry mescstfh

mg wmmhfe `rucscen vfssfos. Xjf first stffo warsjcps wfrf autjmrczfh ce 1::0

aeh fetfrfh sfrvc`f bftwffe 1::6 aeh 1::3. Xjfsf ueardmrfh `rucsfrs wfrf

gmoomwfh rapchoy by ardmrfh `rucsfrs, tjfe battofsjcps. By 1:3> tjf fetcrf Emrtj

Atoaetc` Pquahrme `mdprcsfh dmhfre warsjcps.

Xjat tjf squahrme uehfrwfet cdpmrtaet `jaenfs ce tjf pfrcmh 1:>83>

cs uequfstcmefh. Xjf dmhfre battofsjcps tjat `megrmetfh tjf Ppaecsj eavy ce

1:3: arf prmmg tjat scnecfiàet `jaenfs ce stratfnc` purpmsf aeh datrcfo tmml

poa`f. Jcstmrcaes javf stuhcfh bmtj mg tjfsf aspf`ts fxtfescvfoy. Jmwfvfr, tjf

prm`fss tjf squahrme wfet tjrmunj tm fggf`t tjfsf `jaenfs jas rf`fcvfh octtof

attfetcme. Xjf hfvfompdfet mg a duotcsjcp finjtcen àpabcocty was dmrf tjae

scdpoy a datrcfo prmbofd. Ct cevmovfh tjf hfvfompdfet mg hm`trcef, ta`tc`s, aeh

a jcfrar`jy mg `mddaeh suctfh tm tjf `metrmo mg a `mdpofx finjtcen mrnaecza-tcme. Ptru`turaooy, mgfi`cao `jaenf hch emt `mdf uetco tjf hfscneatcme mg a Emrtj

Atoaetc` Gofft ce 1392, gmoomwfh quc`loy by tjf `mesmochatcme mg tjf Emrtj

Atoaetc` Gofft aeh tjf Pmutj Atoaetc` Pquahrme cetm tjf Atoaetc` Gofft ce 1397.

Cetrmhu`tcmeJ


7/15

2 J Cetrmhu`tcme

Xjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrmes chfetcty as a warfinjtcen uect jah `jaenfh omen

bfgmrf tjcs, jmwfvfr, javcen bf`mdf a `mdbat uect wctj tjf `mjfscme ef`fssary

tm àrry mut `mdbat mpfratcmes at tjf squahrme aeh flfft ofvfo ce tjf oatf ecef-

tffetj `fetury. Xjcs `rctcào prm`fss mg `jaenf was a``mdpocsjfh by rcnmrmusfxfr`csf at sfa. Ae cequcry cetm tjf eaturf mg tjcs prm`fss ncvfs cescnjt cetm tjf

`mdbat fggf`tcvfefss mg tjf V.P. Eavy prcmr tm tjf âr mg 1:3:, as wfoo as tjf

Eavys rmof ce V.P. cdpfrcao aspcratcmes.

JcstmrcmnrapjyCe tjf yfars cddfhcatfoy gmoomwcen tjf @cvco ar, tjf eatcme was prfm`ùpcfh wctj

Rf`mestru`tcme aeh wctj tjf ce`fssaet hrcvf mg sfttofrs aeh racormahs wfstwarh

a`rmss tjf Emrtj Adfrcàe `metcefet. Mvfrsfas fxpaescme aeh buscefss mppmr-

tuectcfs wfrf mg sf`mehary cdpmrtae`f hurcen tjfsf yfars, aeh as a hcrf`t rfsuot,

em cdpftus fxcstfh tm fxpfeh rfsmur`fs me a eavy. ^jcof daey `metfdpmrarcfs

aeh jcstmrcaes aoclf scdpoy hcsdcssfh tjf pmst@cvco âr V.P. Eavy as wmrtjofss,

oatfr jcstmrcaes javf me`fhfh tjat tjf wmmhfe rucscen vfssfos mg tjf 1:>9s wfrf

fxa`toy tjf fqucpdfet effhfh tm arry mut tjf Eavys prcdary dcsscme mg sjmw-

cen tjf flan aeh suppmrtcen V.P. buscefss cetfrfsts mvfrsfas.2

By tjf 1:39s, tjcs mutomml jah `jaenfh. Jcstmrcaes javf hfbatfh (aeh `me-

tceuf tm hfbatf) at nrfat ofentj abmut tjf eaturf mg tjcs `jaenfa `jc`lfe mr

fnn arnudfet abmut wjftjfr eavao mgfi`frs hfscrcen a oarnfr eavy prmdmtfhfxpaescmecsd mr wjftjfr fxpaescmecst-dcehfh pmoctc`caes aeh `cvc` ofahfrs

prmdmtfh a oarnfr eavy.0Xjcs stuhy cs `me`frefh wctj mpfratcmeao ratjfr tjae

pmoc`y dattfrs< ct cs emt wctjce tjf s`mpf mg tjcs wmrl tm metceuf tjf pmoc`y hcs-

ùsscme. Pugfi`f ct tm say tjat, by tjf 1:39s, wctj tjf Emrtj Adfrcàe `metcefet

`mequfrfh aeh tjf grmetcfr òmsfh, a `mdbceatcme mg hfscrf gmr efw darlfts

aeh tjf wjctf daes burhfe tm sjarf hfdm`ra`y aeh tjf Adfrcàe way mg ocgf

wctj ofss-gmrtueatf pfmpofs turefh tjf attfetcme mg Adfrcàes mutwarh. Xjcs

efw mutomml rfqucrfh a rfkuvfeatfh V.P. Eavy.

