smoky hill/saline river basin total maximum daily …5 flow at russell vs. wakeeney wilson lake tmdl...
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SMOKY HILL/SALINE RIVER BASIN TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD
Water Body/Assessment Unit: Wilson Lake and the Wilson Lake Watershed including Paradise Creek and Saline River (Russell)
Water Quality Impairment: Chloride
1. INTRODUCTION AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Subbasin: Upper Saline
Counties: Ellis, Ellsworth, Gove, Graham, Lincoln, Logan, Osborne, Rooks, Russell,Sheridan, Thomas, Trego
HUC 8: 10260009 HUC 11 (14): 010 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050, 060, 070) (Figure 1)020 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050, 060, 070, 080)030 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050, 060, 070, 080)040 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050)050 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050)060 (010, 020, 030, 040, 050, 060)070 (010, 020, 030, 040)
Ecoregion: Western High Plains, Flat to Rolling Cropland (25d)Central Great Plains, Smoky Hills (27a)Central Great Plains, Rolling Plains and Breaks (27b)
Drainage Area: Approximately 1,900 square miles.
Wilson Lake
Conservation Pool: Area = 8,293 acresWatershed Area: Lake Surface Area = 147:1Maximum Depth = 18 meters (59 feet)Mean Depth = 7.4 meters (24 feet)Retention Time = 1.9 years (23 months)
Designated Uses: Primary and Secondary Contact Recreation; Expected Aquatic Life Support;Food Procurement
Authority: Federal (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) and State (Kansas Dept. of Wildlifeand Parks)
2002 303(d) Listing: Smoky Hill/Saline River Basin Lakes
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Wilson Lake Watershed
Main Stem Segment: WQLS: (4), 8, and 9-part (Saline River) starting at Wilson Lake andtraveling upstream to east of the confluence with Spring Creek, East.
Main Stem Segments with Tributaries by HUC 8 and Watershed/Station Number:HUC8: 10260009
Watershed: Wilson Lake (014001)
Saline R (4) Cedar Cr (30)
HUC8: 10260009
Watershed: Paradise Creek (538)
Paradise Cr (5) Eagle Cr (6)
Paradise Cr (7)
HUC8: 10260009
Watershed: Saline R. (Russell) (011)
Saline R (8) Salt Cr (20)
Saline R (9-part) Sweetwater Cr (29)
Designated Uses: Primary and Secondary Contact Recreation; Expected Aquatic Life Support; Drinking Water; Food Procurement; Groundwater Recharge, Industrial WaterSupply, Irrigation; Livestock Watering on Main Stem Segments
2002 303(d) Listing: Wilson Watershed Streams
Impaired Use:Domestic Water Supply (Potentially)
Water Quality Standard: Domestic Water Supply: 250 mg/L at any point of domestic watersupply diversion (K.A.R.28-16-28e(c) (3) (A)
In stream segments where background concentrations of naturally occurringsubstances, including chlorides and sulfates, exceed the domestic water supplycriteria listed in table 1a in subsection (d), at ambient flow, due to intrusion ofmineralized groundwater, the existing water quality shall be maintained, and thenewly established numeric criteria for domestic water supply shall be thebackground concentration, as defined in K.A.R. 28-16-28b(e). Backgroundconcentrations shall be established using the methods outlined in the ‘‘Kansasimplementation procedures: surface water quality standards,’’ as defined inK.A.R. 28-16-28b(ee), available upon request from the department. (K.A.R.28-16-28e(c) (3)(B))
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SD GH
T R EL
RO OB
RS
LC
EW
10260009010102600090 20
10260009030102600 090 40
10260009050
102600 090 60
102600 09070
N
EW
S
Wilson Lake HUC 11s
WatershedHUC 8HUC 11LakesStreamsCounty
Figure 1
2. CURRENT WATER QUALITY CONDITION AND DESIRED ENDPOINT
Lake Monitoring Site: Station 014001 in Wilson Lake (Figure 2). Period of Record Used: Six surveys during 1988 - 2003 Elevation Record: Wilson Lake near Wilson, KS (USGS Gage 06868100)
