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Guideline for Fuel Saving MeasuresReturn on Investment Calculator

for Bulk Carriers

Content

14 October 2011 By SDARI and DNV

• Introduction• 14 Fuel Saving Measures• Return on Investment Calculation• Advisory Services• Concluding remarks

Tough market

The cost of fuel has increased drastically the last year

Most analysts indicate further increase in fuel oil prices

Market conditions are challenging, with low charter rates in the bulk carrier segment

The outlook is not positive, considering the large number of bulk carriers in the orderbook

Being able to cut cost, e.g. by saving fuel may be the

differentiator needed to stay in business!


FREIGHT RATES

BUNKER PRICES

5-10% fuel saving potential

Fuel is currently between 60% - 70% of a bulk carriers total operating expenses

DNV presented the abatement curves in 2009, which identified a large potential in the area “Propulsion Efficiency Devices” .

This project hasconcludedthat fuel saving of up to 5-10% canbe achieved

14 October 2011

Average marginal CO2 reduction cost per option - Bulker

Baseline: 348 mill tonnes per year

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-50

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50

100

150

200

250

300

0 50 100 150 200

CO2 reduction (million tons per year)

Co

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ton

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Voyage execution

Engine monitoring

Contra-rotating propellers

Propulsion efficiency devices

Trim/draftPropeller condition

Frequency convertors

Air cavity/lubrication

Weather routing

Hull condition

Reduce auxiliary power

Kite

Speed reduction (port efficiency)

Cold ironing

Exhaust gas boilers on aux (not shown)

Fixed sails/wings

Speed reduction (fleet increase)

Fuel cells as aux engineLight system

Electronic engine control

Gas fuelled

Waste heat recovery

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Solar panel (not shown)Wind generator (not shown)

By SDARI and DNV

A jungle of fuel saving measures

A NUMBER OF DEVICES ON THE MARKETMany questions are raised:

• How does the device work?

• Are different devices compatible?• Will the yard have capability to install?

• What is the reduction in fuel consumption?

• How much will a certain device cost?• How can cost/benefit be calculated?


Mewis duct

Becker Marine Systems

Energopac

Wärtsilä

Wake equalizing duct

Schneekluth

Contra-rotating propeller

Wärtsilä and IHI Marine Utd.

Propeller Boss Cap Fin

MOTech

A Guide through the jungle

SDARI and DNV have worked together in a joint project to produce a detailed guideline covering:

•Description, including compatibility•Requirements from classification

•Complexity of manufacturing

•Range of expected fuel saving•Expected maintenance needs

•Indication of price range

Describes fourteen of the most relevant fuel saving measures.

An independent guideline, of the most relevant measures, covering the important aspects


Content



Scope of Guideline

Mewis Duct


We are covering the most important issues for a number of different fuel saving measures and in the following a brief description of each measure will be given

Pre-swirl stator

Propeller nozzle

Propeller boss cap fins

Contra-rotating propeller

Propeller rudder transition bulb

Pre-duct

Also considered are: - Rudder profile- Propeller design- Hull shape- Main engine- Auxiliary engine

- Waste heat recovery system

- Openings –arrangement and design

Mewis duct

• Design:– Vertically offset mounted duct – Integrated asymmetric fin– The MD should be optimized for the given

ship

• Class requirements– The connection to the hull structure will be

evaluated– For ice classed vessels special consideration

are required

• Manufacturing:– May, according to inventor, be retrofitted

without changes to the propeller

• Compatibility:


Installed Mewis Duct

Mewis duct

• Effect: – Wake equalizing duct gives improved wake

flow characteristics– Pre swirl fins give improved tangential inflow

speeds to the propeller

• Saving potential: – 5-8% of power

• Means of validation:– Model tests– Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)– Full-scale trials

• Cost:– 170-290 kUSD, depending on ship size– Design cost of 140 kUSD per series


CFD plots in plane after Mewis duct and before propeller. Courtesy of Becker Marine Systems

Link to overview of fuel saving measures


• Design:– Consists of small fins attached to the

propeller hub– Number of fins equal to the number of

propeller blades– The propeller cap turbine is a proposed

improvement, with curved blades

• Class requirements:– No specific requirements

• Manufacturing:– Installed instead of a normal cap– Yard must consider strength of connecting

bolts and clearance to the rudder

• Compatibility:


Propeller boss cap fins (PBCF)


• Effect: – Recovers the energy from the rotating fluid coming of the propeller hub– Reduces the hub vortex generation – Reduces risk of cavitation– Increased overall propeller efficiency

• Saving potential: – 2-4% of power

• Means of validation:– Model tests– CFD

• Cost:– From 67 (Handy size) to 170 (205K DWT) kUSD – Design cost of 72 kUSD per series


Link to overview of fuel saving measures

Compatibility Summary


Content



Return on Investment Calc.