Xjf mrf jcstmrcfs mg tjcs eavao rfvmoutcme gmoomw twm basc` ocefs mg arnudfet.8

Xjf first cs tjfmrftcào aeh stratfnc` ce eaturf aeh `mvfrs tjf hfvfompdfet mg a

efw stratfnc` purpmsf gmr tjf V.P. Eavy. Xjf staeharh earratcvf bfnces wctj Ptf-

pjfe B. Ou`f su``fssguooy anctatcen gmr tjf fstabocsjdfet mg tjf Eavao âr @mo-

ofnf (E^@) ce 1::8. Ou`f tjfe fetc`fh Aogrfh Xjayfr Dajae tm kmce tjf gaùoty

mg tjf efw s`jmmo. Ou`f aeh Dajae bfàdf tjf uecgmrdfh ga`f mg tjf sm-àoofh

eavaocsd dmvfdfet. Xmnftjfr wctj pmoctc`caes su`j as Xjfmhmrf Rmmsfvfot aeh

Jfery @abmt Omhnf, tjfy àoofh gmr a eavy tm guofioo tjf eatcmes hfstcey, aeh

by 1:39 anrffh tjat ct sjmuoh bf a bouf-watfr eavya battof-mrcfetfh flfft mgfinjtcen sjcps.6Xjcs earratcvf typcàooy ùodceatfs ce tjf 1:39 pubocàtcme mg

Dajaes mpus, Xjf Ceflufe`f mg Pfa Ymwfr Vpme Jcstmry, 17791>:0. Ce tjat wmrl,

Dajae arnufh hf`cscvfoy gmr tjf abaehmedfet mg tjf trahctcmeao V.P. eavao


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Cetrmhu`tcme J 0

stratfny mg `mastao hfgfesf aeh `mddfr`f rachcen aeh ahvmàtfh a battof flfft

tjat `muoh prmtf`t Adfrcàe `mddfr`f aeh sfa ocefs mg `mdduecàtcme.

Xjf sf`meh ocef mg arnudfet fdpjasczfs tjf pmoctcào aeh ofncsoatcvf battofs

tjat ofh tm tjf pur`jasf aeh `mestru`tcme mg tjf dmhfre warsjcps tjat dahf uptjf Efw Ptffo Eavy. Xjcs earratcvf typcàooy bfnces wctj tjf Eavao Ahvcsmry

Bmarhs mg 1::1 aeh 1::2 aeh tjf autjmrczatcme mg tjf first gmur stffo warsjcps ce

1::0. Ct tjfe tra`fs tjf `mestru`tcme mg varcmus òassfs mg sjcps, bfnceecen wctj

ueardmrfh `rucsfrs, tjfe ardmrfh `rucsfrs, aeh ùodceatcen wctj tjf cetrmhu`-

tcme mg battofsjcps ce tjf dch-1:39s. Xjf `menrfsscmeao battofs tm sfùrf apprmvao

aeh apprmprcatcmes gmr tjf varcmus bucohcen prmnrads arf hftacofh. jcof smdf

dmemnrapjs trfat meoy mef mg tjf dace earratcvfs,7dmst mg tjf `mrf jcstmrcfs

ahhrfss tjfd bmtj. Xjf twm ocefs mg arnudfet arf hfpomyfh ce ar`s tjat cetfrsf`t

at tjf âr mg 1:3:, wjfrf tjf Eavys efw stratfnc` purpmsf aeh efwoy `me-

stru`tfh warsjcps arf tfstfh ce `mdbat.>Ae`cooary jcstmrcfs:fxpomrf stru`turao

aeh chfmomncào aspf`ts mg tjf `jaenfs uehfrnmef by tjf eavao mgfi`fr mrps3aeh

tjf feocstfh gmr`f,19mr tjf `jaenfs wrmunjt by efw tf`jemomncfs.11

Xjf trahctcmeao earratcvfs arf guehadfetaooy ce`mdpoftf. Emef ahhrfssfs tjf

`ru`cao qufstcmes mg tjf prm`fss mg hfvfompcen a duotcsjcp finjtcen àpabcocty.12

^ctj gfw fx`fptcmes, vfry octtof cs sach ce aey mg tjfsf jcstmrcfs abmut tjf hay-tm-

hay mpfratcmes mg tjf Eavy wjcof fenanfh ce tjcs nfefratcme mg traesctcme grmd

`rucscen tm tjf battof ocef.10

Cg mpfratcmes arf ahhrfssfh, tjfy arf oarnfoy hcsdcssfhas a rantan `moof`tcme mg sjcps japjazarhoy `rucscen armueh tm varcmus pmrts gmr tjf

purpmsf mg prmtf`tcen Adfrcàe buscefssdfe aeh tjfcr prmpfrty.18Dajae aeh jcs

battofsjcps tjfe arrcvf me tjf s`fef, suc nfefrcs, kust ce tcdf tm finjt tjf battofs mg

Daecoa Bay aeh Paetcanm hf @uba. Xjcs apprma`j tm V.P. eavao jcstmry `rfatfs a

boa`l bmx16ce wjc`j tjf wmmhfe eavy mg tjf rucscen fra cs fetfrfh ce mef feh

aeh tjf Efw Ptffo Eavy dancàooy appfars grmd tjf mtjfr feh ce tcdf gmr tjf ar

mg 1:3:. Xjf nfefratcme-omen strunnof mg tjf mpfratcmeao Eavy tm rf-`rfatf ctsfog cs

fetcrfoy dcsscen. Xjcs cnemrfs tjf `ru`cao hfvfompdfet mg tjf hm`trcef, ta`tc`s, aeh

jcfrar`jy mg `mddaeh ef`fssary gmr a eavy tm pmssfss a truf duotcsjcp finjtcen

àpabcocty. Xjf mrnaeczatcme tjat gmunjt tjf war was emt ae cefvctabof mut`mdf.

Xjf prm`fss mg mrnaeczatcmeao jaenf tjat prmhu`fh a tracefh mdbat squahrme mg

ardmrfh sjcps, aeh tjat squahrmes `mdbat fggf`tcvfefss tjrmunjmut tjf traesgmr-

datcme, cs tjf subkf`t mg tjcs stuhy.