Stream Chemistry Monitoring Site: Station 011 near Russell (Saline River)Period of Record Used: 1990 - 2003Flow Record: Saline River near Russell, KS (USGS Gage 06867000)
Stream Chemistry Monitoring Site: Station 538 near Waldo (Paradise Creek)Period of Record Used: 1990 - 2003Flow Record: Matched to flow duration for Salt C near Ada (06876700)
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%a%a
%a
TH
LG GO
SD GH
TR EL
RO OB
RS
LC
EW
Pla invilleNatoma
W akeeney
Oakley
Russell
Pa radise
538011
548
W ilsonLak e
Sa line Rv
N
EW
S
Wilson Lake TMDL Reference Map
WatershedCitiesHUC 8LakesStreamsCounty
Monitoring Stations%a Fixed#0 Rotational
Figure 2
Current Condition: There is a relatively good relationship between flow within the drainage basin ofthe Saline River and the chloride content of Wilson Lake. Large fluctuations in the amount of rainfallthat flows into Wilson Lake cause variations in the chloride concentrations. The runoff following asubstantial rainstorm is appreciably fresher than most of the baseflow of streams and can dilute thechloride concentration of the lake and stream water (Figure 12). The flood of 1993 significantlyincreased the flow at the Saline River near Russell to an annual average flow of 566 cfs (Figure 3). Thelake was replenished, and the salinity decreased. A low of 289 mg/L of chloride was seen in 1994. Indrought years, the chloride concentration can reach up to 932 mg/L (Appendix A) in Wilson Lake.
Average Chloride Concentrations in Wilson LakeDate Chloride (mg/L) Average Annual Flow at Saline Rv.
Near Russell (cfs)
6/27/1988590 22.2
8/13/1991 932 5.36/7/1994 289 85.46/24/1997 366 87.07/18/2000 412 60.37/21/2003 520 16.6
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Flow at Russell vs. WakeeneyWilson Lake TMDL
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
Flo
w (c
fs)
Russell USGS Gage 06867000 Wakeeney USGS Gage 06866900Linear (Russell USGS Gage 06867000) Linear (Wakeeney USGS Gage 06866900)
Wilson Lake, Saline River, and Paradise Creek6 Months Before Lake Sample
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
Aug-87 May-90 Jan-93 Oct-95 Jul-98 Apr-01 Jan-04 Oct-06
Date
Chl
orid
e (m
g/L
)
Wilson Lake Saline River 011 Paradise Creek 538 Saline River 548
Figure 3
Figure 4
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Chloride: WQ Site 011Saline River
0500
100015002000250030003500
3/26
/199
0
11/2
6/19
90
8/19
/199
1
3/23
/199
2
11/1
6/19
92
8/23
/199
3
5/23
/199
4
2/20
/199
5
10/2
3/19
95
5/20
/199
6
2/17
/199
7
10/1
3/19
97
11/1
6/19
98
7/19
/199
9
4/24
/200
0
12/1
9/20
00
7/30
/200
1
4/24
/200
2
12/1
8/20
02
7/30
/200
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Sample Date
Ch
lori
de
(mg
/L)
Background (2000 mg/L) Dom. Water Supply (250 mg/L) Acute (860 mg/l)
The chloride concentrations in Wilson Lake parallel the concentrations at the stream stations during thesix months prior to sampling (Figure 4). The chloride levels at the upstream monitoring station 548,Saline River near Hays, are significantly lower than the levels at the Saline River near Russell (station011) and Paradise Creek (station 538). The chloride concentration for the Saline River near Haysstation is below the water quality standard, with a mean of 169 mg/L. Concentrations over the period ofrecord for the two impaired stream stations can be seen in Figures 5 and 6. Figure 7 shows thecompliant conditions near Hays. From 1990 to 2003, the mean chloride concentrations were 762 mg/Lfor the Saline River near Russell and 621 mg/L for Paradise Creek. While always elevated, there is amarked increase in chloride during low flow periods and drought. Near Hays, the mean concentrationof chloride was 169 mg/l, and the current criterion of 250 mg/l will remain the endpoint at that location..
