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ZAO-A17 479 METHODS FOR CONTROLLING EFFECTS OF ALKAI-SILICA /REACTION IN CONCRETE(U) ARMY ENGINEER UATERMAYSEXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG HS STRUCTURES LAB

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TECHNICAL REPORT SL-87-6 1METHODS FOR CONTROLLING EFFECTSALKALI-SILICA REACTION IN CONCRETE

by

7J 1Alan D. Buck, Katharine Mather

Structures Laboratory

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY0O Waterways Experiment Station, Corps of Engineers

PO Box 631, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-0631

0

All.

February 19870.1- Final Report .S

Approved For Public Release; Distribution Unlimited

...

Prepared for DEPARTMENT OF'THE ARMYUS Army Corps of EngineersWashington, DC 20314-1000

~ ~ qB1

LABORATORY Under CWlS Work Unit 31294n ~87' 4 332.7.

Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not returnit to the originator.

The findings in this report are not to be construed as an officialDepartment of the Army position unless so designated

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The contents of this report are not to be used foradvertising, publication, or promotional purposes.Citation of trade names does not constitute anofficial endorsement or approval of the use of

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Technical Report SL-87-6

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US Army Corps of Engineers

k. ADDRESS (City, State, ard ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERSPROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNITELEMENT NO NO NO ACCESSION NO

Washington, DC 20314-1000 31294 I11 TITLE (include Security Classification) or

Methods for Controlling Effects of A ai-Silica Reaction in Concrete %

12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)Buck. Alan D.. and Mather. Katharine

13a TYPE OF REPORT 13b TIME COVEFE 14 DATE OF REPORT (YearMonti .Day) 15 PAGE COUNTFinal report FROM TO February 1987 65

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Available from National Technica Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Spring-field VA 22161, 1

17 COSATt CODES WUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identrify by block number)FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP Alkali-aggregate reactions f Fly ash 0

Cement P PozzuolanasConcrete f I

19 RACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and Identify by block number)

This research project concerned methods of minimizing the effects of alkali-silicareaction in concrete. Ten pozzolans were tested to determine how they could most effec-tively be used to maximize reduction of expansion due to alkali-silica reaction when thepessimum amounts of opal or of reactive glassy igneous rock were used as aggregate withcements of several levels of ;A'-ali content. Three of these pozzolans (fly ash AD-505, flyash AD-509, and natural pozzolan AD-518) were selected for further work and were used atselected levels of cement replacement with pessimum amounts of opal, glassy igneous rock,and an estimated pessimum for chert with each of two high-alkali cements. In general, useof these pozzolans at their optimum levels was an effective procedure as expansions ofseveral tenths of a percent were usually reduced to a few hundredths. It was also foundthat some fly ashes when used at about 30 percent cement replacement level actually causedmore expansion, especially with low-alkali cement. This is believed to be due to the addi-tional water-soluble alkali provided by the fly ash to the system. % --L u i. wic

20 DISTRIBUTION /AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21 ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSFI I TION

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uc% e.

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% .,

19. ABSTRACT (Continued).

different mineral fractions of a reactive granite gneiss plus the whole rock to identifythe reactive constituent; it was concluded that the reactivity of the granite gneiss wasdue to strained quartz as a constituent mineral. Work with combinations of silica fume andcalcium hydroxide with water showed the reactivity of the fume and identified a wellcrystallized calcium silicate (CSH-I) as the reaction product.

9..

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Preface

This project involved study of methods to minimize alkali-silica reac-

tion; it was authorized and started in 1976. The project was performed by the

Structures Laboratory (SL), US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES)

for the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) under Civil Works Investigational

Study Work Unit 31294, "Minimize Alkali-Silica Reaction." Mr. Fred Anderson

(DAEN-ECE-D) was the USACE Technical Monitor.

Mrs. Katharine Mather, formerly of SL, was Project Leader. All work was

conducted under the supervision of Mr. John M. Scanlon, Chief, Concrete Tech-

nology Division (CTD), SL, and Hr. Bryant Mather, Chief, SL. This report was

prepared by Hr. A. D. Buck. Others engaged in the work included

Messrs. J. P. Burkes, G. S. Wong, Jay E. Rhoderick, and Ron Reinhold, CTD.

COL Allen F. Grum, USA, was the previous Director of WES. The present

Commander and Director of WES is COL Dwayne G. Lee, CE. Dr. Robert W. Whalin

is the Technical Director.

top,

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Contents

Page

Preface . . . . . . . . ........................ 1

Conversion Factors, Non-SI to SI (Metric) Units of Measurement . . 3

Introduction . . . . . ........................ 4

Materials and Procedures .......... ..................... 4

Results ......... .............................. 9

Conclusions ........... ............................ .... 16

References ........... ............................ ... 17

Tables 1-44

."

0~o

2 A.*,'** ~ ~ v '.'% V V .% ' b

Conversion Factors, Non-SI to SI (Metric)Units of Measurement

Non-SI units of measurements used in this report can be converted to SI

(metric) units as follows:

Multiply By To Obtain

angstroms 0.1 nanometres

Fahrenheit degrees 5/9 Celsius degrees or kelvins*

inches 25.4 millimetres

pounds (force) per 0.006894757 megapascalssquare inch

pounds (mass) 0.4535924 kilograms

tons (2,000 pounds, 907.1847 kilogramsmass)

ii

* To obtain Celsius (C) temperature readings from Fahrenheit (F) readings,use the following formula: C - (5/9)(F - 32). To obtain Kelvin (K) read-ings, use: K - (5/9)(F - 32) + 273.15.

3 °

r* ~ . br J. '.P * I4

METHODS FOR CONTROLLING EFFECTS OF ALKALI-SILICA REACTION IN CONCRETE

Introduction

1. The intent of this project was to search for practical controls for

the effects of alkali-silica reaction in light of the evolving changes In

cement composition brought about by changes in environmental controls. This

research project was entitled "Minimize Alkali-Silica Reaction" and was con-

ducted from 1976 through 1980. One portion of the work included determination

of pessimum aggregate levels. The word "pessimum" is used to denote the most

reactive amount of reactive material in an aggregate. It need not be and

usually is not 100 percent of an aggregate.

Materials and Procedures

2. This project was conducted in several phases. The major effort con-

sisted of testing 10 pozzolanic admixtures at two of three different levels

with each of three cements of different alkali contents in mortar bars made

with Pyrex glass. This was done to determine the most effective amount of

pozzolan to effectively reduce expansion in this test. This testing was in

general accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

C 441/CRD-C 257 (US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) 1949).

This was followed by expansion testing of three reactive aggregates (Pyrex

glass, opal, and glassy igneous rock) to establish their pessimum amounts with

a low-alkali cement and two different high-alkali cements or with just the

latter. Once the most effective amount of pozzolan and worst (pessimum)

amount of reactive aggregate had been established, they were combined with two

high-alkali cements in mortar bars to evaluate the control that was obtained

by measurements of expansion in the mortar-bar test (ASTM C 227/CRD-C 123)

(WES 1949). This was done using three reactive aggregates (chert, opal, and

glassy igneous rock), two high-alkali cements, and three pozzolans (sub-

bituminous coal fly ash, lignite fly ash, natural (pozzolan)). Chert was used

instead of Pyrex glass for several reasons; these included the fact that Pyrex

has its pessimum amount at 100 percent and is not a realistic aggregate. How-

ever, since no experimentation had been done with the chert, its pessimum

amount was estimated. Another part of the work consisted of testing a slowly

4

reactive granite gneiss as sand, as coarse aggregate, and in separated mineral

fractions to evaluate reactivity and to identify the reactive constituent of

the rock. The final part of this work consisted of combining cement or cal-

cium hydroxide (CH) with fly ash or the natural pozzolan or silica fume and

water and monitoring changes by periodic determination of strength levels, by

X-ray diffraction (XRD), and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Most of

this latter effort centered on the reaction of a silica fume with CH. There

was some characterization of materials as needed, especially of the reactive

aggregates. The cements and pozzolans that were used had already been char-

acterized by physical, chemical, and petrographic examination in other work.

3. The following materials were used as coarse aggregate or fine aggre-

gate or both:a. CL-3 G-1. For this work, 200 lb* of Pyrex glass cullet were

received. Some of it was crushed into fine aggregate sizes.

b. CL-4 G-1. This was approximately 1,000 lb of chunks of Beltaneopal. Some of it was crushed into fine aggregate sizes.

C. CL-28 MS-I. This was a reactive glassy igneous rock from a 'tVquarry near Jackson Hole, Wyoming.** Two shipments of chunkswere received. The first was about 40 lb and the second wasabout 100 lb. All of the 40-lb sample and about half of theother shipment were combined and crushed into fine aggregatesizes.

d. CL-22 MS-I. This was fine aggregate processed from a localreactive chert gravel.

e. About 2 tons of reactive granite gneiss from Georgia werereceived in October 1976. A small amount of this was essen-tially 6-in. aggregate (CL-14 G-I(A)); the remainder was No. 67rock (CL-14 G-I(B)) which is similar in size distribution toNo. 4 to 3/4-in, material. As before, some of the No. 67 rockwas crushed into fine aggregate sizes (CL-14 MS-I). Heavymedia separation was used to divide some of this fine aggregateinto three parts; one was a biotite mica concentration, anotherwas a potassium feldspar concentration, and the third was acombined quartz and plagioclase feldspar concentration.

