Smoking

Learning Targets:

• I can explain how nicotine affects the body.• I can identify two other dangerous substances

in tobacco smoke. • I can describe the long term health risks of

tobacco use. • I can describe the benefits of quitting tobacco

use.

Smoking Facts:• Statistics (from the Centers for Disease Control and the American

Cancer Society) • Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of

premature death in the United States. Each year, more than 400,000 Americans die from the effects of cigarette smoking. In fact, one in every five deaths in the United States is smoking related.

• Cigarettes are responsible for more deaths in America than alcohol, car accidents, suicide, AIDS, homicide, and illegal drugs put together.

• On average, someone who smokes a pack or more of cigarettes each day lives seven years less than someone who never smokes.

Smoking + Lung Cancer = Pre-Mature Death

Health Stats This graph shows how the percentage of 10th graders and 12th graders who smoke has changed.

What does this graph reveal about the popularity of smoking among high school students?

Tobacco Poster Child

Top Ten Facts: Sunny Side of Truth

• Sodium hydroxide is a caustic compound found in hair removal products. It’s also found in cigarettes.

• Human sweat contains urea and ammonia. So do cigarettes. • In 1988, one tobacco company brainstormed the idea of a

colored cigarette to " enhance wardrobe. "

Top Ten Facts: Sunny Side of Truth• In 1996, the tobacco industry said that drinking one to two glasses

of whole milk a day was riskier than second-hand smoke. • In 1997, a tobacco CEO said that if it was proven to his satisfaction

that cigarettes cause cancer, he’d probably shut (the company) down immediately to get a better hold on things. Their website now admits that cigarettes cause cancer, but they’re still open for business.

• In 1971, when one tobacco executive was reminded that smoking can lead to underweight babies, he said, " some women would prefer smaller babies. "

Harmful Chemicals in Cigarettes:

Each puff of cigarette smoke has in over 4000 chemicals, 50 of which we know cause cancer!!!And did you know that Nicotine, the addictive ingredient of cigarettes is used in agriculture as an insect killer?Each drag you take on a cigarette also has in the following household chemicals you may find familiar:

Acetone = Wall paint stripper. Arsenic = Ant poison. Ammonia = Floor and toilet cleaner. Butane = Lighter fluid. Carbon Monoxide = Car exhaust. DDT = Insecticide. Methanol = NASA fuel. Naphthalene = Moth balls. Nicotine = Insecticide and weed killer. Vinyl Chloride = PVC pipes.

What is found in Cigarettes?Urea:(found in urine) is added to cigarettes to make the smoke seem smooth. Urea also increases the amount of nicotine that you take into your bloodstream.

Formaldehyde:Primary chemical found in Embalming Fluid

Ammonia:Common chemical found in household cleaners; smooths the tobacco and increases absorption of nicotine

Stimulants are drugs that increase the activity of the nervous system.

Nicotine and the Body

Once in the blood, nicotine reaches the brain within seconds.

By mimicking neurotransmitters, nicotine affects breathing, movement, learning, memory, mood, and appetite.

Nicotine Addiction:

One cigarette gives you about 10 puffs, and each inhale delivers a jolt of nicotine that reaches your brain within 7 seconds, faster than any other delivery method.

Now there's your brain, stimulated to produce powerful chemical messengers, chief amongst them being norepinephrine, which regulates alertness and arousal.

Then there's dopamine, which is part of your brain's pleasure mechanism, also achieved by many other ways, including exercise, and don't forget beta-endorphin, to lessen anxiety and pain.

All in all, you are in the addictive grip of a series of repeated pleasure "hits." Sort of mildly smiley, unworried, alert relaxation. With each hit you reinforce the seemingly positive experience, and smoking becomes a habitual part of your life. Thus, Nicotine Addiction has occurred!

The major short-term effects of nicotine use are increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and changes in the brain that may lead to addiction.

Nicotine’s Short-Term Effects

First-time tobacco users may experience mild signs of nicotine poisoning, which include rapid pulse, clammy skin, nausea, and dizziness.

In frequent users, nicotine stimulates the area of the brain that produces feelings of reward and pleasure.

Effects of NicotineNervous System• Increases activity level• Mimics neurotransmitters• Decreases some reflex actions• Activates the brain’s

“reward pathway”

Respiratory System• Increases mucus

production• Decreases muscle action

in the lungs’ airways• Causes breathing to

become more shallow

Cardiovascular System• Increases heart rate and the

force of contractions• Increases blood pressure• Reduces blood flow to skin• Increases risk of

blood clotting

Digestive System• Increases saliva

production• Decreases the amount of

insulin released from the pancreas

• Increases bowel activity

Ongoing use of nicotine causes the body to develop a tolerance to nicotine.