Figure 5
Since loading capacity varies as a function of the flow present in the stream, this TMDL represents acontinuum of desired loads over all flow conditions, rather than fixed at a single value. Sample data forthe sampling sites were categorized for each of the three defined seasons: Spring (Apr-Jul), Summer-Fall (Aug-Oct) and Winter (Nov-Mar). High flows and runoff equate to lower flow durations;baseflow and point source influences generally occur in the 75-99% range. A Load curve wasestablished for the Domestic Water Supply criterion by multiplying the flow values along the curve bythe applicable water quality criterion and converting the units to derive a load duration curve of tons ofchloride per day. This load curves represent the TMDL since any point along the curve representswater quality for the standard at that flow. Historic excursions from the water quality standard are seenas plotted points above the load curve. Water quality standards are met for those points plotting belowthe load duration curve (Figures 8 & 9).
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Chloride: WQ Site 538Paradise Creek
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3/26
/90
11/2
6/90
8/19
/91
3/23
/92
11/1
6/92
8/23
/93
5/23
/94
2/20
/95
10/2
3/95
5/20
/96
2/17
/97
10/1
3/97
11/1
6/98
7/19
/99
6/26
/00
1/22
/01
9/24
/01
6/26
/02
1/29
/03
10/1
/03
Sample Date
Ch
lori
de
in m
g/L
Background (860 mg/L) Dom. Water Supply (250 mg/L)
Chloride: WQ Site 548 Saline River near Hays
0100200300400500
Mar
-90
Mar
-91
Mar
-92
Mar
-93
Mar
-94
Mar
-95
Mar
-96
Mar
-97
Mar
-98
Mar
-99
Mar
-00
Mar
-01
Mar
-02
Mar
-03
Sample Date
Ch
lori
de
(mg
/L)
cl Dom. Water Supply (250 mg/L)
Figure 6
Figure 7
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Saline River nr RussellChloride TMDL
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Percent of Days Load Exceeded
Ch
lori
de
(To
ns/
Day
)
TMDL (250 mg/L) Spring Sample DataSummer/Fall Sample Data Winter Sample DataBackground (2000 - 860 mg/L)
Paradise Creek near WaldoChloride TMDL
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Percent of Days Load Exceeded
Ch
lori
de
(To
ns/
Day
)
TMDL (250 mg/L) Spring Sample Data Summer/Fall Sample DataWinter Sample Data Background (860 mg/L)
LA
WLA
Figure 8
Figure 9
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Saline River nr Hays Chloride TMDL
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00
1000.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percent of Days Load Exceeded
Ch
lori
de
(To
ns/
Day
)
TMDL (250 mg/L)L Winter Sample Data Spring Sample Data Summer Sample Data
Figure 10
Figure 10 displays the conditions achieving the current TMDL endpoint of 250 mg/l on the Saline Rivernear Hays. Some minor excursion is seen during low flow winter months.
Station 011: Excursions were seen in each of the three defined seasons and are outlined below. Seventy-five percent of Spring samples and 88% of Summer-Fall samples were over the domesticsupply criterion. Ninety-six percent of Winter samples were over the criterion. Overall, 86% of thesamples were over the criteria. This would represent a potential baseline condition of non-support ofthe impaired designated use, if a point of diversion for water supply was present along the river.
NUMBER OF SAMPLES OVER Chloride STANDARD OF 250 mg/L BY FLOW AND SEASON
Station Season 0 to10%
10 to25%
25 to50%
50 to75%
75 to90%
90 to100%
Cum Freq.
Station 011 nearRussell (Saline
River)
Spring 3 5 4 3 2 1 18/24=75%
Summer 2 1 4 4 0 3 14/16=88%
Winter 1 5 12 1 1 4 24/25=96%
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Station 538: Excursions were seen in each of the three defined seasons and are outlined below. Forty-eight percent of Spring samples and 83% of Summer-Fall samples were over the domesticsupply criterion. Seventy-three percent of Winter samples were over the criterion. Overall, 67% of thesamples were over the criteria. This would represent a potential baseline condition of non-support ofthe impaired designated use, if a point of diversion for water supply was present along the river.