4. All of the reactive materials were washed after crushing and before

use to remove fines. The washing of the mineral separations of the granite

gneiss was mainly to remove all traces of heavy liquid.

A table of factors for converting non-SI unIts of measurement toSI (metric) units is presented on page 3.

Identified as glassy andesite porphyry in a petrographic report by theUS Army Engineer Division Laboratory, Missouri River (1975).

5

5. Two similar samples of limestone fine aggregate (CL-MS-28, CL-2

MS-1(3)) were used as needed to dilute the reactive aggregate (Pyrex, opal,

glassy igneous rock, and chert) in a mortar mixture.

6. Petrographic examinations were made and physical data obtained for 4

the aggregate samples as needed.

7. Four different portland cements, not counting repeat samples, were

used in this project. They are identified below:

a. RC-688, RC-688(2). This was low-alkali cement (0.44, 0.37 per-cent as Na20) from Mississippi.

b. RC-720. This was high-alkali cement (0.79 percent as Na 20)from Michigan. It was replaced by RC-725 when all of RC-720had been used.

C. RC-725. This was high-alkali cement (0.78 percent as Na20)from Missouri.

d. RC-756, RC-756(2), RC-761. These were high-alkali (1.16, 1.31,and 1.07 percent as Na20) cements from New York. RC-761 wasused for RC-756 during the course of this work due to lack ofRC-756.

8. Eleven mineral admixtures were used. These were nine fly ashes

(four lignite, three subbituminous coal, and two bituminous coal), one natural

glass, and one silica fume, as identified below:

a. AD-505. Subbituminous coal fly ash from Missouri.

b. AD-506. Lignite fly ash from Texas.

C. AD-507. Subbituminous coal fly ash from Missouri. O%

d. AD-509. Lignite fly ash from North Dakota.

e. AD-510. Lignite fly ash from Minnesota.

f. AD-511. Bituminous coal fly ash from Georgia. .

. AD-512. Subbituminous coal fly ash from Iowa.

h. AD-513. Lignite fly ash from Colorado.

i. AD-570. Bituminous coal fly ash from Mississippi.

£. AD-518. Natural glass pozzolan from California.

k. AD-536, AD-536(2). Silica fume from Alabama.

9. Standard chemical and physical tests were made on all 4 cements

plus repeat shipments and 11 admixtures. In addition, petrographic methods

were used to identify crystalline phases in these materials. For the cements, 4

this included examinations by XRD on the whole cement, on the insoluble resi-

due after treatment with maleic acid, and on this insoluble residue after

treatment with ammonium chloride. The latter two examinations were not made

6

on all of the cements. Treatment with maleic acid removes silicate phases;

treatment with ammonium chloride removes sulfate phases. Examination of XRD

patterns made after these chemical treatments is simplified and comparison

between patterns of the same material before and after such treatment can

assist in making correct identifications. The petrographic methods that were

used also included examination of materials with a stereomicroscope, examina-

tion of grain immersion mounts and of thin sections with a polarizing micro-

scope, and examination of materials with a scanning electron microscope.

10. All of the admixtures except the AD-570 ash were used at a 30 per-

cent solid volume replacement level with low-alkali cement RC-688, with Imoderately high-alkali cement RC-720, and with high-alkali cement RC-756;

length-change expansion was measured at 14 days and compared with similar data

for bars made with these cements without any admixture. The reactive aggre- .

gate was the Pyrex glass. This testing procedure is essentially as described

in ASTM C 441/CRD-C 257 (WES 1949) except for the use of other than the speci-

fied 25 percent admixture replacement by solid volume. The general intent was

to calculate reductions in expansion for each admixture compared to its corre- 'p.

sponding control mixture. If the reduction was 75 percent or more, the mix-

ture was repeated using 25 percent admixture by solid volume replacement of

cement. If the reduction was less than 75 percent, the mixture would be

repeated using 50 percent replacement. In general, this was done with excep-

tions or modifications as needed. It was necessary to change from RC-720 to *

RC-725, a cement of similar alkali content, for the second phase because all 0

of RC-720 had already been used. The amount of silica fume was reduced to

15 percent replacement because bars containing 30 percent fume shrank instead

of expanding. Reduction in expansion data were later used to estimate the

amount of admixture needed to obtain 75 percent reduction in expansion. This

was done by plotting these data and interpolating or extrapolating as required

to obtain these values.

11. The next step was to determine pessimum amounts of reactive material

(Pyrex glass, opal, and glassy igneous rock) by using different amounts of

these materials in the fine aggregate in mortar and determining expansion of

mortar bars using the same test method as before for Pyrex glass. The reac-

tive material was blended with limestone fine aggregate as needed. This was

done for Pyrex glass and opal using RC-688 or RC-688(2), RC-725, and RC-756 or

RC-761 (used to replace the exhausted supply of RC-756). The same procedures

7 -

were used with the glassy igneous rock using cements RC-725 and RC-756(2), but

test method ASTM C 227/CRD-C 123 (WES 1949) was used instead of ASTh C 441/

CRD-C 257 (WES 1949). When the fine aggregate for mortar was to be a blend of

limestone and reactive material, the reactive material used consisted of equal

portions by mass of three sieve fractions: 2.36-1.18mm, 1.18mm-600m, and

600pm-300pm (No. 8-No. 16; No. 16-No. 30; No. 30-No. 50, respectively).

12. Using the preceding work as a basis for choosing the most effective

amount of admixture to reduce expansion due to alkali-silica reaction and the

worst (pessimum) amount of aggregate to obtain maximum expansion by the same

reaction, mortar mixtures were made and tested by ASTM C 227/CRD-C 123

(WES 1949) using such combinations to determine the control that was obtained.

Fly ashes AD-505 (subbituminous) and AD-509 (lignite) were used to represent

the ashes and AD-518 was used to represent a natural pozzolan. Moderately

high-alkali RC-725 and high-alkali RC-756(2) cements were used. The reactive

aggregates were opal, glassy igneous rock, and chert produced by crushing

chert gravel. As indicated earlier, it was decided not to use the Pyrex

glass. Therefore, a pessimum level for the chert was estimated since no work

had been done to determine this value. The reactive rocks were distributed

equally in the No. 16, 30, 50, and 100 sieves but no No. 8 size material was

used. This inclusion of the smaller size in this work and not in the work to

determine pessimum amounts of aggregate was necessary to compensate for some

chert contamination of the limestone.

13. A different phase of the project work was done on the slowly reac-

tive granite gneiss. Some of the coarse aggregate was crushed into fine

aggregate sizes. A concrete mixture was made using this rock as coarse and%Or

fine aggregate. Compressive strength data for this mixture were obtained %

through I year. Length changes for specimens stored in a moist environment at

1000 and 1400 F were measured for 32 months. Mortar bars were made with the

fine aggregate and measured for length changes under the same conditions as

above for 30 months; the compressive strengths of 2- by 2- by 2-in. mortar

cubes from this mixture were tested through I year. i

14. The four major mineral phases in the reactive granite gneiss were

separated into concentrations of biotite mica, potassium feldspar, and com-

bined quartz and plagioclase by density separation of fine aggregate using a

heavy liquid. Quartz and plagioclase were left combined because their densi-

ties were too close to permit a reasonable separation. The intent was to

8

determine which phase or phases were responsible for the reactivity of the

rock. Since this effort resulted in small amounts and sizes of these concen-

trations, the amount of work that could be done was limited. Three normal

size mortar bars (I by I by 11-1/4 in.) were made with the mica concentration

and three with the quartz-plagioclase concentration using only the 600-, 300-,

and 150-um (No. 30, 50, 100) sieves,* as these were all that were available;

high-alkali cement RC-756(2) was used. One bar of each set was stored at

1000 F with the other two bars kept at 140 ° F; these were measured for length

changes periodically for 27 months. There was not enough of the potassium

feldspar concentration to make normal size bars. Therefore, six small bars

(1/2 by 1/2 by 3-1/2 in.) were made as above from each of the three mineral i

concentrations and half were tested for length changes at each of the same two

temperatures for 1 year. Molds and containers to make these smaller bars were

provided by the courtesy of Mr. Robert S. Barneyback, Jr., then at Purdue

University.