Ct àe bf arnufh tjat ta`tcào mpfratcmes hurcen tjcs pfrcmh javf bffe rcnjt-

guooy hffdpjasczfh by eavao jcstmrcaes wjm javf nrappofh wctj oarnfr qufstcmes

mg stratfny aeh pmoc`y. Jmwfvfr, jcstmry cs ae attfdpt tm uehfrstaeh tjf tjmunjt

prm`fssfs mg tjmsf wjm javf nmef bfgmrf, tm rf-`rfatf emt meoy tjfcr fxpfrc-fe`fs but aosm jmw tjfy `me`fptuaoczfh tjfsf fxpfrcfe`fs.17Xjus ct rfdaces

tm omml past tjf pmoc`y hfbatfs aeh fxadcef tjf mpfratcmeao rf`mrhs mg tjf

Eavy mg 1:>83>. Ce hmcen sm, tjf jcstmrcae àe try tm rf`mvfr wjat ct was tjat


9/15

tjfsf eavao mgfi`frs wfrf attfdptcen tm hfvfomp. Fvfe tjmunj tjf sjcps tjfy

`mddaehfh wfrf ueardmrfh aeh jah bffe hfscnefh gmr a eavao stratfny mg

`mddfr`f rachcen, tjf ga`t tjat tjf Eavy Hfpartdfet hfscrfh tjf àpabcocty

tm fenanf ae fefdy ce ocef-mg-battof gmrdatcme, aeh rfpfatfhoy mrhfrfh tjcsàpabcocty pra`tc`fh wjfefvfr ae mppmrtuecty prfsfetfh ctsfog, sunnfsts cdpfrcao

aeh fxpaescmecst tfehfe`cfs ce tjf Vectfh Ptatfs prcmr tm tjf 1:39s. Xjat rctcào

hfàhf ce V.P. jcstmry àe meoy bf uehfrstmmh ce tjf `metfxt mg tjf prf`fhcen

jaog-`fetury.1>Xm tjf fxtfet tjat tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme was bf`mdcen

ofss ae ahdcecstratcvf `moof`tcme mg sjcps aeh dmrf ae cetfnratfh `mdbat uect, ct

àe bf arnufh tjat fxpaescme aeh pmsscbof `meflc`t wctj Furmpfae pmwfrs was

bfcen `me`fcvfh as faroy as 1:>8. Ce tjcs way, ae cequcry cetm tjf `mestru`tcme mg

tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrmes chfetcty prmvchfs fvchfe`f ce tjf hfbatf me tjf

eaturf mg cdpfrcaocsd aeh tjf Vectfh Ptatfs.

C arnuf tjat fvchfe`f fxcsts gmr Adfrcàs mutwarh tjrust1:ce tjf hay-tm-hay

mpfratcmes mg tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme. Xjf twfety-tjrff-yfar spae stuhcfh

saw nrmwcen eudbfrs mg squahrme fxfr`csfs aeh attfdpts tm smovf tjf prmbofds

mg daefuvfrcen, sjmrt- aeh omen-raenf scneaocen, bascen stratfncfs, `maocen, aeh

ofahfrsjcp. Xjfsf prmbofds jah emt bffe `mdpoftfoy smovfh by 1:3:, but at ofast

tfe yfars bfgmrf Dajae, tm bmrrmw a pjrasf grmd Rmbfrt Pfanfr, eavao `md-

daehfrs wfrf a`tcvfoy wmrlcen tm pfrgf`t flfft ta`tcào daefuvfrcen. Ct cs fasy

tm say tjat tjf `mestru`tcme mg `rucsfrs, `mddfr`f rachfrs, dmectmrs, aeh mtjfr`ragt assm`catfh wctj ae mggfescvf hfgfesf ce tjf 1::9s cs prmmg tjat tjmsf wjm

wfrf rfspmescbof gmr eavao pmoc`y jah em hfscrf, prcmr tm tjf autjmrczatcme mg tjf

first battofsjcps ce 1::3, gmr ae mvfrsfas `mdbat àpabcocty. Ct rfdaces tm ahhrfss

tjf mpfratcmeao rf`mrh, jmwfvfr, aeh asl wjy tjfsf prmtf`tfh `rucsfrs aeh `md-

dfr`f rachfrs wfrf pfrgmrdcen flfft ta`tc`s uehfr stfad aeh scneaocen fxfr`csfs.

Ptuhycen tjf mpfratcmeao rf`mrh ae ue`mvfr tjf dchhof nrmueh bftwffe rucs-

cen rfspmescbcoctcfs tm prmtf`t Adfrcàe `mddfr`f, ocvfs, aeh prmpfrty aeh tjf

uefasy rfoatcmesjcp tjmsf rfspmescbcoctcfs sjarfh wctj prmgfsscmeao eavao mgfi`frs

attfdpts tm hfvfomp a dcoctary uect wctj finjtcen àpabcoctcfs tjat wmuoh bf usf-

guo anacest a pffr Furmpfae `mdpftctmr.

Xjf Emrtj Atoaetc` PquahrmeAs a uect mg aeaoyscs, ct cs hcgfiùot tm gmùs me tjf mpfratcmes mg aoo Eavy warsjcps

armueh tjf wmroh. Gmr tjcs rfasme, C `meschfrfh ct apprmprcatf tm sfof`t mef mg tjf

squahrmes as dmst rfprfsfetatcvf mg tjf `jaenf ce tjf Eavy as a wjmof. Xjf Emrtj

Atoaetc` Pquahrme, tjfrfgmrf, cs tjf subkf`t mg tjcs stuhy. Admen tjf `rucscen sta-

tcmes, meoy tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme was fxpf`tfh tm àrry mut twm hcstce`tdcsscmes; tjf trahctcmeao rucscen dcsscme mg prmtf`tcme mg buscefss aeh `mddfr`cao

cetfrfsts abrmah as wfoo as tjf prmtf`tcme mg tjf vctao `ctcfs mg tjf V.P. Fast @mast. 13

Cts dcsscmes, tjfrfgmrf, dmst òmsfoy rfsfdbofh Furmpfae squahrmes su`j as tjf

8 J Cetrmhu`tcme


10/15

Rmyao Eavys @jaeefo Pquahrme, wjc`j was fqucppfh wctj tjf dmst dmhfre

datrcfo. Xjrmunjmut tjf pfrcmh stuhcfh, tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme rf`fcvfh

tjf oatfst fqucpdfet first, was òmsf femunj tm tjf àpctao gmr tjf `mddaehfr ce

`jcfg tm `mesuot mgtfe ce pfrsme wctj tjf Eavy Hfpartdfet, aeh wmrlfh òmsfoywctj tjf Eavao ar @moofnf tm cdpofdfet tjf oatfst tjcelcen ce ta`tc`s. Xjf Emrtj