NUMBER OF SAMPLES OVER Chloride STANDARD OF 250 mg/L BY FLOW AND SEASON
Station Season 0 to10%
10 to25%
25 to50%
50 to75%
75 to90%
90 to100%
Cum Freq.
Station 538 nearWaldo (Paradise
Creek)
Spring 0 4 0 5 2 1 12/25=48%
Summer 0 0 3 4 3 5 15/18=83%
Winter 0 2 7 5 4 1 19/26=73%
Interim Endpoints of Water Quality (Implied Load Capacity) at Wilson Lake and Stations 011and 538 over 2008 - 2012:
Current Condition and Reductions for Wilson Lake
Parameter Current Condition TMDL/Background Percent Reduction
Chloride (mg/L) 545 680 0 %
The ultimate endpoint for this TMDL will be to achieve the Kansas Water Quality Standards fullysupporting Drinking Water Use. This TMDL will, however, be phased. The current standard of 250mg/L of chloride was used to establish the TMDL. However, the discharge of saline ground water fromthe Dakota aquifer is the main source of the chloride in the surface water entering Wilson Lake. Assuch, the watershed’s main stem in Russell County and many of its tributaries have elevated chloridelevels from these natural sources. The natural background of chloride, consistently above 250 mg/L,makes achievement of the Standard unlikely for all flow conditions at Stations 011 and 538. Since theStandard is not achievable because of natural contributions to the chloride load, an alternative endpointis needed for the Saline River and Paradise Creek in Russell County.
Kansas Implementation Procedures for Surface Water allow for a numerical criterion based on naturalbackground to be established from samples taken at flows less than median in-stream flow. However,Figures 8 and 9 indicate chloride levels are elevated well above 250 mg/l at flows greater than themedian flow, as well. Figure 5 indicates the need to have a dual endpoint for the Saline River, with oneestablished for low flow, drought conditions and another for normal conditions. Under normalconditions, maintaining the chloride levels below the acute aquatic life criterion of 860 mg/l will be theprimary objective for both impacted streams. A higher concentration will be allowed at drought flowsto reflect the background levels historically seen. These specific stream criteria to supplant the current
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standard will be developed concurrent with Phase One of this TMDL following the appropriateadministrative and technical Water Quality Standards processes. The Phase Two TMDL will be basedon the future standard applied to these flows within the contributing portions of the Saline Riverwatershed to Stations 011 and 538. The Phase One endpoint of 250 mg/l will remain for the SalineRiver above the Ellis-Russell county line.
Tentative Endpoints for Stations 011 and 538
Station Low Flow Background (mg/L) Normal Flow Background(mg/l)
Station 011 near Russell (Saline River) 2000 860
Station 538 near Waldo (Paradise Creek) 860 860
Seasonal variation has been incorporated in this TMDL through the documentation of the seasonalconsistency of elevated chloride levels. Achievement of the endpoints indicates that loads are within theloading capacity of the stream, water quality standards are attained and full support of the designateduses of the stream has been restored.
3. SOURCE INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT
Background Conditions: The main source of chloride in Wilson Lake is the discharge of naturallysaline groundwater from the Dakota aquifer into the alluvial aquifer of the Saline River and then into theriver in Russell County. The saline groundwater originates from upward intrusion of saltwater from theCedar Hills Sandstone of Permian age, that underlies the Dakota aquifer in parts of central and north-central Kansas (Figure 11). The chloride content of saltwater in the Cedar Hills Sandstone in Russelland Ellis counties averages about 26,000 mg/L based on available data. The saltwater is derived fromthe dissolution of halite (rock salt). Other natural sources are small amounts of chloride in the mineralsand traces of seawater trapped in the marine bedrock of the drainage basin that are released duringweathering of the rock. Evapotranspiration consumption of water in the drainage basin and evaporationfrom the surface of streams and the lake increase the chloride concentration of the surface water.