15. The third and final phase of this project was to follow the strength

development and composition of hydration products with time of cement and poz-

zolan or hydrated lime (CH) and pozzolan-paste mixtures. Materials were low-

alkali cement RC-688(2) or CH with bituminous coal fly ash AD-511, natural

pozzolan AD-518, and silica fume AD-536(2). Early combinations were one part

cement or CH with two parts pozzolan; later the ratios were one to one and the

water contents were changed. Curing was usually at room temperature for 24 hr

and at 1000 F thereafter. Composition was determined by periodic monitoring

by XRD and SEM. After these early efforts, most mixtures that were made were

CH and silica fume due to the unusual activity of this material; flow was

usually between 95 to 110 percent. Adequate consolidation of paste specimens

made with the fume was a continual problem due to the unusual fineness of this

material. The final work in this phase was to make CH and fume mixtures and

CH with bituminous fly ash AD-570 mixtures to have lime-to-silica (CaO/SiO2,

C/S) ratios of about 1 to 2; testing was as before.

* About 30 percent retained on the 6 00 -um sieve, 34 percent on the 300-um

sieve, and 36 percent on the 150-um sieve.

.%4

%.

Results

16. Chemical and physical analytical data for the cements and the mineral

admixtures that were used are shown in Tables 1 through 7 and 8 through 19,

respectively; petrographic data for these materials are given in Reinhold

et al. (1986). The work done to determine the most effective amount of 10 of

these pozzolans in reducing expansion was described earlier. The actual expan-

sion data are shown for low-alkali cement RC-688 in Table 20, moderate high-

alkali cement RC-720 or RC-725 in Table 21, and high-alkali cement RC-756 in

Table 22. These include initial mixtures with 30 percent pozzolan plus mix-

tures with 25 or 50 percent pozzolan plus the 15 percent silica fume. The

data are generally self-explanatory. However, the behavior of three of the

four lignite ashes should be noted. They were the only 3 (AD-509, AD-510,

AD-513) of the 10 pozzolans that permitted more than 0.1 percent expansion

when combined with low-alkali cement. As shown in Table 23, which is the cal-

culation of reduction in expansion obtained with these pozzolans, these three

actually encouraged expansion at the 30 percent level with the low-alkali

cement. AD-510 also did this with moderate high-alkali cement RC-720 at the

30 percent level. Ash AD-510 was always found to be unusual without specific

recognition of why this was so. Data for ashes AD-509, AD-510, and AD-513

(Tables 11, 12, and 15, respectively) show the following alkali contents:

PPercent Alkali as Na, 0

Water AcidAshes Soluble Available Soluble Total

AD-509 0.39 1.63 1.69 5.16

AD-510 0.66 2.55 2.67 3.54

AD-513 0.01 0.65 0.85 1.65

The total alkali content of low-alkali cement RC-688 is 0.44 percent expressed

as NaO0. It appears that use of AD-509 and AD-510 and perhaps AD-513 may have

added as much alkali for reaction as was removed by replacing 30 percent of

the cement, especially with the low-alkali cement.

17. Ashes AD-505 and AD-509 and the natural pozzolan AP-518 were later

selected for further work. The foregoing data indicated most effective amounts

by solid volume of each to inhibit expansion as follows:

e• ,b'-

Subbituminous Coal Fly Ash AD-5053

30 percent with cement RC-72550 percent with cement RC-756(2)

Lignite Fly Ash AD-509

50 percent with cement RC-72560 percent with cement RC-756(2)

Natural Pozzolan AD-518

10 percent with either cement

This indication that large amounts of pozzolan would be needed to reduce

expansion to an acceptable level had also been found by Pepper and

Mather (1959). The sec of three bars made with high-alkali cement RC-715

without pozzolan had expansions at 14 days of 0.374, 0.323, and 0.382 for an

average of 0.360 percent.

18. The next part of this work was done to find pessimum amounts of reac-

tive aggregates. The expansion data in Tables 24, 25, and 26 for Pyrex glass

aggregate clearly show expansion always increases with amount, so its pessimum

is 100 percent with each of three different cements.

19. Data for Beltane opal (CL-4 G-1) at the 2-, 4-, 6-, and 100-percent

levels with cement RC-688 are shown in Table 27. Data for Beltane opal at the

1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, and 100-percent levels with cement RC-725 are shown in

Table 28. Table 29 presents the data for Beltane opal at the 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-,

and 100-percent levels with RC-756 or RC-761. XRD examination of crushed opal

representative of that used in mortar bars indicated it was composed of:

Mineral Relative Amount

Low temperature dis- Majorordered alphatridymite

Quartz Moderate

High-temperature Minortridymite

High- and low-temperature Minorcristobalite

I i %'I

There was probably also some amorphous material. Similar work with a separate

hand sample showed the above composition plus the presence of weak XRD peaks0

at 5.8 and 5.0 A. Robert Barneyback, then at Purdue University, suggested

these might be due to alunite, which is a hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate

mineral. The chemical analyses of the composite sample and of the hand sample

in Table 30 show a much higher sulfate level for the hand sample. It was

concluded that there was some alunite in the hand sample but not in the rock

used for mortar bars.

20. Expansion data for glassy igneous rock (CL-28 MS-1) at the 3-, 6-,

12-, and 100-percent levels in mortar bars with cement RC-725 are shown in

Table 31. Similar data at the 5-, 10-, 20-, 40-, and 100-percent levels with

cement RC-756(2) are shown in Table 32. These tests were made in accordance

with ASTM C 227/CRD-C 123 (WES 1949) instead of ASTM C 441/CRD-C 257 (WES

1949), but this change should not be significant for the purpose of this work.

XRD examination of both shipments of this rock showed crystalline phases to be0

tridymite, a 14-A clay, plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, magnetite, and hema-

tite for the second shipment only, all in minor amounts. Examination of thin

sections showed the rock to consist largely of a ground mass of devitrified

glass with recognizable phenocrysts of some of the above phases; hypersthene,

a pyroxene, was recognized as one of the pyroxenes by its pleochroism. Based

on these examinations, the two shipments were combined as described and pro-

cessed into fine aggregate. A chemical analysis of the fine aggregate was

made and is shown in Table 33. The total alkali in this rock expressed as

Na 20 is 5.04 percent calculated from the data for Na 20 and K 20 in the average

column in this table. Separate analysis to determine the amount of water-

soluble alkali in the rock was also done. Twenty grams of the rock were added

to 200 ml of water in a flask. The flask was shaken for 10 min, and the solu-

tion filtered through a Buchner funnel which contained a filter paper. The

filtrate was then diluted to 500 ml, and the Na2O and K20 determined by atomic

absorption spectrophotometer (AA). The results are:

Water-soluble Na 0 - 0.002 percent2

Water-soluble K20 - 0.006 percent

Total water-soluble alkali, as Na 0 - 0.007 percent

This showed that most of the alkali was not water soluble. '

12

P -

%~~ %

21. Examination of the foregoing data for the three reactive aggregates

indicated the following:

a. The pessimum amount was 100 percent for the Pyrex glass withall of the three cements used. As indicated before, it wasdecided not to use this material in the next part of this work.

b. The pessimum amount for the Beltane opal was about 1 percent orless with low-alkali cement RC-688, 1.5 percent with moderatehigh-alkali cement RC-725, and 3 percent with high-alkalicements RC-756 or RC-761; RC-756(2) was used in the next workbecause the supplies of RC-756 and RC-761 were exhausted.

c. The pessimum amount for the glassy igneous rock was 9 percentwith moderate high-alkali cement RC-725 and 30 percent withhigh-alkall cement RC-756(2).

22. The physical properties of these reactive aggregates were not

obtained since they were not needed to make mortars. The two limestone fine

aggregates that were combined to dilute the reactive aggregates had the

following properties:

Absorption Relative

percent Density

CRD-MS-28 0.6 2.71

CRD-2 MS-1(3) 0.5 2.72

23. Tables 34 through 39 show the expansion data obtained when what ..- '

were intended to be the most effective amounts of three pozzolans or no

pozzolan (control mixture) were combined with intended pessimum amounts of

three different reactive aggregates with each of two high-alkali cements. The

data in Tables 34 and 35 indicate that the estimated pessimum of 80 percent

for the chert was too high; therefore, no further attention will be paid to

these data.

24. Since the no-pozzolan condition in Tables 36 through 39 represents

the interpolation of reactive aggregate amounts from Tables 28 and 29 for the

opal and Tables 31 and 32 for the glassy igneous rock, it is possible to

determine by inspection of the data whether pessimum amounts were actually

used. By this comparison the pessimum amounts look good for the 3-percent

opal and both levels of glassy igneous rock. Visual interpolation from

Table 28 at 56 days indicates expansion should be about 0.1 percent for

1.5 percent opal with cement RC-725. Since it was actually about half this

13

%I

amount (Table 36), a batching error in the amount of opal used probably

occurred since a separate remake of mortar using cement RC-725 and 1.5 percent

opal did show the expansion expected. In any case, less attention should be

paid in this table to the effect of pozzolan.

25. The use of 30 or 50 percent of ash AD-505 and of 50 or 60 percent

of ash AD-509 through 105 to 113 days of testing (Tables 37, 38, and 39)

seems quite effective as expansions of about 0.17 to 0.45 percent in the con-

trol mixtures without a pozzolan were all reduced to about 0.01 to

0.02 percent.

