snake bite intro

7/30/2019 Snake Bite intro

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Abhishek Kr Mishra

090201577(209)

1. Epidemiology

2. Indian venomoussnakes

3. Snake Venom

4. Poisonous Vs. Non -

poisonous Snakes.

5. Positive identificationsand diagnosis.


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world wide > 5 million bites annually ofwhich 2 lakh are reported in India .

> 1,25,000 deaths by venomous snakes ofwhich 15,000 to 20,000 deaths in India.

Males: females = 2:1

Majority of bites (40%): lower limbs.

50% of bites by venomous snakes are dry

bites. That result in negligible envenomation.


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In India, 240 species of snakes are present of which 52 are

poisonous.

Northern India : Elapids are common

most bites are by cobra, krait. Southern India : Vipers, King Cobra : Agumbe Rainforest

Research station.

Class Common in India Venom

Elapidae Cobra, Kraits Neurotoxic

viperidae Russells viper, sawscaled viper,Pit viper

Haemotoxic

Hydrophidae Sea Snakes Myotoxic


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INDIAN COBRA COMMON KRAIT

Fatal period 8 h Fatal period :18 h

Flaccid paralysis and local necrosis.


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Saw Scaled Viper Russels ViperFatal period : 3 days Fatal period : 5 days

Coagulaopthy, shock, renal damage, cardiotoxicity,local necrosis.


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Toxic saliva secreted by modified parotid salivaryglands of venomous snakes.

Cocktail of enzymes, low molecular wt.polypeptides, glycoprotein's and metal ions.

Acidic & Water soluble. On drying gives fine needle like crystals.

Lethal Dose: Cobra 0.12 g, Krait-0.06 g, Russell'sViper-0.15 g.


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Component Action/effectHyaluronidase Local tissue

destruction

Phospholipase A2 Myotoxic

Cardiotoxic

Neurotoxic

Increases vascularpermeability

Proteases haemolysis

Alpha/BetaBungarotoxin

Cobrotoxin

Post synapticinhibition


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Poisonous Vs. Non poisonous

Usuallystout & dullcolored.

Head usuallytriangularin shape.

Head scales : small

Belly scales arebroad.

Tail : flattened orrounded

Usuallyslender andbrightly colored.

Head usually rounded oroval.

Head scales usuallylarge.

Belly scales are small.

Tail : Usually rounded.


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Poisonous Non poisonous

Fangs : A pair ofhollowfangs like hypodermicneedles.

Multiple Short and solidteeth present.


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Large scales on head.

Hood with a spectacle or monocle mark 3rd supralabial shield touches eye and nose

shield.

Relatively small and grooved fangs.


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Bands on the back. Central row of scales

on back.

Scales on undersurfaceof tails.

4th infralabial scales is

largest of all infralabials.

Relatively small fangs.


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Triangular head with small scales.

V mark on the head with apex pointing forwards. 3rows of diamond shaped patches on the back

Relatively channelized long fangs.


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Triangular head with

small scales White arrow mark on the

head.

Wavy line on each flank.

Scales of body serrated. Relatively channelized

long fangs.


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Usually dull colored (Brown, Black, Grey) Stout body with abruptly compressed and

tapering tail Broad belly scales extending entire width of

belly Small scales on triangular head. Pit between eye and nostril. Presence of hood with or without markings Presence of fangs


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snake bite intro

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