Irrigation Return Flows: Land use and water use are expected to have caused a small long-termincrease in the chloride concentration (in comparison to conditions without these impacts) by increasingevapotranspiration consumption. Residual dissolved solids are left in a smaller volume of water becauseof reduced discharge of fresh groundwater and watertable levels from consumptive water use. Most ofthese land and water use changes are related to irrigation. However, the majority of irrigation occurswest of Wakeeney (Figure 12) and there has been no chloride impairments seen on the Saline River atWakeeney nor near Hays. The chloride impairments begin at the Ellis-Russell county line. Notably,irrigation use drops off in Russell County, coinciding with the incidence of high chloride water whichcannot be used for irrigation. Therefore, natural chloride intrusion into the ground and surface waters inthe Saline River valley of Russell County are impacting irrigation, rather than the converse situation.
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G e o lo g i c al F o r m a tio n sAL L U V I U M (K A NS AN A N D O L D E R D E P O S IT S )AL L U V I U M (P O S T - K AN S A N D E P O S I T S )CA RL I L E S HA L EDA KO T A F O R M AT I O NDU NE S AN DGR E E N H O R N L IM E S T O N E A N D GR AN E R O S S H A L EL O E S SNI O BR A R A C H A L KOG A L L AL AW AT E R B O DIE S
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%a%a
%a
TH
LG GO
S D GH
TRE L
RO OB
RS
LC
EW
538011
548
Wi lsonLa ke
Sa l ine Rv
N
EW
S
W ilson Lake Points of Diversion
Wat ershedLa ke sCount yHUC 8Strea ms
%a Fix ed Monito ring S ite
Point s of Div ersionN Groundw at erN Surfa c e W ate r
Figure 11
Figure 12
13
Stations 011, 538, and 548Wilson Lake TMDL
0
5001000
150020002500
30003500
Mar-90 Mar-92 Mar-94 Mar-96 Mar-98 Mar-00 Mar-02
Date
Chl
orid
e (m
g/L)
Station 011 Station 538 Station 548
Linear (Station 011) Linear (Station 538) Linear (Station 548)
Irrigation reports from 2003 show the following:
Water Use Statistics for Each Monitoring Site
Monitoring SitesSurface Water Groundwater 1990-2003
Area(acres)
Volume(acre-feet)
Area (acres)
Volume (acre-feet)
ChlorideConc. (mg/l)
Saline River Valley above Wakeeney (USGS est) 0 0 27,957 26,898 120
Station 548 near Hays up to Wakeeney (Saline R) 20 15 742 832 169
Station 011 near Russell (Saline River) 0 0 79 64 775
Station 538 near Waldo (Paradise Creek) 0 0 130 23 608
Chloride concentrations from Paradise Creek have remained consistent over time. Long-term chemicaldata of the Saline River near Russell shows that there is a small decrease in chloride content with time(Figure 13); this trend is not statistically significant and may be an artifact of fluctuations in flow. In general,the effects of anthropogenic sources and impacts on the chloride concentration of the river water are toosmall to be discernable in the presence of the natural factors. Climatic variations have a much greater effecton the short-term chloride concentration of the lake water than the long-term land and water use changes.The monitoring record for the watershed is insufficient to determine whether long-term climatic changes willhave a greater impact on the chloride than land and water use changes. Any high flow events will dilute thechloride content (Figure 14).
Figure 13
14
Stations 011, 538, and 548Wilson Lake TMDL
0
500
1000
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2000
2500
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3500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Flow (cfs)
Chl
orid
e (m
g/L)
Station 011 Station 538 Station 548
Linear (Station 011) Linear (Station 538) Linear (Station 548)
Figure 14
NPDES: Thirteen permitted waste treatment facilities are located within the watershed (Figure 15). Tenare non-overflowing lagoons that are prohibited from discharging. Because of the low chloride content ofthe source water for discharging municipalities, their wastewater would be act as a dilution base for thebackground levels seen on the Saline River and Paradise Creek.