26. An extrapolated value for the most effective amount of natural poz-

zolan AD-518 from the mixtures that contained 30 and 25 percent of it was

10 percent. However, inspection of the data for those mixtures containing

this amount of AD-518 (Tables 36 through 39) shows that 10 percent was not

effective in reducing expansion. Six additional mortar mixtures containing 0,

5, 10, 20, 25, and 30 percent of AD-518 were made with high-alkali cement

RC-756(2) and 3 percent opal and tested for length changes out to about

90 days (only 29 days for the mixture with 25 percent AD-518) (Table 40).

These verify that 10 percent or less of this material is not effective in

reducing expansion and that 20 to 30 percent is required. It may be that the

30 and 25 percent amounts in the original work gave data points too close

together to do a good extrapolation. In any event, this material was effec-

tive in reducing expansion when it was used at its proper amounts of 20 to

30 percent. The work just described was reported by Buck (1985).

27. Work with the reactive granite gneiss (CL-14 G-I(B), CL-14 MS-I)

has already been described. Table 41 shows compressive strength data for 3-

by 6-in. concrete specimens and 2- by 2- by 2-in. mortar cubes made with this

rock and high-alkali cement RC-756(2) through I year of testing. The absorp-

tion and density of this material as coarse aggregate and fine aggregate are

shown below:I

Absorption Relativepercent Density

Rock CL-14 G-I(B) 0.7 2.68

Fine Aggregate CL-14 MS-i 1.0 2.74

The strength data seem normal and do not reflect the slow reactivity of this

rock. Length-change data for specimens from the same concrete and mortar

14

,. .- . . ,-.€ /. --. .- .' . ..... ......................'.....-'........-.-......-...... .. - ........- ,.-.. .-.. -. -.- , - . , - .1-1-.* '

mixtures are shown in Table 42 through 30 or 32 months of testing; the testing

was at two temperatures (100 ° and 140 ° F) like that for gravels described in

other work (Buck and Mather 1984). Both the concrete and mortar specimens

show expansion of about 0.05 to 0.06 percent after 2 years at the lower

temperature; they show definitely significant expansion (-0.10 percent) by

this age at the higher temperature. The expansion results for these specimens

were much like those for the gravels just mentioned.

28. Length-change data for the mica and the quartz-plagioclase feldspar

concentrations that were separated from the granite gneiss and used in three

normal size mortar bars are shown in Table 43 through 27 months of testing at

two temperatures. The data are generally similar to those for the concrete

and for the whole fine aggregate in mortar bars; thus, there is no specific

indication here to identify the reactive constituent of the rock.-.

29. Because of the small amount of the mineral separations, the rest of F %

these separations were used to make small mortar bars. Length-change data for

each of the three mineral separations are shown in Table 44 through I year of

testing at two temperatures. Because of the same lack of material by size

fractions, these 18 small bars and the 6 normal size ones shown in the previ-

ous table were made using just the No. 30, 50, and 100 sieve size fractions;

all of these bars were made to be identical mixtures. Once again, none of.

these data clearly identifies the reactive component of the rock.

30. In general, the testing of the reactive granite gneiss showed that

expansive reaction could be seen in specimens tested at 600 C for more than

1 year and that the quartz was probably the reactive constituent. These find-

ings are parallel to those found by other testing of quartz and quartzite

gravels (Buck and Mather 1984).

31. The work involving study of strength development and characteriza-

tion of reaction products using cement and fly ash or calcium hydroxide (CH)

with fly ash or silica fume or the natural pozzolan with water was done to

study simplified systems, especially those with CH, to follow the effect of

the pozzolan. This included limited and the only use of the eleventh admix-

ture, fly ash AD-570. The work involving the combination of CH and silica

fume was summarized by Buck and Burkes (1981). Those data will not be repeated

here. They showed good compressive strengths that varied with water content '

but were not much affected by using one or two parts of fume to CH when the

water-to-solids ratio was about 1.0. XRD and SEM studies showed that these

15 ". "

o .e -#, ."'v-', w". !' .'". %t~'.'.,,." .

.""-." '"d!.,"

- , , .'. "' ." ." r'''," ." ., "''" ."",, ,'a' .e' "."".' " ".'"".,

combinations of silica fume and CH with water resulted in the formation of h

well crystallized calcium silicate hydrate-I (CSH-I) (Taylor 1964). Presum-

ably, this formation of CSH is akin to what happens when the silica fume is

added as a pozzolan to inhibit alkali-silica reaction and reacts with CH in

the paste. As indicated earlier (Tables 20, 21, and 22), it was an especially

effective pozzolan in reducing expansion. Most of this work was done using

lime-to-silica (C/S) ratios of about 0.4 to 0.8; a small amount of work was

done increasing this ratio to about 1.7 with silica fume and 1.0 and 2.0 for

fly ash AD-570, both with CH. The intent was to determine whether CSH-II

would form at these higher C/S ratios; it did not.

Conclusions

32. The portion of this project dealing with the ability of different

pozzolans, when used at their most effective level with high-alkali cement, to

control alkali-silica reaction when the reactive aggregate is at its pessimum

(worst) amount was generally successful. Expansions of over 0.1 percent were

reduced safely below those levels by this procedure. This is verification of

the ability of different pozzolans to control this reaction without the neces-

sity of using low-alkali cement. However, as found by Pepper and Mather .

(1959), it may and probably will be necessary to use larger amounts of a given

pozzolan, up to 60 percent by solid volume replacement of cement.

33. The work with reactive granite gneiss did not specifically identify

either mica or feldspar as being the reactive material in this rock. It is

believed that strained quartz was the reactive constituent since it was all

that was left. Expansion data were generally similar to those obtained In the %%

project devoted to reactivity of quartz (Buck and Mather 1984). These data

formed part of the basis for revision of Appendix B of EM 1110-2-2000, Stan-

dard Practice for Concrete (I'S Army Corps of Fngineers 1983) to include

strained quartz as reactive material.

34. The final portion of all of this work dealt largely with the reac-

tion of silica fume and calcium hvdroxide with water; it showed the high reac-

tivity of silica fume and provided data on the well crystallized calcium

silicate hydrate Type I that developed by this reaction. %

16

- . .". • .- •• % % .. % % %"." . , - .- " . ." " . .. , -,-% % ', . o '. . "o , o, .. .' " % " -. ". ", • - . . ' -

References

Buck, A. D. 1985. "Use of Pozzolan to Control Expansion Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction," pp 501-512, in Technology of Concrete When Pozzolans, Slags,and Chemical Admixtures Are Used, ACI-RILEM Symposium, Monterrey, Mexico.

Buck, A. D., and Burkes, J. P. 1981. "Characterization and Reactivity ofSilica Fume," Miscellaneous Paper SL-81-13 (CTIAC Report No. 47), US ArmyEngineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss., also in Proceedingsof the Third International Conference on Cement Microscopy, pp 279-285,16-19 Mar 1981, Houston, Tex.

Buck, A. D., and Mather, K. 1984. "Reactivity of Quartz at Normal Tempera-tures," Technical Report SL-84-12, US Army Engineer Waterways ExperimentStation, Vicksburg, Miss. .'"'

Pepper, L., and Mather, B. 1959. "Effectiveness of Mineral Admixtures inPreventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to Alkali-Aggregate Reaction,"American Society for Testing and Materials Proceedings, pp 1178-1203, Vol 59,Philadelphia, Pa.

Reinhold, R. E., Richter, R. E., Buck, A. D., Mather, K., Mather, B., andMcDonald, J. E. 1986. "Variations in Cementitious Media," Technical ReportSL-86-10, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.

Taylor, H. F. W., ed. 1964. "The Chemistry of Cements," Vol 1, Chap. 5, andVol 2, p 372, Academic Press, New York.

US Army Engineer Division Laboratory, Missouri River. 1975. "PetrographicExamination of Quarry Rock for Riprap," Report Series No. 1, Omaha, Nebr.

US Army Corps of Engineers. 1983. "Alkali-Silica Aggregate Reactions,"Appendix B, in "Standard Practice for Concrete," Engineer Manual 1110-2-2000,5 Sep 1985, Washington, DC.

US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. 1949. "Handbook for Concreteand Cement," with quarterly supplements, Vicksburg, Miss.

1I

72D

Table 1

Test Data for RC-688

•* A. D. Bu k

Cement & Pozzolan Test RrPetrography & X-Ray Br REPORT OF TESTS OF Concrete LaboratoryEngr Sci Dv PORTLAND CEMENT -Concrete LabSAE WES

S.... ..c-(. ES-6&74 - If C- 1(,'1 * .. 15 Apr-74S-e€,., . - .j2- ] Msqa_ T _ - LA 1 ---.,c.-, 3 Apr 74co- .-. rn4rAA I Aro./tesia, Miss.,-

S..., .o 1 1 I1AA I 11(AA) I.,..1 200.9 1 TiOX 0.29

• ___,°, }_ [6.2 1 15.38 1 A 2 .n.