Atoaetc` Ptatcme was `meschfrfh tm bf a poud flan mgfi`fr asscnedfet. Mgtfe a

prmspf`tcvf `mddaehfr ce `jcfg wmuoh javf aorfahy `mdpoftfh a @ce@ tmur ce

mef mg tjf ofssfr squahrmes bfgmrf bfcen rfwarhfh wctj `mddaeh mg tjf `mvftfh

Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme. A stuhy mg tjf prm`fss mg `jaenf grmd a `rucscen eavy tm

mef tjat fxpf`tfh tm finjt ce a battof ocef wmuoh rcnjtguooy start jfrf.

At tjf òmsf mg tjf @cvco âr, tjf Eavy Hfpartdfet dmvfh tm rffstabocsj

tjf mvfrsfas `rucscen statcmes tjat jah bffe abaehmefh at tjf wars mutbrfal.

Fstabocsjfh by mrhfr mg tjf Eavy Hfpartdfet me tjf first mg Emvfdbfr 1:76,

tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme was gmrdfh by kmcecen tmnftjfr tjf Atoaetc` @mast

aeh ^fst Cehca squahrmes. At tjf tcdf mg cts gmrdatcme, Pf`rftary mg tjf Eavy

Nchfme ^foofs emtfh, Xjfsf squahrmes . . . javf, by mef mr dmrf mg tjfcr vfssfos,

hurcen tjf yfar vcsctfh efaroy fvfry prce`cpao pmrt mg tjf wmroh. Xjf vcfws mg tjf

hfpartdfet fekmcecen a`tcvcty, aeh tjf fxjcbctcme mg tjf flan mg mur eavy wjfr-

fvfr mur `mddfr`f pfeftratfh, javf bffe gactjguooy mbsfrvfh, aeh tjf rfappfar-

ae`f mg mur dfe-mg-war jas bffe wfo`mdfh, emt meoy by mur `muetrydfe, but

by tjf pfmpof mg fvfry eatcme wjc`j tjfy javf vcsctfh.29

Xjf pmstwar eatcmeaoeavao stratfny cs òfar ce tjf sf`rftarys rfdarls. Xjf Eavy was, ce tjf wmrhs mg

mef kuecmr mgfi`fr, absmrbfh ce pmoc`f huty gmr tjf Ptatf Hfpartdfet.21

Xjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme was rfspmescbof gmr twm rfncmes mg cetfesf V.P.

gmrfcne pmoc`y cetfrfst; tjf @arcbbfae aeh tjf @aeahcae fisjfrcfs. Xjf squahrme

spfet ofss tcdf aeh hfvmtfh gfwfr warsjcps tm patrmoocen tjf fisjcen nrmuehs mgg

tjf `mast mg @aeaha tjae ct hch tm tjf @arcbbfae. Jmwfvfr, tjf tmu`jy hcpomdatc`

sctuatcme surrmuehcen fisjcen rcnjts ce tjf watfrs mgg Nrfat Brctaces @aeahcae

`momecfs `mescstfetoy tjrfatfefh tjf mtjfrwcsf-cdprmvcen V.P.-Brctcsj rfoatcmes

hurcen tjcs fra. Xjf rcnjts mg V.P. fisjfrdfe jah bffe rf`mneczfh as faroy as tjf

Xrfaty mg Yarcs, wjc`j fehfh tjf Rfvmoutcmeary ar ce 1>:0. Aotjmunj V.P. fisj-

frdfe wfrf em omenfr part mg tjf Brctcsj Fdpcrf, tjfcr ocvfocjmmh rfstfh ce tjf `mh

fisjfrcfs mgg tjf `mast mg Efwgmuehoaeh, aeh V.P. efnmtcatmrs dahf rf`mnectcme mg

tjcs ga`t by tjf Brctcsj a rfqucrfdfet gmr pfa`f.

Xjcs rf`mnectcme àdf ce tjf gmrd mg Artcòf CCC mg tjf Xrfaty mg Yarcs, wjc`j

nraetfh twm tjcens tm Adfrcàe fisjfrdfe; tjf rcnjt tm fisj ce tjf watfrs mgg Efw-

gmuehoaeh aeh ce aoo mtjfr cetfreatcmeao watfrs aeh tjf ocbfrty tm `mdf asjmrf at

uecejabctfh pmcets aomen tjf @aeahcae `mast tm hry aeh prfsfrvf tjfcr àt`j. Xjcsoast prmvcscme was kust as cdpmrtaet as tjf rcnjt tm fisj ce tjf hays bfgmrf rfgrcn-

fratcme aeh dmhfre dftjmhs mg nfttcen a àt`j tm darlft. Xjcrty yfars oatfr, tjf

âr mg 1:12 àusfh `meguscme mvfr tjf anrffh-upme fisjcen rcnjts, as tjf Brctcsj

Cetrmhu`tcme J 6


11/15

nmvfredfet dacetacefh tjat tjf Xrfaty mg Yarcs jah bffe euoocfifh by tjf mutbrfal

mg jmstcoctcfs ce 1:12. Xjcs ef`fssctatfh a efw anrffdfet, tjf Gcsjfrcfs @mevfe-

tcme mg 1:1:, wjc`j stcpuoatfh dmrf prf`csfoy tjf fxa`t nfmnrapjc` bmueharcfs

wctjce wjc`j V.P. fisjfrdfe `muoh bmtj fisj aeh apprma`j tjf sjmrf tm hry aehprfsfrvf tjfcr àt`j. Ct aosm gmrbahf V.P. vfssfos grmd apprma`jcen aey mtjfr jar-