Waste Treatment Plants in the Wilson Lake WatershedKansas Permit
NumberName Design Capacity
(MGD)Type Average
Chloride(mg/L)
ChlorideWLA
(tons/day)C-SH29-NO02 CAMP INN TRAILER PARK non-overflowing 4-cell Lagoon 0 0C-SH29-NO04 JOHN JONES OIL CO. TRUCK
STOPnon-overflowing 2-cell Lagoon 0 0
M-SA03-NO01 BUNKER HILL MWTP non-overflowing 2-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SA04-NO01 COLLYER MWTP non-overflowing 3-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SA10-OO01 NATOMA MWTP 0.054 3-cell Lagoon 130 0.03 M-SA12-NO01 PARADISE MWTP non-overflowing 2-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SA13-NO01 PARK MWTP non-overflowing 4-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SA14-OO02 PLAINVILLE MWTP (NEW) 0.225 4-cell Lagoon 182 0.19 M-SA15-OO01 QUINTER MWTP 0.107 3-cell Lagoon 100 0.04 M-SA19-NO01 ZURICH MWTP non-overflowing 3-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SH12-NO01 GRAINFIELD MWTP non-overflowing 3-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SH05-NO03 KDWP - WILSON PARK non-overflowing 2-cell Lagoon 0 0M-SH05-NO02 KDWP - WILSON LAKE non-overflowing 2-cell Lagoon 0 0
Since none of the municipal NPDES sites in the watershed are currently required to monitor for chloridein their effluent, average chloride concentrations for municipal sources were estimated based on the chloride
15
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#0
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#0
#0
#0#0
TH
LG GO
SD GH
TR EL
RO OB
RS
LC
EW
CAMP INN TRAILER PARK
GRAINFIELD MWTP PARK MW TPQUINTER MWTP
COLLYER MWTP
ZURICH PLAINVILLE (NEW PLANT)NATOMA MWTP
PARADISE MW TP
BUNKER HILL MW TP
KDWP - W ILSO N PARKKDWP - W ILSO N LAKE
N
EW
S
Wilson Lake NPDES Sites
WatershedHUC 8LakesStreamsCounty
#0 NPD ES Sites
of their source water. Wasteload allocations were set at concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg/l forQuinter, Natoma and Plainville, respectively.
Figure 15
Oilfield Brine: There are substantial oil fields that lie within the Saline River drainage basin. However,an evaluation of the chemistry (bromide/chloride ratios versus chloride concentration) of Wilson Lake,Saline River, and Paradise Creek waters indicates that the load of chloride derived from past oil-brinedisposal is very small in comparison with that from natural sources.
Other Factors: Discharge of water containing dissolved rock salt used for water softeners and for roadde-icing are minor contributing factors.
Contributing Runoff: The watershed’s average soil permeability is 1.4 inches/hour according to NRCSSTATSGO database. About 82.1% of the watershed produces runoff even under relatively low (1.5'’/hr)potential runoff conditions. Runoff is chiefly generated as infiltration excess with rainfall intensities greaterthan soil permeabilities. As the watersheds’ soil profiles become saturated, excess overland flow isproduced. Generally, storms producing less than 0.5"/hr of rain will generate runoff from 5.4% of thiswatershed, chiefly along the stream channels.
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4. ALLOCATION OF POLLUTANT REDUCTION RESPONSIBILITYThe source assessment has ascertained that natural chloride loading within the watershed is the primaryfactor for the excursions seen at the monitoring stations within the Wilson Lake basin.