2.9 t 3.02 1 P25 5 0.19 IkLoiorqrec.o * [ 0.9 1 1 1 _

, 2.6 1 1 ._____ ____ ____ ___1 0.6 1 _ i . .:

- .......... 1 0.44 !Water SolubleAlkaliAs Wa2 z 0.16 1

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0.17 __ _ i '0.03;I.o . 0.41 1

__ _ ___ 0 .13 _ 0.20C.O.• 65.5 ,

, • 54.6 ,:

S,- -- 11.5 7 l ./ _

,., - 15 I _____ ____I_ _ _ WI

C... .. I 1 I

¢.4. .er *, ' T __ __C's'

- -___ __"_ _____0__ _ I.

.......... 9.5 &C C_, 9

... ..... " 2860 CONP 9TR, 90 ID, PSI 5860

7 c 4040 COMP STR, 1801), PSI 60601 -" 28 . . 5320 COKP JTR, 363D. PSI

IP

........ ...... ...- -0,06 I _____""______'____

. .. - .. 5: 01"..

........ .. . .. . .. ___0______

S c. . -. J _________________________

Job No. 441-C145.14C111aA'

CF:Mr. Tynes

C , ef, Cc-e,"t a,"X ?: ::c'.37 Tcsi =r..--: ..

e;. ,'_ " ..'..';.,' ........................,,... ....,,'." ''..."...,,"-," ,.'-.. ... *.'... ,.....-.- ,......,"...-.. ._ ,':

- -. - .5 - 4. . .. . 1. ~.

.~~~~*1 %

Table 2

Test Data for RG-688(2)

FRPN: CORPS OF9 ENO*WasRV. .S. ARMY

Mr.. K. MatherCh, Engr Sci Div REPORT OF TESTS OF Cem & Paz: Test BrCL PORTLANO CEMENT Engr Sdi Div

CLRC-688(2 2--A-

1Fb7TESTr Rupo"T .M. CUT ane-NagaTS Smole OAS1.eb7

SS9CICATIOW,: O 1001 gALo:

CONIPA.': LOCATION _ MA.O:

TII, CemaUT boas MUS9T SPECIFICATIO. MCQugm9060S

_______________2-78 0___ 0.33 ___

LOUS ON IONITION. %-k%..ALKALMS-NTOTAL AS W420. S 0.37 %___ ____

.3.S0.19 ____ _ _ ___ ___ _ _'

Mao, ________%_ 0.27 _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

INSOOI.LE RESIOUG. U0.09 ____ ________

C.O. _ __ __ __S_ 65.8 _ _ __ _ _

CIS. _ _ __ _ __ _ 64.4 _ _ __ _ _

C'.-11.1 _ _ __ _ _

CI.%8.9 %_______ ______

C 3A .CL % 75.5 ____w -%

C.Ap. IL8.4C.A . IC,A. S 30.6____HEAT OF NYORATION. 70. CAL/S

NEAT 00 NEORATION. fl00 CAL/O

SUARFACIE ARIA. SO C.IG IA p- 3420 _ ______ ________

AIR CONTENT. 9.1 ____ ___ ___ ___

COUP- STRENGYN. 3 a. s- 2830 ___

CO"p -Ye-a-" 7 0. PU- 4380 %___CONIP STESNOTE. 0. psi

WALSE SET-0EN Pd U

AUTOCLAVE SRP..%U-O

INITAL 5*N/I

INAL SET. NO/- :4(

AUTOCLAVE SEP.. %

INTIAL. SET. NOR/-S

FINAL. SGT. U*

.e..--c Memorandum for Record No. 1985; Job No. 545-C530.17Ci41

TEE INFoRNItOm OImEn IN TNIS .E0ORT SPALI. NOT S U140 INI AOVET,.,,O 04 SALES 0PRONOTION TO INOICATIE (ST"ER EXPICITLYonRN_,y gfICIYLV~ oOSSE -s .oouc myOIC I, YE u s GovenwwmrE

W. C. MILLERChemist

Chief, Cement and Pozzolan Test Branch

ownV.* -*

e%. IF L%. W..

Table 3


TO:- .ow $ A o G.-Cvs

Mrs. K .;atherCh, X-Aay & Petro REPORT OF TESTS OF Cem & Pozz Test Br .

n" Si=ene$ Div ~ PORTLAND CEMENT En;r Sciences Div

CL CL

Ta ... . .. - WES-31- 75 Ca...l C..... .ae ... 0

o-1 t. D ,n5 aSET M . .. (. , ,s v , rh , 6 .....

1A- ca. _____ Dosea_______1. o'a~c'

% 2,.....1 .

_________ 3.7 1-,.-2.6 1LOSS Oft .______ _ 1. Waer Solble Alaies _.j 3CS .... , ....... _. , 0.7M 1 0.251_ !_.. ,o0. 0.31 °.°I_ I 0.3Z ,-...,o.% 0.7Z 0.31-

.62-.6__ I j -

45.T _____

c' S 10.3'CI. ' _%_

CIA * CIS. Sr R ___ ___ -C .... . .C. % 2.0 ____.'.I

S.,,, O.W N" YM. TO. CA'

•. Or . -... O. 0.18 0 -,

..* . a.. . ..,. 9 .

c.... S .. r". 30. Iv 2980 1 1 %

.%

com.a. tGr.. 70. as' 4120 ____ % ___ ___ ___

Ci- *,gGra- 28o. 5130 1___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

p*. G. MILLER.

,.a..g % ___ ___

Sl~. ur-'-Vica t 2:00____ IV, Sal.-,- Vicat 4:10 1 ___ ___ ___i

Chemis.•- -

-1ic Ce aoSet an ozo-a T srBrnc *., ," 1 001..1a - .. c ,-

fAre I of 3 ...- "

_ __ IS %zzzr

Table 4


tO 140- CORPS OF Co...((fts.. S. ... "

REPORT OF TESTS OF Structures LaboratoryPORTLAND CE tENT USAE Waterways Exp St

ATTN: Cem & Pozz GroupRC-725 P.O. Box 631

Vicksburg, MS 39180

. ....... ,. .......- .... ...c---. Misouri Prtland IOCo Jooa ILoV"Is CAME"T Oes UEaT SPECIPICATION OEQUINaitTS%

(Analysis) 1 (WET) I(AA) 1 (AA)_ _ _ _ 20.6 TiO?% 0.23Alo,.. 4.6 4.3 Mn203Z 0.03 %• . __r __ 2.9 3.0 P-,052 0.04 (Colormetric__"'a.' 3.6 ___,o,.•_ 2.6 __LOSS O G..T 10.

• . ,,,-o TOTAL AS.,o.% 0.78 1 Water oluble Alkali as Na,)% 0.59,. 0.12 0.06,,o 1.00 1 0.80,OLLIouS. • 0.13

c.o. 63.7CIS" • 61cA. 7 6.3

C. c,&A 68

......

IIEA? OF "YORAV'Oft 70. C*L/O

.. EAT OF -DRIAT40. 2%0. CAL. G

S..-Cff A.G., SO CIA0 A FI ______ 4 U

co-P 6--a-. 3 D. ., 3010 COMP S 90 T. PSTI 5320I:- s-a.to- 7 D. PS 3880 CO1MT SR, 180 D. PSI 5610 ',_'_

coov -- EG?- 28 o .u 4800 CC R- 365 D.. PSI 5560 ,e

IALEL 1T- _ _ __ l%_

AUVoct,.,E .... ' 0.09'"v.. 1V. "= 3 : 10 _3:1

"1- S .,'- 5:10

AUVOCLAVE 11 .EIS

- A SEE . E

FIMIAI Sgr. Rl-

O . 1... 1.a... ...... or..E..V 0 1 ,, .. oouc I Go A . -.. .

W. C. MILLER

ChemistChief, Cement & Pozzolan Croup

I..,.' --A

• " ; ; ;4 ' . *ES "..' ", .''.-.. . . . '.', .'.-". ' .- •....,--.. , . ". .

Table 5

Test Data for RC-15,

Cm, -.. & Petrc RE R C~ CY 77 C 7- 6 :Z : CrEn;r Sc iences Div n sc ei 7 zr S .c s iv

CL CL

.. . ., ", - 5-7 , .. . . . . . I' ample :. 1 'an E,

azpe

SAnavsis) 1 (WTT) I) I IU'

6.9 6.4 Mn _ Q.06' 2.2 2.1 P-0 2.30 Cco ret ric)

-~~ 3.0

0"

**..• - .. .' 1.16 Water Joluble A AkaM as Na,, C -. 86.0.32 .5

1 .S2M . 8

S 5 F3

21

C f-

..........- ' .- " .'4 5 -- : S iC ,: " '

r....f...<

****' SaFe received frc'= Mrs. Mather, .'c Nc - '

%- . - - . " - -- , - - - -- • - " . . • •

.%1%

. . . * *,*5 * * . . . * . . .* * . . .