bmrs mr sfttofh arfas emt spf`cfiàooy autjmrczfh gmr aey purpmsf mtjfr tjae tm

sffl fdfrnfe`y sjfotfr, rfpacr hadanf, mr pur`jasf wmmh mr watfr. Xjf purpmsf

was tm prfvfet boa`l-darlft trahcen bftwffe V.P. fisjcen vfssfos aeh tjf @aea-

hcae daceoaeh. Xjf fieao trfaty bftwffe tjf twm eatcmes tjat ahhrfssfh fisjcen

was tjf Xrfaty mg asjcentme, scnefh ce 1:>1 tm sfttof tjf @cvco arfraAoabada

òacds. Xjf Xrfaty mg âsjcentme rfagfirdfh rcnjts gmr bmtj Adfrcàe aeh @aea-

hcae fisjfrdfe, wctj ae ahhctcmeao $6.6 dcoocme paydfet grmd tjf Vectfh Ptatfs

tm Nrfat Brctace tm `mdpfesatf gmr wjat was kuhnfh tm bf nrfatfr `me`fsscmes by

tjf Brctcsj.22

^jcof tjf `metrmvfrscfs mvfr V.P. fisjcen rcnjts ce tjf Emrtjfast m`àscmeaooy

lfpt Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme warsjcps busy patrmoocen tjf fisjcen nrmuehs, ct wcoo

bf sffe ce tjcs stuhy tjat tjf dakmrcty mg tjf mddaehfr ce jcfg s tcdf tfehfh tm

bf gmùsfh tm tjf smutj. Ce tjf @arcbbfae rfncme, tjrff jmtspmts lfpt tjf squahrme

`metceumusoy busy. Xjf csoaeh mg @uba, ofss tjae ecefty dcofs away grmd dace-

oaeh Vectfh Ptatfs, jah bffe me tjf dceh mg Adfrcàes sce`f tjf Rfvmoutcme.

Nfefratcmes mg aetfbfooud soavf mwefrs jah `mvftfh tjf csoaehs oaeh as a sctf gmrtjf fxpaescme mg soavfry aeh tjf smutjfre sm`cao aeh f`memdc` systfd. Ymstwar

fxpaescme fetjuscasts wfrf fanfr tm rfap tjf rfwarhs mg cevfstdfet ce tjf csoaehs

nrmwcen f`memdy. At ofast twm eceftffetj-`fetury ahdcecstratcmes jah attfdptfh

tm buy tjf csoaeh mutrcnjt grmd Ppace but jah bffe rfbuggfh. Cg tjf Vectfh Ptatfs

was ueabof tm mwe @uba, tjf efxt bfst aotfreatcvf was a @uba uehfr tjf `metrmo

mg a wfalfefh Ppaecsj Fdpcrf, wctj a ta`ct uehfrstaehcen uehfr tjf Dmermf

Hm`trcef tjat tjf csoaeh was emt tm bf traesgfrrfh tm aey mtjfr `momecao pmwfr. As

tjf @uba Ocbrf dmvfdfet nrfw mvfr tjf sf`meh jaog mg tjf eceftffetj `fetury,

tjf hcsmrhfr àusfh by Ppaces cefpt `momecao nmvfreae`f tjrfatfefh V.P. sfùrcty

aeh f`memdc` aspcratcmes.20

Aemtjfr csoaeh, Jactc, was a `mestaet smur`f mg uerfst. Agtfr cts cehfpfehfe`f

grmd Grae`f ce 1:98, tjf eatcmes dmstoy uestabof nmvfredfet uehfrwfet a

sfrcfs mg `mups, as tjf dcoctary, foctfs, aeh `mddfr`cao òassfs gmunjt gmr `me-

trmo. Ptabcocty ce Jactc was cdpmrtaet tm tjf Vectfh Ptatfs gmr twm rfasmes. By

tjf 1:>9s, tjf sfar`j gmr mvfrsfas darlfts jah ofh V.P. buscefssdfe tm Jactc,

wjfrf V.P. prmpfrty aeh cevfstdfets wfrf mgtfe ce effh mg prmtf`tcme. Dmrf

cdpmrtaet, tjf csoaeh mg Jcspaecmoa `metacefh fx`foofet, aeh jcnjoy `mvftfh,pmsscbof omàtcmes gmr eavao statcmes. Xjf V.P. nmvfredfet was aùtfoy awarf tjat

wjmfvfr `metrmoofh tjfsf omàtcmes `metrmoofh tjf a``fss tm tjf Cstjdus mg Yae-

ada, wctj aoo cts attfehaet `mddfr`cao aeh eatcmeao sfùrcty cdpocàtcmes. Jactcs

7 J Cetrmhu`tcme


12/15

Dof Pt. Ec`jmoas, sctf mg @moudbus oaehcen ce tjf Efw ^mroh, was mef su`j

omàtcme. Rfpfatfh attfdpts by a su``fsscme mg V.P. ahdcecstratcmes tm pur`jasf

mr ofasf Dof Pt. Ec`jmoas wfrf uesu``fssguo, but tjf `metceuao uerfst ce tjf

eatcme lfpt tjf warsjcps mg tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme busy ce aeh armuehYmrt-au-Yrce`f.28

Gceaooy, but pfrjaps dmst cdpmrtaet, was tjf cstjdus ctsfog. ^ctj tjf fxpaescme

wfstwarh mg tjf Vectfh Ptatfs, tjf a`qucsctcme mg @aocgmreca, aeh fspf`caooy tjf

hcs`mvfry mg nmoh ce 1:83, traesct a`rmss tjf cstjdus bfàdf `rctcào tm V.P. cetfr-

fsts. Fvfetuaooy a Efw Smrl racormah `mdpaey bucot a racormah a`rmss tjf cstjdus,

turecen a gmur-hay passanf cetm a tjrff-jmur trace rchf aeh dalcen tjf racormah

aeh fvfrymef fieae`caooy assm`catfh wctj ct fx`fptcmeaooy wfaotjy. Vegmrtueatfoy

gmr buscefss cevfstmrs, tjcs was ae arfa mg nrfat uerfst. Xjf `ctczfes mg Yaeada

jah attfdptfh tm sf`fhf grmd Nrae @momdbca sfvfrao tcdfs sce`f cehfpfehfe`f

grmd Ppace. Xjf mestaet ardfh uprcscens tjrfatfefh emt meoy tjf pfa`fguo traesct

a`rmss tjf cstjdus but aosm tjf prmpfrty mg tjf V.P.-`metrmoofh racormah `mdpaey.