Point and Nonpoint Sources: In the table below, under Phase One, the Wasteload and Load Allocationsare given for all the stations included in this TMDL. The total Wasteload Allocation entering Wilson Lakeis 0.24 tons per day. Under Phase Two, Load Allocations were calculated from the applicable backgroundconcentrations designated in the endpoint. Since chloride levels differ between low and normal flows, dualbackground concentrations were used at Russell.. Wasteload and Load Allocations (tons per day) of Chloride in Wilson Lake Watershed
Chloride TMDLSC548 SC011 SC538
Low Flow (90% excd) - cfs 1.6 3.6 0.6 Median Flow (50% excd) - cfs 16.7 29.2 4.4
Wasteload Allocations 0.04 0.00* 0.22
Phase One Load Allocation - Low 0.97 2.19 ** 0.36Phase One Margin of Safety - Low 0.11 0.24 *** 0.04
Phase One TMDL - Low 1.12 2.43 0.62
Phase One Load Allocation - Normal 10.15 17.74 2.67 Phase One Margin of Safety - Normal 1.13 1.97 0.30
Phase One TMDL - Normal 11.32 19.71 3.19
Phase Two Load Allocation - Low same as above 17.50 1.25Phase Two Margin of Safety - Low same as above 1.94 0.14
Phase Two TMDL - Low same as above 19.44 1.61
Phase Two Load Allocation - Normal same as above 61.02 9.20Phase Two Margin of Safety - Normal same as above 6.78 1.02
Phase Two TMDL - Normal same as above 67.80 10.44
Phase Two Concentrations 250 mg/l 2000/860 mg/l**** 860 mg/l
* represents point sources between Stations 548 & 011** cumulative load allocation from entire upstream watershed*** margin of safety is an explicit 10% off the load allocation**** 2000 mg/l at low flows; 860 mg/l at normal flows
Defined Margin of Safety: Since the majority of contribution of chloride to the Saline River derives fromnatural mineralized ground water intrusion, the Margin of Safety is explicitly 10% of calculated LoadAllocations using either the original water quality criterion or the proposed background concentrations.Additionally, a Margin of Safety is applied to the Wasteload Allocations by their calculations based onchloride concentrations in the discharger’s effluent below 250 mg/l (range 100-200 mg/l). Both of thesecalculations ensure that resulting loadings will cause the chloride content in the Saline River and ParadiseCreek to remain below the intended endpoints.
17
State Water Plan Implementation Priority: Because the impairment is due to natural geologic sources,this TMDL will be a Low Priority for implementation.
Unified Watershed Assessment Priority Ranking: Wilson Lake lies within the Upper Saline (HUC8: 10260009) with a priority ranking of 39 (Medium Priority for restoration).
Priority HUC 11s: Because of the natural geologic contribution of this impairment, no prioritysubwatersheds or stream segments will be identified.
5. IMPLEMENTATION
Desired Implementation Activities1. Monitor any anthropogenic contributions of chloride loading to the lake and streams.2. Establish an alternative background criterion.3. Assess likelihood of the lake being used for water supply and impact of elevated chloride on thatdesignated use.
Implementation Programs Guidance
NPDES and State Permits - KDHEa. Municipal permits for facilities in the watershed will be renewed after 2004 with annualchloride monitoring and any excessive chloride discharge will have appropriate permit limitswhich do not increase the ambient background levels of chloride.
Non-Point Source Pollution Technical Assistance - KDHEa. Evaluate any potential anthropogenic activities which might contribute chloride to thelake as part of an overall Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy.
Water Quality Standards and Assessment - KDHEa. Establish background concentrations of chloride for the lake, river, and tributaries.
Use Attainability Analysis - KDHEa. Consult with Division of Water Resources and Kansas Water Office on locating existingor future water supply points of diversion from Wilson Lake for drinking water usage.
Time Frame for Implementation: Development of a background level-based water quality standardshould be accomplished with the next water quality standards revision.
Targeted Participants: Primary participants for implementation will be KDHE, KWO and DWR.
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Milestone for 2008: The year 2008 marks the midpoint of the ten-year implementation window for thewatershed. At that point in time, additional monitoring data from Wilson Lake will be reexamined to confirmthe impaired status of the lake and the suggested background concentration. Should the case of impairmentremain, source assessment, allocation and implementation activities will ensue.
Delivery Agents: The primary delivery agents for program participation will be the Kansas Departmentof Health and Environment, the Kansas Water Office and the Kansas Department of Agriculture, Divisionof Water Resources.
Reasonable Assurances:
Authorities: The following authorities may be used to direct activities in the watershed to reduce pollutants.
1. K.S.A. 65-171d empowers the Secretary of KDHE to prevent water pollution and to protectthe beneficial uses of the waters of the state through required treatment of sewage and establishedwater quality standards and to require permits by persons having a potential to discharge pollutantsinto the waters of the state.