Table 6

Test Data for RC-756(2)

TOO RM CRSO NIER

REPORT OF TESTS OF USAE Waterways Exp StationPORTLAND CEMENT ATTN: Cern & Pozz Group

P.O. Box 631RC-756 (2) Vicksburg, MS 39180

TEKST REPORT No. KM 10 (30) 781 sim-i0. CRT REPRESENTED: I ATM: DEC 78SPESCIFICATION, Type I IODTE SAMPLED:

COMPAN Hrr O Capel I LOCATION Twson, MD ISRANO:

TNIs CEMENT cgOs

MEET SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTSR

SD.19.9 TiOZ 0.24

_ _ _ _ _AIO,.% 6.2 5.7 - n!72.2 0.05 ___ ______

F,.s2.1 2.1 P~o% 0.27 (Cola retric)2.7 _____ _ _____ __ _

SO.%3.0 _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _

LOSS ON IGNITION. ~ 1.0 Or___ I___ALKALIEKS- TOTAL AS .. 1. 31 el-z__

K,.1.57___________

INSOLUSLEL RESIDUE. 0.17

CIS. 52CI.13 12 ___ __ __

CIS. _ __ __ _ __ _ 18_ _ __ ___

CIA 9COS.65C.AF. IL 6C4AF + 2 CZA.._ ___

NEAT op NyonRSToN. Yo. cAL.'O

NEAT Of MYDRIATION. 280. CAL/O

SURFACE AREA. SO CM/O (A411109 3770A." CONTEN.S 8.8 ___ __ _____5/

coop. SREaNGTH. 3 .pi4 8

COMP. STRENGTH. 0O.PI

FALSE SELT-PEN. F11. %

SAMPLE N.

AUTOCLAVE ESP.. ~ 0.09INITIAL SET. MI/MIN 2: 35FINAL SET. HR/IMN 4:55SAMPLE N..O

AUTOCLAVE ESP..

INITIAL SELT. HR/NON

FINAL SET. H~I

REMAIRKSI

THE INFORMAATION GIVEN IN T1415 REPORT SMALL NOT 91K USED IN ADVERTISING 0R SALES PROMOTION TO INDICATE EITHER EXPLICITLYonROFLICITLY,1. N ORSEN"T OF THIS PRODUCT 01 THE! U S GOVEROONMENIT

W. G. MILLER

ChemistChief, Cement &Pozzolan Test Branch OF

=7.S

L.A, c- **4

Table 7


Mrs. K. .;atherCh,* X-iKoy & Petro REPORT OF TESTS OF Cetm 6 ozz Test BrEngr Sciences Div PORTLANO CEMEMT Engr Sciences DivCL RC-761 CL

TESTRxPOT . WE- 2-6 80 C. -C.CICgg~~l. 5 Fb 7

spacvc-io- ype 1 - a .- Pco D Fe.2'

COMO___ Har .CmbelIo... atmr.M

2__ _ 6 _.0 1 P--1 6 2 C lim ti '

C~~U I-,)"

RIC ___________________ L____________a.

.UV4~LA6 £UP.

C.O._ _ _ __ _

CIA~~~ S I.S6

C...I C. I C1.%E3.CAT 00 CA

.CAT 00, oo. C-%-Su SC .. a.. toten C-nd Ao 1 Tes 1r3nc0

I-0ake -0.~

Table 8

Test Data for AD-505

Report No:'

Structures Laboratory KM510(49) 78USAE Waterways Exp St REPORT OF TESTS Admixture No:ATT"': Cem & Pozz Test Br ON POZZOLAN AD 505

P. 0. Box 631 Date:Vicksburg, MS 39180 _ _ _EC 78 "

POZZOLA'N CLASS: F IDESCRIPTION: Subbituminous Fly AshCO'?.\.Y:1Knsas City P & L CoILOCATION: Hawthorne Plant, Kansas City, MO

MrO NO: nS5 IDATE: 10/6/75 I JOB NO: 545-C-530

:E:: SUrJECT: Variations in Cementitious Media

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

sji0O 45.88 [ Moisture Content % 0.14 Cr290"AlIO % 21.44 I LT.) 2 (750 C) 3.81 Chloride %

,,i, % 10.88 ILOI. Z (1000 C) _-0 Ti_ _ 2.50 %ITiO? f

so-% . 1.11 JP OCaO~~ I: ll l no I0

A__!_ics Water Soluble jAvailable (C-618) Acid Soluble Total Alkali

"h.,, ' % 0.01 1 0.12 _0.04 0.37__ _IK-)O 7 0.01 1 0.60 0.20 1.93

Teti! r!.; :"1)n7 0.02 1 0.51 I 0.17 I 1.64

PHYSICAL TESTSSmcfcific Cravitv: 2.44 I Fineness % retained on 325 SieveS,r.'e2c Area: 9130 gar/-n~g, porosity e 0.416

I Tc'sr- iith portland cement cured @ 73.4 + 3 F __

Port .,md Cemrent Co: United CitadelT.oc -in: Artesia. 5 Birmingham, AL

.,srrh Ce::ent No & T-pe: RC-688 1, LA RC-705. II, LA, HHILAutcCI.Av Exnansion, 20% Replacement, % . 0.072 2q ce of Cement by Volume 0 30 60 0 30 60Let. of l'vdrOtion. 7 days, Cal/,-m 84-8 70.2 49 ] 67.7 56.4 46.8 .

fe. of lh'dration, 28 days, Cal/gm 96.5 83.2 62 78.8 65.4 56.5Co- Ive Strenzth. 3 days 1si 2880 9120 690 1700 1450 730

Cn,-:,r.-ssive Stren-zrh. 7 dayss 4080 10s0 930 2510 1880 920Cn'.,''ssive Strenith. 28 days psi 5120 1 4530 1290 4040 2910 1380c'nrric,!'ve Stren-th. 90 days psi 86 0 6060 420D__ 5760 5320 2600Cn-rcssi',,e Strennth. 180 days psi 6050 6760 4770 5990 6610 4010Co!-,rcssive Strength, 365 days psi 6300 60 8 6070 6060 4840-ater - Cement Ratio 00485 .435 0.485 0.485 0.485Flow IJI 108 110 122 111 103

l'ozzolanic Activity Index, ASTM C618Wich Lime @ 7 days PSI 1790V.'ith Portland Cement (RC-688) at 28 days percent of Control 113

Test for Pozzolan Hydraulic ActivityCompressive Strength (PSI)W/C 3days 7days 28days0.417 55 70 160

W. G. MILLERChemistChief, Cement & pozzolan Test Branch

Table 9

Test Data for AD-506 %

Report No:Stru.jrcs LaboratoryUS,'.E Water :ays Exp St REPORT OF TESTS Admixture No:AT-&:: Can & Pozz Test Br ON PQZZOLAN AD 506

P. 0. Box 631 Date:Vickshurg, HS 39180 1

.....ZOLA CLASS: F DESCRIPTION: Lignite Fly Ash

CO::?.%:;Y: Trinity (Gen Port) I LOCATION: Big BroTn Plant, Fairfield, TX

N:::O :0: 1935 JDATE: 10/6/75 JOB NO: 545-C-530. SL' SU.BJECT: Variations in Cementitious rteda

CHEIIICAL CO,OS ITION

1 50.4 Moisture Content . 0.17 Cr 0O____,'. 2 18,41 LOI. % (50C) 0.85 Chloride %

I 4.16 LOI, Z (O00 0 C) IS-'. j 3.54 TiO "'%.

so, 2 1.30 PO 5 %CnO 7 19.77 Mn7 %

-A z i os Tater Soluble able (C-618I Acid Soluble Total Alkali0.00 1 0.21 0____.20 0.57

_'_oO. 00 I O. 18 0.12 0.53Tot'l ne NolO % 0.00 0.33 0.28 .

PHYSICAL TESTSS'.,ific rnvitv: 2.56 I Fineness: Z retained on 325 SieveSu'Z:ce Area: 6780 sqcm/cc, porosity e- 0. 390

Te-c i n ort1nd ,eritn' cured @ 73.4 t 30 F _ __'1 I C Co. :nited J Citadel

r ;ton Artesia. MS 3 Birninahan, AL,: .c: "o & Tve: RC-688. I, RC-705, I, LA, H '

'.te,-!n-c F::.sion. 20% Renlacenant. 2 0.04 _0.09 %

7.~:-Lcof Ci'ent b Volume 0%0 6 ~ -~'lion: ot IHvdrptlon. 7 da:s, C31/' V. 84.3 72.9 53 67.7 55.6 4Ift-c of I 1 I-d-ion. 23 days, Ca!/M J 96.5 85.4 67 78.8 70.3 57C,.-lucssive Strenzth. 3 days vsi 2830 2260 1010 1700 1320 780(i:;'ssive Strenr.th. 7 days )si 4080 3050 1590 2510 1730 1 1070

- ' ive St-en-th, 28 dav.'s si 5320 4200 2460 4020 2910

-'. ve 1renqth. 90 da-. zsi 586U 5020 j 4160 760 4920 I 3930Ce-"e:;Lve Strcneth. 180 days asi 6050 5430 4920 5990 5820 5470Co--essiv Strenc.th 1 year Dsi ___ 6100 5450 6380 5330

.,-Co-ent R.rio 0.485 0.485 0.485 0.485 0.485 0.4&_____, ____,_____________i__ i 1ii Li10 122 118 T ih-_

Pozzolanic Activity Index, ASTM C618With Lime @ 7 days PSI 1030WiLth Portland Cement (RC-688) at 28 days percent of Control 88 V.

