sna practical file.doc

8/9/2019 SNA practical file.doc

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/************************* PRACTICAL NO. 1 ***********************/

Aim: ~ Familiarize with UNIX / Linux l !!in! / l ! ut an"#im$le % mman"# .

The r&: ~

Unix is one of the most popular multi ' u#er , time#harin! operating system. It is a product of AT ( T)# *ell La+ rat r& . Ken Thompson of the research group at AT &Ts Bell La oratory, later !oined y "ennis #itchie, in the late $% 's de(eloped thefirst (ersion of ) I+. The first (ersion of ) I+ as a single user system for theP,P ' - and as ritten in a##em+l& lan!ua!e . Because of ritten in assem lylanguage one of the ma!or limitation of the ) I+ operating system is its $ rta+ilit& .To o(ercome this pro lem Ken Thompson designed a ne language * in 10- . The-B language as a simplified (ersion of another high le(el language *CPLdesigned y 2artin Ri%har"# at Cam+ri"!e Uni3er#it& . But unfortunately * astoo specific and could deal ith only specific pro lems. After this #itchie designedanother ne language C in 10-4 y inheriting the feature of * and *CPL andadded some of his o n features. After the de(elopment of language, oth "enis#itchie and Ken Thompson rite the ma!or portion of ) I+ 50 67 in C language.After that the pro lem of porta ility in ) I+ is remo(ed. 0any features of ) I+such as file system, command interpreter 1the shell2 as a user process, the use of separate process for each command, and many other features came directly from2ULTIC8 52ulti$lexe" In9 rmati n an" C m$utin! 8er3i%e#7. . The initialspelling of this system is UNIC8 5Uni$lexe" In9 rmati n an" C m$utin!8er3i%e#7. After some days, the spelling of ) I 3 as modified to ) I+.

L ! in: ~

4hen you startup your system, the (ery first line that you see on your monitor isL !in:

This line means that the ) I+ system is ready for you to login. 5ach user is gi(en alogin name, also referred as u#er ' i" . After entering your login name to the l !in:$r m$t , the ) I+ system prompts you to enter the pass ord as6

Pa##w r": o you ha(e to enter your pass ord. Li7e user id, each user is gi(en a uni8ue pass ord. It is your pass ord that allo s you to use this user 9 id. :our pass ordmay e selected either y system administrator or y you. In either case, it is the

pass ord y hich the system recogni;es that you are an authori;ed user to use thisuser 9 id. After accepting the correct login name and pass ord some 7ind of elcomemessage is printed on the screen.


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This means it is ready to accept your command. The command prompt is To log out, enter the command exit. 1In many cases, thecommand logout ill also or7.2 "epending on your shell, you may also e a le tolog out y t&$in! =CTRL>,? .

4hat happens ne=t depends on the place from hich you?(e logged in6

If your terminal is connected directly to the computer, the @l !in:@ promptshould appear on the screen.

If you?re using a indo system, the indo ill pro a ly close. If you ha(eadditional indo s open, you?ll need to log out or close them, too. :ou mayalso need to terminate the indo system itself.

If you ere connected to a remote computer, the system prompt from your local computer should reappear on your screen. 1That is, you?re still logged into your local computer.2 #epeat the process if you ant to log out from thelocal computer.

After you?(e logged out, you can turn off your terminal or lea(e it on for the ne=t user.

8im$le % mman"#:517 The "ate C mman": ~

The "ate command is used to display the current date and time.< "ate2 n O%t 11 -:1- I8P 1000 G ' te#t4 te#t4.%

The output ill e the detailed list of uild process.


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/ PRACTICAL NO. E /

Aim: Learnin! an" in#tallati n an" u$ ' !ra"ati n 9 LinuxO$eratin! #tem.

Intr "u%ti n: ~

Linu=, an implementation of ) I+, is an ideal operating system for po er users and programmers ecause it has een and is eing de(eloped y such people. Thede(elopment of Linu= starts from the etherlands. Linu= is a ) I+ li7e operatingsystem originally de(eloped y Linus Tor(alds, then a student a student at the)ni(ersity of @elsin7i in


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Automatic Eartition an 0anually partition ith "is7 "ruid. 3elect2anuall& $artiti n with ,i# ,rui".

It ill arn you a out the data loss 9 :es to continue initiali;ing dri(e.

Partiti n#: ~

@ighlighted


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+ 4indo 3ystemM05 "es7top 5n(ironment

Qraphical Internet4e 3er(er 9 In details added all mys8l and php options4indo s


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partition Linu= root and Linu= s ap are on.


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/*********************** PRACTICAL NO. - ************************/

Aim: ~ U#in! *a#h #hell "e3el $# #im$le #hell $r !ram#.

]hat i# 8hell 8%ri$tQ

ormally shells are interacti(e. It means shell accept command from you 1(ia 7ey oard2 ande=ecute them. But if you use command one y one, then it as a (ery time consuming

process. To o(ercome this limitation e can store this se8uence of command to text 9ile andtell the shell to e=ecute this te=t file instead of entering the commands. This is 7no as #hell#%ri$t . 3hell script defined as6

8hell 8%ri$t i# #erie# 9 % mman" written in $lain text 9ile. 8hell #%ri$t i# u#t li e +at%h9ile i# 28>,O8 +ut ha3e m re $ wer than the 28>,O8 +at%h 9ile.@

]h& t ]rite 8hell 8%ri$t Q

$. 3hell script can ta7e input from user, file and output them on screen.. )seful to create our wn % mman"# .

F. 3a(e lots of time .H. To aut mate some tas7 of day today life.V. 8tem A"mini#trati n $art can e also aut mate" .

8 me #im$le $r !ram# relate" t #hell #%ri$t#:

1. A $r !ram t $rint the name.

W %at K a a&e%h nter the namerea" namee%h ;la" t meet & u


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G. A $r !ram in whi%h we %al%ulate the area 9 re%tan!le an" %ir%le. A $r !rammerenter nl& Len!th *rea"th r re%tan!le an" Ra"iu# 9 a Cir%le.

W%at K $unit$r !rame%h nter the Len!th an" *rea"th an" Ra"iu#rea" len +re re"re%tarea ^ ex$r


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e%h The tw num+er# +e9 re #wa$$in! i#e%h


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e#a%=Ctrl B "?


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8r. N . O+ e%ti3e Tea%her #i!n .

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