Dfaewjcof, tjf attfdpt by tjf Grfe`j bucohfr mg tjf Pufz @aeao, Gfrhceaeh hf

Ofssfps, tm bucoh a àeao a`rmss tjf cstjdus ce tjf 1::9s racsfh qufstcmes mg Furm-

pfae ceflufe`f ce tjf ^fstfre Jfdcspjfrf. Xjf gmrdao hcpomdatc` rfoatcmesjcp

bftwffe tjf Vectfh Ptatfs aeh @momdbca was nmvfrefh by ae 1:87 trfaty tjat

nuaraetffh tjf rcnjt mg passanf a`rmss tjf cstjdus ce fx`jaenf gmr V.P. nuaraetffs

mg @momdbcae smvfrfcnety. Hurcen tjf pfrcmh mg tjcs stuhy, V.P. trmmps wmuoh oaehat Yaeada twc`f aeh Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme warsjcps wmuoh bf taslfh tm àoo

at tjf pmrt mg Aspcewaoo aodmst `metceumusoy, uehfr tjf tfrds mg tjf 1:87 trfaty. 26

Mvfrvcfw^jat gmoomws, tjfe, cs a earratcvf mg tjf mpfratcmes mg tjf V.P. Eavys Emrtj

Atoaetc` Pquahrme hurcen tjf yfars 1:>8 tm 1:3>. Xjf sfof`tcme mg tjf tcdf

gradf cs hfocbfratf. Xjcs cs a stuhy mg mpfratcmes adch `jaenfs ce stru`turf aeh

mrnaeczatcmeao chfetcty hurcen ae cetfrwar pfrcmh. Xjf @cvco âr Vecme eavy

was a dasscvf uehfrtalcen pur`jasfh aeh jastcoy bucot gmr tjf fxprfss purpmsf

mg `mdbatcen tjf @megfhfra`y aeh was oarnfoy hcsdaetofh wctjce dmetjs mg

Appmdattmx. Mtjfr tjae uehfrstaehcen tjf vfry spf`cfi` eavao stratfny tjat

Abrajad Oce`moe fdpomyfh tm wce tjf @cvco âr, tjf fxpfrcfe`f jas vfry octtof

tm say abmut tjf stratfnc` àpabcoctcfs mg tjf Eavy bfymeh tjf ofentjy smutjfre

`mastocef mg tjf Emrtj Adfrcàe `metcefet, mr cts hfscrf tm partc`cpatf ce mvfr-

sfas fxpaescme. By tjf sadf tmlfe, tjcs cs emt a battof pcf`f abmut Daecoa Bay mr

Paetcanm hf @uba. Bmtj fenanfdfets, aeh tjf ar mg 1:3:, javf em sjmrtanf mg

jcstmrcaes fanfr tm wrctf abmut tjfd ce nrfat hftaco.@japtfr 1, Xjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme, tjf Wcrncecus Aggacr, aeh tjf Bcrtj

mg Pquahrme Fxfr`csfs, 1:>81::1, first fxadcefs hfvfompdfets ce eavao ta`-

tc`s ce tjf dch-eceftffetj `fetury, cetrmhu`cen @mddm. Gmxjaoo A. Yarlfr as

Cetrmhu`tcme J >


13/15

: J Cetrmhu`tcme

tjf rf`mneczfh V.P. fxpfrt ce tjcs arfa. Ct hcsùssfs tjf pmst@cvco âr sfa aeh

sjmrf mrnaeczatcme mg tjf V.P. Eavy tjfe tures tm tjf 1:>0>8 `me`fetratcme

mg tjf warsjcps mg tjf Emrtj Atoaetc`, Pmutj Atoaetc`, aeh Furmpfae statcmes at

Lfy ^fst, Gomrcha, hurcen a war sàrf wctj Ppace. ^jfe tjrfatfefh wctj war,tjf Eavy Hfpartdfet rfa`tfh ce a daeefr tjat was fxa`toy mppmsctf tjf eavao

stratfny ct jah fdbra`fh gmr puboc` `mesudptcme. Ratjfr tjae rfcegmr`f vctao

pmrts aeh prfparf tm swffp Ppaces `mddfr`f grmd tjf sfas tjrmunj a rmbust

prmnrad mg `mddfr`f rachcen, tjf Eavy Hfpartdfet `me`fetratfh cts wmmhfe

`rucscen warsjcps aeh dmectmrs, attfdptcen tm prfparf gmr a duotcsjcp a`tcme

anacest Ppaces flfft. Xjcs sfrcfs mg fxfr`csfs was sm emtfwmrtjy tjat Rfar Ahd.

Ptfpjfe B. Ou`f, asscnefh tm tjf Ocnjtjmusf Bmarh at tjf tcdf, lfpt a `mpy mg

tjf jaehwrcttfe kmureao mg tjf flffts dmvfdfets wctj jcs pfrsmeao papfrs.27

Xjcs eavao vcscmeary rf`mneczfh, as tjcs stuhy arnufs, tjat tjf daefuvfrs mg tjf

cefgfi`cfet aeh mbsmofs`fet wmmhfe warsjcps darlfh tjf bfnceecen mg a prm`fss

mg scnecfiàet `jaenf gmr tjf Eavy. Xjf guturf `jaenf ce squahrme chfetcty cs

pfrsmecfifh by @hr. ^coocad @usjcen, tjf `mddaehcen mgfi`fr mg tjf ^ymdcen.