Test for Pozzolan Hydraulic Activity ".?Compressive Strength (PS.I) -

W/C 3days, 7days 28days0.433 30 fell test

apart discontinued

1. C. MILLERChcmistChief, Cement &PozzolAn Test Zeanch

.'

P-_ . -% r. 'fa .,''; -'' ,J fe '',i ,.P..',.- F. "- ". " ' "-' . "." ". ". .- . '. .". . . . . .- .. . ... ." '.

Table 10


Report No :

St.ruc8ures LaboratoryUSAE Water-ways Exp St REPORT OF TESTS Admixture No:ATT'I: Cem & Pozz Test Br ON POZZOLAN AD 507

.. 4. Box 631 Date:

________________ 0.30 2.180

OZZOLAN: CLASS: F DESC RIPTION: Subbituminous Fly AshCO''.?ANY: Union Electric Co. J OAION: St. Louis r MO

ToEaO :O: 1983 IDATE: 10/6/75 IJOB NO: 545-C-530:.E.OSUBJECT: variations in Cementitious Media

CPHEMICAL COMOSITIONLSi i% 44.87 G2oisture Content X 0.28 CreOae %Su!Orf a 21.83 LOI, c (750C)5.69 Chloride %F,.Or h 17.20 LOI, % (1000C)g ~ 0.67 TO

s0-1 1 .12 p709 %

caO i . 4.77 iiOh %AAlkalies Water Soluble Available (C-618) Acid Soluble Total AlkaliN o 0.14 0.50 4. 7.4

KO % 0.03 r.78 0.30 2.18 6Total as NaO 20.16 1.01 0.54 2 2.81

PHYSICAL-TESTS "

orecifc GrEavity: 2.37 9dFineaess % retained on 325 Sieve

Surface Area: 7660 sqcm/cc, porosity e 0.480 500 2Tests with 1ortlad cer ent 6ure4 @ 73.4 t 36 FPrtland Cenent Co. United 0 Citadel

Loction: Artesia. S Bimingham, ALPesarch Cment No & T RC-6881 08 LA RC-705, 11, LA, HH-%Autoclave Expa'nsion, 20Z Replacement, Z 0.01 05

replace of Cement by Volume 0 30 60 30ds r t f rteat o z Hydration, 7 davs Cal/ m 84.8 70,5 48.2 67.7 .57 41

Heat of H[ydration, 28 days, Cal/gm. 96.5 83.4 64.5 78.8 .66 4a

Co, mressive S trength, 3 days psi 2880 1910 830 700 1320 690Conpressive Stren .th, 7 days psi 4080 2600 1110 2510 1660 830 ,i...

CorU/rssive Strength7 28 days os 5320 3700 1720 4040 2640 1560Comoressive .Strenzrh, 90 days Dsi 5860 320 040 5760 4720 3590,.-Ccnoressive Strength, 180 days Dsi 6050 58.20 3460 5990 5460 4240.. .

Com~pressive Strength, 1 year psi 6460 4520 6090 48_§2 0

Water - Cement Ratio 0.485 .0.485 0.485 .0.485 0.485 0.485Flov % 111 65 62 122 78 60

~J. C. MILLE

Pozzolanic Activity Index, ASTM C618 ,..With Lime @ 7 days PSI 1080 -"'With Portland Cement (RC-688) at 28 days percent of Control 80 '°€

ChemistChief, Cement & Pozzolan Test Branch

'.

14. C.MILLE 01%

Chemist

Table I I


Report No: m

Structuies Laboratory Ro o

USA- '.ttcr,:a.s E::p St P EVOP.T OF TESTS Admixture No:xITI:: Cc.., Pozz Test Br ON POZZOLAN AD 509

P. o. Bo4 631 Date:v ichur N., S 39180

PO:'ZOL.:' C[.SS: F IDESCRIP'ION: Lignite Fly AshCO::?A:,Y: Basin Elec. PWR LOCATION: Stanton, N.D.:iL::O NO: 1935 DAIE: 10/6/75 iJOB NO: 545-C-530... . .. .'0 SUSJECT: Variations in Cementitious Media

CIHEMICAL COPOSITION 161

SZO, 7 49. I oisture Content 4 0.14 Cr90OjAI)O % 17.78 LOI, % (Y50oC) 0.20 Chloride Z_ rO Z j6.29 LOI, X (1000 0C)

7 4.86 TiO? "SO- z 1.09 POq %__-_cao 2 13.1 ,.no x _-_

Alkalies Vater Soluble A'ailable (C-618. Acid So'uble Total Alkali0..iO % I . 38 1.38 1.3J T.00

K-)O % n-0 1 I 0.38 I 0.57 1.76"rotat as Na9O (71-0- 1.63 1.69 5.16

PHYSICAL TESTSS.:-cific Gravit-': 2.39 I Fineness: % retained on 325 SieveSirface Area: 4690 sqcm/cc, porosity e- 0.337Tcq.ts with nort)and ceornn cS red 10 73.4 t 30 F %

Pnrr1,,nd Cc-ent Co. : Unted CitadelLocation: Artesia. MS Bir'ineham, ALF -n r ch C,-ent No & Tvoe: RC-688. 1, LA RC-705, 11, U'A, RH-uUtclave E':a-nsion. 20% Rerlncenent, % .0 0.09/0.1o1.,ce of Cement by Volurme 0 30 6 "0 0 30

e oII'.,'dration, 7 days, Cl/srn 84.3 72 51 67.7 52 49f ht of Hydra tion, 28 days, C a !... 96.5 82 66 7.8 62 56 %

COP'cssive Strength, 3 days psi 2880 18SO 3920 1700 1150 640f Cor.prcssive Strenp.th. 7 days ?si 4080 2Sl.. 1- __2_ 2510 1540 . 820J Coor,-ssive Strength, 28 days osi 5320 3620 -110 4040 I 2640 1520ICoaonresive Strenpth. 90 dav osl 5860 DJ390 ____ 25580 4460 30563 4140 2-750 ":Cc-nressivc Stren!gth. 180 days psi 6050 5000 3470 5990 4750 1 3200Cortoressive Strength, 1 year psi 5320 _ 39_0 5310 3520"-

1.'ater - Ccment Ratio 0.4851 0.485 .435 0.485 0.485 O.435Flo" % 111 93 74 1 122 105 79

Pozzolanic Activity Index, ASTM C618With Lime @ 7 days PSI 1160With Portland Cement (RC-688) at 28 days percent of Control 76

Test for Pozzolan Hydraulic ActivityCompressive Strength (PSI)W/C 3days 7days 28days0.477 to soft to test

W. C. MILLERChemistChief, Ceent & Pozzolan Test Branch

"7

.. ." •" . " " . "' , "" . -" " . ."""-""" " : " " "' :" " . . " ". " . . "' "". . . ". ' : """i"%' ' 'L'-'-" "-""-'' "- *''.''''-'.'" '.% .- -e- -:.- "*- "- " '. .% ,.- - % * -. . '- ; . '--- " -,-. -,-. " " ",- -

".,

Table 12


Report No:Struciures Laboratory _-__ _

USAE Watert:ays Exp St RrORT OF TESTS Admixture No: ,s- ,Ar.':: Ccm & Pozz Test Br ON POZZOLAN AD 510

P. 0. Box 631 Date:Vickshurg. IS 39180 1

POZZOLA4 CLASS: C DESCRLPrON: Lignite FlZ Ashrtail Power ILOCATION: Fergus Falls, tLN

2::O NO: 1985 JDATE: 10/6/75 IJOB NO: 545-C-530SUBJECT: Variations in Cementitious Media

CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS107 7 _23. 48 Moisture Content Z 0.29 Cr7O-A %__AlO z 16.36 LOI, X (7500C) 1.14 Chloride %FeOA % 9.08 LOI, % (10000C)M z 8.43 TiO9 % _ " ____SOl % 5.31 P70 % ".."

% ,____3 _______ X_ 9.94_1_ Mn ______%

Alkalies Vater SoLuble lAvailable (C-618) Acid Soluble Total Alkali74a.o % 0.63 2.40 2.51 3.2 S

K7)O 7. 0.05 0.23 0.25 0.39Total as Na-0 % 0.66 2.55 2.67 3.54 .