The characteristics of the fuel saving measures is entered, based on information in the Guideline

Investment cost is a required input while maintenance cost and re-sale impact are optional



An operating profile is entered, and there are two alternatives for specifying fuel consumption:

Alt. 1 – specifying

•ME size, •MCR and

•SFOC

or the simpler

Alt. 2 – only specifying ton/day



Several fuel price scenarios can be entered and used in the analysis:

•High•Medium

•Low

•Custom


Bulk carrier example

Fuel Consumption •32 tons/day laden

•25 tons/day in ballast

Based on information in the guideline:

•Propeller Boss Cap Fins is selected•Est. reduction in fuel consumption:3% laden / 2% ballast•Est. investment cost USD 47 000 / ship

•Est. maintenance cost USD 5000 / ship

Conservative fuel price scenario, starting at 550 with an annual growth of 2%

Selected numbers are only for illustration


Profitable after 5 months!

Estimated fuel saving 228 tons / yr.

USD 47,000 investment gives a

net present value: USD 269’ USD

Cash flow plot shows that the measure is profitable after 5 months

Cost sensitivity is also calculated, to take into account possible cost over runs, showing that with a 40% over run, it still becomes profitable in less than a year!

Selected numbers are only for illustration


.. and Emission Reductions

Emission reductions are also calculated – based on standard IMO values

The reductions are estimated for:•CO2

•SOx

•NOx

•Particle matters (PM)

In Appendix 2, in the report, the details on the ROI tool is described


Content



© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.

Fuel saving measures

10 August 2011

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Level 1Fuel saving measures – Screening and Return on Investment

� Deliverables- Short list of recommended fuel saving measures – typically 3-4

- Return on Investment calculation for selected measures

� Scope of work- Apply Guide and Return on Investment tool for fuel saving measures to

prepare a short list of measures with high potential for saving and / or short payback time

- The assessment considers the ship characteristics and operation

� Input- Ship main dimensions, engine power, type of propulsion, rudder and possible

appendages

- Ship operational profile

- Nice to have: Any other available data like model test results and engine characteristics



10 August 2011

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Level 2Fuel saving measures – Recommended fuel saving strategy

� Deliverables- Updated estimate of saving for selected measures- Recommended strategy for fuel saving, which could include one

or more measures

� Scope of work- Obtain detailed information regarding saving potential, installation

and maintenance cost for the short list of measures. This includescontacting suppliers and a thorough review of availabletechnical data

- Optional risk assessment or technology qualification may becarried out for measures with limited operational history for thesubject vessel type and trade

- A more accurate Return on Investment analysis is carried out for the selected measure

� Input- Short list of fuel saving measures- Other relevant input from the owner, e.g. previous experience with fuel saving measures,

cooperation with or preference for specific yards or suppliers



10 August 2011

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Level 3Validation of fuel saving by analysis

� Purpose- Validate fuel saving and optionally provide speed power curve

� Deliverables- Calculated fuel saving for selected measure- Optional speed power curves with and without installed measure

� Scope of work- Calculation of required power by modeling a self propelled ship in calm water for a number of

speeds by computational fluid dynamics at full scale- Determine speed power curves both for original and modified vessel

� Input- Detailed geometrical description of the ship hull, propeller and appendages, as well as

selected fuel saving measure- Relevant selection of combinations of speed and draft / trim to assess savings (based on

operational profile)


Hydrodynamic Analyses for Ship Performance Predictions

14 December 2010

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Level 4Trim Optimization� Purpose:

- Calculate how the hull resistance is influenced by differnent trim and drafts

� Deliverables: - A) Trim Recommendation table (Avoid/Fair/Good)- B) Onboard trim optimization tool

� Scope of Work- Advanced CFD calculation for analyzing changes in wave-making resistance and in

frictional resistance and comparison to even keel base case.

� Input- Hull Geometry and Loading Manual- Operational profile: speed and loading conditions

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Contact

Please contact your local Customer Service Manager or DNV Maritime Advisory / [email protected] for a quote.


Content



Disclaimer


The Guideline for the Fuel Saving Devices and the Return of Investment Calculator (the "SDARI and DNV Products") are developed by SDARI and DNV and provided to our clients free of charge. We have taken all reasonable care in the development of the SDARI and DNV Products, but SDARI / DNV cannot guarantee that the SDARI and DNV Products will function error free or that estimated fuel savings will be met. Therefore, SDARI and DNV disclaim any responsibility, liability and consequences in relation to the use of the SDARI and DNV Products.

© SDARI and DNV

Concluding remarks

We believe this Guideline and the Return on Investment calculator will be useful in our clients endeavours to save fuel and reduce shipping’s

environmental impact, and we therefore offer it free of charge to our clients.


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Safeguarding life, property and the environment

www.dnv.com

sname dnv guideline for fuel saving pres - rev1c short.pdf

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