Xjf dmetj prcmr tm tjf fxfr`csfs, jf aeh jcs sjcp jah bffe mef mg tjf first

rfspmehfrs tm tjf àpturf mg Wcrncecus. ^jcof ce @uba, jf jah a`tfh aomef, me

jcs mwe cectcatcvf, tm prmtf`t V.P. ctczfes aeh prmpfrty mvfrsfas. A dmetj oatfr,

hurcen tjf Lfy fst fxfr`csfs, ^ymdcen stfadfh sf`meh ce a `moude mg sjcps,

wctj @usjcen talcen mrhfrs grmd tjf flan mgfi`fr ce `mddaeh. Ct cs a vcvch coous-tratcme mg tjf `mdcen `jaenf ce tjf `mnectcvf fxpfrcfe`f mg `mddaeh, bmtj

gmr tjf `mddaehcen mgfi`frs mg tjf warsjcps aeh tjf `mddaehfr ce `jcfg. 2>Ce

`japtfr 2, Xmwarh a Efw Chfetcty, 1::21:::, tjf nrmwtj ce tjf pra`tc`f mg

jmohcen squahrme daefuvfrs cs aeaoyzfh, prmvchcen fvchfe`f gmr tjf bfnceecen

mg a `jaenf ce chfetcty gmr tjf squahrme grmd ae ahdcecstratcvf mrnaeczatcme tm

a `mdbat uect. Xjf faroy fggmrts mg Rfar Ahdcrao @mmpfr tm hrcoo jcs wmmhfe

stfad vfssfos arf hftacofh, as arf Rfar Ahdcrao Kmuftts cetfrvfetcme ce Yaeada

aeh Rfar Ahdcrao Ou`fs jaehocen mg uerfst ce Jactc aeh ce tjf @aeahcae fisjcen

watfrs. Xjf oattfr part mg tjf `japtfr `fetfrs me Ou`fs ceemvatcvf vcscme gmr a

tjfmrftcào aeh mpfratcmeao partefrsjcp bftwffe tjf Eavao âr @moofnf aeh tjf

Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme. Jf jah jmpfh tm usf jcs pmsctcme as `mddaehfr ce

`jcfg mg tjf squahrme tm `mdpofdfet jcs wmrl at tjf Eavao âr @moofnf aeh

hfvfomp tjf V.P. Eavys abcocty tm finjt flfft a`tcmes. Xjf tcdf jah emt yft mdf,

jmwfvfr, gmr tjf prcdary dcsscme mg tjf squahrme tm bf rf`mneczfh as tracecen

aeh prfparatcme gmr `mdbat. Xjf Ptatf Hfpartdfet stcoo daehatfh tjf prfsfe`f

mg V.P. warsjcps tjrmunjmut tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrmes arfa mg mpfratcmes,

aeh tm jcs nrfat hcsappmcetdfet, Ou`f was rfpfatfhoy ueabof tm `me`fetratffemunj mg jcs sjcps ce mef poa`f tm `mehu`t ta`tcào fxfr`csfs.

@japtfr 0, Xjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme aeh tjf Pquahrme mg Fvmoutcme,

1::31:31, hcsùssfs tjf a`qucsctcme aeh mpfratcmeao fdpomydfet mg tjf Eavys


14/15

Cetrmhu`tcme J 3

first gmur warsjcps mg tjf Efw Ptffo Eavy, tjf sm-àoofh AB@H sjcps. Aotjmunj

tjfy wfrf `rucsfrs, tjf hf`cscme was dahf tm mpfratf tjfd as a squahrmetjf

Pquahrme mg Fvmoutcme. Ct was ofh by Rfar Ahd. Kmje N. âolfr, wjm jah

spfet tjf prfvcmus fcnjt yfars as tjf pmwfrguo `jcfg mg tjf Burfau mg Eavcna-tcme aeh Hftaco. âolfr was a ofahfr wjm hcspoayfh at me`f tjf uehfrstaehcen

mg wjat ct dfaet tm ofah a squahrme as a dcoctary uect aeh tjf ocdctatcmes tjat

flan mgfi`frs racsfh ce tjf moh Eavy ga`fh wjfe trycen tm ahapt tjfcr styof mg

ofahfrsjcp tm tjf slcoos rfqucrfh ce a efw wmroh sjapfh by stfad prmpuoscme aeh

tfofnrapj `mdduecàtcmes. âolfrs rmof ofahcen tjf Pquahrme mg Fvmoutcme cs

`metrastfh wctj Rfar Ahd. Bae`rmgt Njfrarhcs fxpfrcfe`f ce `mddaeh mg tjf

Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme hurcen tjf sadf tcdf. ^jcof âolfr ofh jcs squahrme

as a `mjfrfet uect, Njfrarhc was oarnfoy gmr`fh by varcmus `rcsfs tm daeanf jcs

warsjcps ce tjf moh-gasjcmefh dmhf, hftacocen tjfd tjrmunjmut tjf @arcbbfae

tm àrry mut Eavy Hfpartdfet taslcen. Fpctmdczcen tjf warrcmr-hcpomdat mg

bynmef yfars, Njfrarhc bfàdf pfrsmeaooy cevmovfh ce hcpomdatc` efnmtcatcmes

wctj tjf Jactcae nmvfredfet. Xjf ocdctatcmes mg tjf ce`mdpoftfoy hfvfompfh

jcfrar`jy mg `mddaeh gmr flfft mpfratcmes wfrf jcnjocnjtfh wjfe tjf twm

squahrmes dft ce Jactc ce 1:31.

Ce `japtfr 8, Xjf Ocdcts mg Ah Jm` @rcscs Rfspmesf, 1:321:38, Rfar

Ahd. Kmje N. âolfr aeh Rfar Ahd. Bae`rmgt Njfrarhc `jaenfh rmofs. âolfrs

Pquahrme mg Fvmoutcme was brmlfe up ce oatf 1:31, aeh jf fvfetuaooy bfàdftjf `mddaehfr ce `jcfg mg tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme. Jf cddfhcatfoy jah

tm `mpf wctj tjf Eavy Hfpartdfet mrhfrcen jcs warsjcps tm varcmus @arcbbfae

pmrts as `rcsfs armsf. Dfaewjcof, Njfrarhc was ncvfe `mddaeh mg tjf Pquahrme

gmr Ppf`cao Pfrvc`f aeh tjfe tjf Eavao Rfvcfw Gofft, aeh jcs ofahfrsjcp styof jah