2. K.S.A. 2-1915 empowers the State Conservation Commission to develop programs to assistthe protection, conservation and management of soil and water resources in the state, includingriparian areas.
3. K.S.A. 75-5657 empowers the State Conservation Commission to provide financial assistancefor local project work plans developed to control nonpoint source pollution.
4. K.S.A. 82a-901, et seq. empowers the Kansas Water Office to develop a state water plandirecting the protection and maintenance of surface water quality for the waters of the state.
5. K.S.A. 82a-951 creates the State Water Plan Fund to finance the implementation of the KansasWater Plan.
6. The Kansas Water Plan and the Smoky Hill/Saline Basin Plan provide the guidance to stateagencies to coordinate programs intent on protecting water quality and to target those programsto geographic areas of the state for high priority in implementation.
Funding: The State Water Plan Fund annually generates $16-18 million and is the primary fundingmechanism for implementing water quality protection and pollutant reduction activities in the state throughthe Kansas Water Plan. The state water planning process, overseen by the Kansas Water Office,coordinates and directs programs and funding toward watersheds and water resources of highest priority.Typically, the state allocates at least 50% of the fund to programs supporting water quality protection. Thiswatershed and its TMDL are a Low Priority consideration and should not receive funding.
19
Effectiveness: Minimal control can be exerted on natural contributions to loading.
6. MONITORING
KDHE will continue to collect samples from Wilson Lake and at Stations 011 and 538. Based on thatsampling, the priority status will be evaluated in 2008 including application of a numeric criterion based onbackground concentrations. Should impaired status remain, the desired endpoints under this TMDL willbe refined and direct more intensive sampling will need to be conducted under specified seasonal flowconditions over the period 2008-2012.
Monitoring of chloride levels in effluent will be a condition of NPDES and state permits for facilities. Thismonitoring will continually assess the functionality of the systems in reducing chloride levels in the effluentreleased to the streams upstream of Wilson Lake.
7. FEEDBACK
Public Meetings: Public meetings to discuss TMDLs in the Smoky Hill/Saline Basin were held January7 and March 5, 2003 in Hays. An active Internet Web site was established athttp://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/tmdl/ to convey information to the public on the general establishment ofTMDLs and specific TMDLs for the Smoky Hill/Saline Basin.
Public Hearing: A Public Hearing on the TMDLs of the Smoky Hill/Saline Basin was held in Hays on June2, 2003.
Basin Advisory Committee: The Smoky Hill/Saline Basin Advisory Committee met to discuss theTMDLs in the basin on October 3, 2002, January 7, March 5, and June 2, 2003.
Milestone Evaluation: In 2008, evaluation will be made as to the degree of implementation which hasoccurred within the watershed and current condition of Wilson Lake. Subsequent decisions will be maderegarding the implementation approach and follow up of additional implementation in the watershed.
Consideration for 303(d) Delisting: The lake will be evaluated for delisting under Section 303(d), basedon the monitoring data over the period 2008-2012. Therefore, the decision for delisting will come aboutin the preparation of the 2012 303(d) list. Should modifications be made to the applicable water qualitycriteria during the ten-year implementation period, consideration for delisting, desired endpoints of thisTMDL and implementation activities may be adjusted accordingly.
Incorporation into Continuing Planning Process, Water Quality Management Plan and theKansas Water Planning Process: Under the current version of the Continuing Planning Process, the nextanticipated revision will come in 2004 which will emphasize revision of the Water Quality ManagementPlan. At that time, incorporation of this TMDL will be made into both documents.
20
Recommendations of this TMDL will be considered in Kansas Water Plan implementation decisions underthe State Water Planning Process for Fiscal Years 2004-2008.
Bibliography
Liscek, Bonnie C. Methodology Used in Kansas Lake TMDLs [web page] Jul. 2001;http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/tmdl/eutro.htm [Accessed 30 September 2002].
Whittemore, D. (1 Jul 2003). Wilson Lake/Saline River Cl & SO4 TMDLs
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Appendix A - Boxplots
9/15/04