Nicotine Addiction

The time it takes to become addicted depends on several factors including genetics, frequency of use, and age.

Studies show that teens become addicted faster and more intensely than adults.

As tolerance increases, nicotine addiction develops.

Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include

Nicotine Withdrawal

headaches

irritability

difficulty sleeping

inability to concentrate

intense nicotine cravings

Withdrawal effects may begin as soon as 30 minutes after the last dose of nicotine.

Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals.

Other Dangerous Chemicals

In addition to nicotine, two of the most harmful substances in tobacco smoke are tar and carbon monoxide.

The dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns is known as tar.

Tar

Short-term effects of tar

brown stains on fingers and teeth

smelly hair and clothes

bad breath

paralysis of cilia lining the airways

increased number of respiratory infections

impaired lung function

Tar contains many chemicals that are known carcinogens, or cancer-causing agents.

When substances—including tobacco—are burned, an odorless, poisonous gas called carbon monoxide is produced.

Carbon Monoxide

Once inhaled and absorbed into the blood, carbon monoxide binds to the hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells in place of oxygen.

Red blood cells cannot transport as much oxygen as the body cells need.

• Passive Smoke:– Breathing in the smoldering smoke of a pipe, cigar, cigarette, or a joint

• Mainstream Smoke:– Directly inhaling a smoked substance

• Secondhand or Sidestream Smoke:– Directly inhaling the exhaled smoke of the person that is smoking

Smoking and Pregnancy:Effects of smoking on the Newborn:Cigarette smoking is one of the most dangerousactivities to do during pregnancy. Chemicals fromcigarette smoke are passed to your unborn baby.These chemicals decrease the amount of oxygenand food available to the growing fetus, and increasesthe risk for the following health problems:

Underdeveloped lungs Lower birth weight and size Developmental of health problems (delayed speech, cerebral palsy, visual and hearing difficulties, learning disabilities and respiratory problems) Increased risk for developing ADD and ADHDSudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Increased fetal blood pressure Stillbirth Miscarriage Asthma Hyperactivity

Is Your Baby Smoking?

                       

        Help them quit before they are born. . .

Cells that line the respiratory tract have hairlike extensions called cilia.

Respiratory Diseases

Tar sticks to the cilia, prevents them from moving, and damages them over time.

Tobacco smoke and other accumulating toxins irritate the lining of the bronchi.

Diseases

• Chronic bronchitis. There are many bronchial tubes in the lungs that branch out like an upside-down tree. In a smoker’s lungs, the chemicals from tobacco build up in these tubes, blocking or thinning the airways. This makes it difficult to breathe and get oxygen into the lungs.

• Activity #1

Diseases

• Emphysema. At the end of these tubes are alveoli, or tiny air sacs, that look like bundles of grapes. When you breathe, air fills these sacs and releases oxygen into your blood. The same dangerous tobacco chemicals that block the bronchial tubes can also destroy the alveoli. With fewer sacs to fill, your lungs do not get enough oxygen.

• Activity #2

The combined effects of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide force the cardiovascular system to work harder to deliver oxygen throughout the body.

Cardiovascular Disease

Tobacco use raises blood pressure.

Studies show that the chemicals in tobacco smoke increase blood cholesterol levels and promote atherosclerosis.

Nicotine increases the blood’s tendency to clot.

Tobacco use is a major factor in the development of lung cancer, oral cancers, and several other cancers.

Cancer

Many factors influence a tobacco user’s risk of developing cancer.

when the person started using tobacco

how much tobacco the person has used

how often the person is exposed to other people’s smoke

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for both women and men.

Lung Cancer

Scientists estimate that more than 85 percent of all deaths caused by lung cancer are related to smoking.

By the time most lung cancers are diagnosed successful treatment is unlikely.

Smoking and smokeless tobacco are also associated with oral cancers—cancers of the mouth, tongue, and throat.

Oral Cancer

About 90 percent of oral cancers occur in people who use tobacco.

Tobacco users may develop white patches on their tongues or the lining of their mouths called leukoplakia

(loo koh PLAY kee uh).

Tobacco carcinogens affect many organs in the body.

Other Cancers

Tobacco users also have an increased risk of cancers of the

esophagus

larynx

stomach

pancreas

kidney

bladder

blood

Long-term exposure to secondhand smoke can cause cardiovascular disease, many respiratory problems, and cancer.

Dangers of Secondhand Smoke

Each year, secondhand smoke causes close to 40,000 deaths from heart attacks and lung cancer.

Each year, secondhand smoke contributes to about 300,000 respiratory infections in children younger than eighteen months.

Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to develop allergies and asthma.