tm bf`mdf dmrf oclf âolfrs as jf strunnofh tm hfvfomp tjf `mjfscme aeh uect

chfetcty ef`fssary gmr tjmsf gmr`fs tm àrry mut tjfcr dcsscmes su``fssguooy. Njf-

rarhcs `mddaehs prmvchfh dmrf mppmrtuecty gmr tjf hfvfompdfet mg a `me`fpt

mg duotcsjcp mpfratcmes but wfrf ocdctfh ce tjfcr abcocty tm hfvfomp tjf hm`trcef

aeh ta`tc`s ef`fssary gmr a duotcsjcp finjtcen àpabcocty. Gmrdatcme stfadcen gmr

appfarae`fs salf hch emt fquatf tm gmrdatcme stfadcen ce mdbat. Xjf japtfr

ùodceatfs wctj tjf 1:30 Cetfreatcmeao Eavao Rfvcfw ce Efw Smrl. Jfrf, ce ae

fxadpof mg tjf fggf`t eavao panfaetry muoh javf me eatcmeao chfetcty aeh puboc`

mpcecme, tjf Vectfh Ptatfs prmuhoy hcspoayfh tm tjf wmrohemt tm dfetcme cts

mwe pmpuoatcmects efw warsjcps aeh ahdcecstratcvf aeh mpfratcmeao prmwfss

ce jaehocen oarnf flfft mpfratcmes.2:Xjf urbaeczatcme trfeh tjat ofh dmrf aeh

dmrf Adfrcàes tm ocvf ce mr efar tjf eatcmes oarnf ctcfs dahf ct fascfr gmr oarnf

sfndfets mg tjf pmpuoatcme tm vcfw tjf stffo warsjcps mg tjf efw Eavy.@japtfr 6, Ou`fs Wcscme Rfaoczfh; Xjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme Pmochcfifs a

Efw Chfetcty, 1:361:3>, hfs`rcbfs jmw tjf squahrme tmml tjf dmeudfetao

stfp mg hfpomycen as a pfa`ftcdf, eme`rcscs squahrme. Ratjfr tjae spocttcen up


15/15

jcs gmr`fs gmr tjf ùstmdary wcetfr `rucsfs tjrmunjmut tjf @arcbbfae ce 1:36,

Rfar Ahd. R. ^. Dfahf ofh tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme ce vcsctcen stratf-

nc` pmrts tjrmunjmut tjf rfncme as a uect. ^jcof traesctcen grmd pmrt tm pmrt,

tjf squahrme fxfr`csfh rfnuoaroy at flfft ta`tc`s aeh scneaocen. ^jfe ce pmrt,tjf mgfi`frs dcenofh aeh tjf `rfws cehuonfh ce bmat ra`fs. Ce tjfcr jmdfpmrt

mg Efw Smrl, squahrme pfrsmeefo mrnaeczfh a bc`yòf òub aeh basfbaoo tfads.

Xjf fxtfescvf tcdf spfet stfadcen ce `mdpaey as wfoo as tjf sm`caoczatcme mg

tjf `rfws mg tjf squahrme prmvchf fvchfe`f tjat kust prcmr tm tjf mutbrfal

mg tjf Ppaecsj-Adfrcàe-@ubae ar, tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme jah talfe

me a efw chfetcty as a `mdbat uect. Xjf squahrmes gue`tcme was emt meoy tm

sfeh scenof uects tm rfspmeh tm Ptatf Hfpartdfet `metcenfe`cfs but aosm tm bf

prfparfh tm mpfratf as a squahrme ce `mdbat. Rfar Ahdcrao Dfahfs su``fss as

a squahrme `mddaehfr ce `jcfg was sjmrt ocvfh, jmwfvfr. Veabof tm ahapt jcs

`megrmetatcmeao ofahfrsjcp tm tjf `mesfesus-bucohcen daeanfrcao styof rfqucrfh

by tjf efw `mddaeh gue`tcmes, jf was gmr`fh tm rfscne jcs pmsctcme agtfr pub-

ocòy cesuotcen tjf prfschfet aeh sf`rftary mg tjf eavy.

Xjf fpcomnuf earratfs brcffly tjf a`tcmes mg tjf squahrme hurcen tjf Battof

mg Paetcanm hf @uba. ^jcof rf`mneczcen tjat tjf a`tcme at Paetcanm was emt a

truf flfft fenanfdfet, ct emeftjfofss prmvchfs a vfeuf tm rfflf`t me tjf Emrtj

Atoaetc` Pquahrme wctj rfspf`t tm tjf hfvfompdfet mg a stratfnc` purpmsf gmr a

battof flfft, tjf hfvfompdfet mg a `me`fpt mg duotcsjcp mpfratcmes, aeh tjf tfstce `mdbat a`tcme mg a duotcsjcp finjtcen àpabcocty, as wfoo as `jaoofenfs yft tm bf

mvfr`mdf ce tjf arfa mg strmen pfrsmeaoctcfs aeh uecfifh flfft `mddaeh. ^jcof

tjf Emrtj Atoaetc` Pquahrme jah hfvfompfh aeh hfdmestratfh a prmtfae `md-

bat àpabcocty, tjf prm`fss mg bf`mdcen a battof flfft was ce`mdpoftf. Ct awactfh

stru`turao hfvfompdfets ce tjf faroy twfetcftj `fetury, su`j as tjf fstabocsjdfet

mg a flfft jcfrar`jy mg mddaeh. A battof flfft aosm rfqucrfh a me`fpt mg duotc-

sjcp mpfratcmes tjat fxfr`csfh a finjtcen àpabcocty ratjfr tjae gmrdatcme hcs`c-

pocef nfarfh tmwarh appfarae`fs. Emeftjfofss, fxtfescvf aeh scnecfiàet prmnrfss

jah bffe dahf tmwarh tjf rfaoczatcme mg tjcs nmao prcmr tm tjf ar mg 1:3:. Xjat

prmnrfss cs tjf gmùs mg tjcs stuhy.

19 J Cetrmhu`tcme

sneak peek: home squadron: the u.s. navy on the north atlantic station

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