PHYSICAL- TESTS " - "S.ccfic Gravitv: 2.75 I Fineness: % retained on 325 Sieve

I Surf.ce Arca: 8750 sqcmlcc, porosity e- 0.460 -Tests with yortland ce-ent cured @ 73.4 t 30 F_ ___-____

1 rtlnnd Cent Co.- United CitadelLocation: Artesia. MS Bir-inham, AL .,Pesearch Carment No & ',v t) RC-688. 1. LA RC-705, II, LA, HAutoclave E rgansion, 20% Renlaceent, Z 0.12 0 32.32% PReolace of Ceiment by Vrlu-,e 0 30 60 0 30 60 '.<H';: of Hvdraticn, 7 days. Call n 84.9 82 73 677 67 69 0

Heat of Hydratioa, 28 days, Cal/- 96.5 90 81 78.8 76 77Compressive Strength, 3 days psi 28.0 2710 2360 1700 1990 1440Cor-3ressive Stren.th, 7 days ;)si 40S0 3650 3030 2510 2530 1800

Co-oressive Strength, 28 days osi 5320 4920j 4090 4040 3730 2950 %Con Oressive Streneth, 90 dvs 0si 5860 5460 4970 5760 5270 4MCco-ressive Strength , 180 das psi 16050 26 __5250 5Q0O 5320 5120 %Co-nressive Strength. 1 ear psi 00 5840" 5740 560 5220Water.- Cement Ratio 0.485 I0.435 0.485 0.485 0.485 U.48Flo,, 111 114 73 122 _ In__-_,

Pozzolanic Activity Index, ASTI, C618With Lime @ 7 days PSI 1500With Portland Cement (RC-688) at 28 days percent of Control 85 .

Test for Pozzolan Hydraulic ActivityCompressive Strength (PSI)W/C 3days 7days 28days0.450 1341 1950 2860 %

W. C. MILLER

ChemistChief, Cement &Pozzolan Test Branch

• -.- .51

.%OK

0,E' "* .%.'>.-

Table 13


Structures Laboratory report No:

uso U.ater--y% E-xp St Or TESTS Adnixture No:ArT: Cen 4 Pozz Test Br 0:: POZZOLAN AD 511P. 0. Box 631 DVicksburg, ZIS 39180,OZ0OL,1Q4 CL\SS: F D" DSC?,IPION" Bituminous FKy Ash

CO*:?PN Y: AMx] LOCATION: Stilesboro, CA (Plant BowJen);0E"N: 1985 JDATE : 10/6/7 JO NO: 545-C-3

,'Lr..O SUBJECT: Variations in Ceneiititious M-edia


SiO') % 45.4 Moisture Content X 0.31 Cr %

AI OI % 24.34 LOI, 2 (750C) 4.26 Chloride % _

FeO, 7. 15.02 LOI, O ( 000CC) ___ _

:,_-o __ __ __ _1.12 TiO, 7. ISol 0 0. 73 t Po, I[ :

a z2.69 M v0 7 (_____Alkalies Water Soluble jAvaijible (C-6181 Acid Soluble Total Alkali

0.02 0.14 4 0.06 .3

_______________ .880.36 0.31%-)o 2 0.03 0.,38 I 0.36 2.61

Total as Naso Z , ) f.72 I 0.30 2.10

PHYSICAL TESTSSDjcific Gravity: 2.45 I Fineness: % retained on 325 Sieve ';Surface Area: 6870 sgcm/cc, porosity e" 0.463 Vt Tets 1,ith oortland cer~gnt cured @ 73.4 - 3* F9-tl nd Cer-ent Cn.: United Citadel, c.,tion: Artesia. MS Birmingham. AL-":scarch Ce-ent No & Tve: RC-t08. I, LA RC-705, II. LA, HHi tcclave E,:oasion. 20% Revlace7ent, % 0.00 0.04RCokaCC of Cernent by '.olu.-e 0 30 60 0 3060

l-a: of Hvdr. tron. 7 davs, C21/- 84. 8 613 47 67.7 55 r"4Heat of Hydration, 28 days, Ca!/=. 96.5 83 62 78.8 68 45

Corpressive Srerc'th, 3 days si 2S80 1900 98(O 1700 1200 1 620I Co---ressive Strel.,;th. 7 da,s zsi 4080 2650 1120 251.0 1560 1 760LCo-,nr-ssive Strcn-th. 28 days osi 5320 3830 1700 4040 2600 1420

,' res i',c Srength. 90 d.A Dsi 5860 5390 3040 S710 4850 2740Ccorcssivc Strength, 180 d3 --t i 6050 5870 3750 5990 5480 3670Comnressive Strength, 1 Year psi _ 5140 1 4870 - 6400 426,7ater - Ce.ent patio 0.485 0.485 0.485 0"'S5 0.485 j 0.4

Floi, Z YUl 704 122 0- t 79..

Pozzolanic Activity Index, ASTM C618 "

With Lime @ 7 days PSI 1020With Portland Cement (RC-638) at 28 days percent of Control 91

A

W. C. MILLER

C: ni 1 -- t

Chief, Ccrent & Pozzo.A" Test Bfanzh

% % %

Table 14


Report No :

Structures Laboratory R No

USAE Waterways Exp St REPORT OF TESTS Admixture No:ATTN: Cen & Pozz Test Br ON POZZOLAN AD 512P. 0. Box 631 Date:Vicksburg, MS 39180

11OZZOLAN CLASS: F IDESCRIlON: Subbituminous Fly AshCO:PANY: Iowa Public Service LOCATION: Sioux City, !A

Ml' :O NO: 1985 DATE: 10/6/7 JOB NO: 545-C-530"IE:'O SUBJECT: Variations in Cementitious Media

.p

CHEMICAL COMPOS ITION

sio-7 X 3.8 oisture Content X 0.21 Cr- 7____AIO' % 19.71 LOI, % (7500C) 1.14 Chloride %F ,1 7.68 LOI, % (1000 0 C) _

I~~L) 7. 3.34 TiO, . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

SO 3 % 1.75 P7O 5 % ",,

CaO X 20.32 n "Alkalies - Water Soluble Av able (C-618) Acid Soluble Total AlkaliN.O ')0 0.00 0.23 0.13 0.45K,)O %. 0.00 0.77 0.29 1.54Total as Na7a % 0.00 0.74 0.32 1.46

4-

PHYSICAL T.STS 4-,

S-ecific Gravity: 2.58 Fineness: Z retained on 325 Sieve .-Surface Area: 12830 sqcm/cc, porosity e, 0.458 .4"

Te.rts with portland ceyr-nt cured @ 73.4 ± 30 F 4-Portland Cerent Co.: United CitadelLocation: Artesia, MS Birmingham, AL 4,

Pesearch Cement No & Type: RC-688. I. LA RC-705, 11, LA, HHAutoclave E.xoa.sion, 20% Renlacement, X 0.08 0.14% Replace of Cement by Volu..e f 0 30 60 030 6Heat of Hydration. 7 days, sal/sn 84.8 74 "2 77 63 -,leat of Hydration, 28 days, Cal/_.m 96.5 86 4 73 78.8 72 63Compressive Strength. 3 days psi 2880 I 2330 1130 1700 1430 760

Coziiprssive Strenpth, 7 days psi 4080 3190 If30 2510 2040 1170 pCo.,ressive Strength. 28 days osi 5320 4760 2560 4040 3680 1840FCorioressiv! Strength. 90 davy Dsi 5860 6360 5030 5760 6000 4040 4-

Connressive Strength, 180 days psi 6050 7450 5220 5990 7395 5950Compressive Strength, 1 year psi 7810 7000 6900 "W;ater - Cc,,,ent Ratio 0.485 0.465 0.1,R5 0.485 0.461 0.485Floi, il i 114 138 122 120 139


Test for Pozzolan Hydraulic ActivityCompressive Strength (PSI)W/C 3days 7days 28days0.400 75 20 fell apart

W. C. MILI.ERChemistChief, Ccment & Pozzolan Test Branch

.- :

% %.

Table 15


Report No:St ruciureS Laboratory

USAji Vatcrvways Exp St REPCRT Or TESIS Admixture No:ATl:;: Cera 1 Pozz Test Br O PZO,':AT) 513 .'1,. 0. no: 631 Date: "'Vi (ks hur., NIs 39180 -%,

I1OZZOIAA UIASS: C J E~'[?'C; ignite Fly AshCO: IPA,\:Y Cr.d P,-iic 5r - C T I ' Pueblo, CO. (Comanche Plant)" -f'

:;i.::o ::o: 19 :. JDkT Z: i0/,/ 15 J u:1, ;; 0 ,,5-C-530:: :O SU"'.I CT: V .'a l ,s in Cemc~ntitious :Icola %%

C111E'1ICAL CO'-POS ITION N

S31 Z 3 .2 1 : .oisturo Content / 0.14 Cr-,O-1 .AI -)0 % 25.68 LOI, % (SG°C) 0.14 J Chloride % .

]'--1) 7 7 4.63 LOI, (iO00-C) _._ _

.u 4.42 TiO) % P{,_ __,_ _

Sol_ 1.5 POs % __

___.10 _____% _ 21.01 '% ____

,_, ___________ ':at,2r Sol-ble bli e (C-r,13"i Acid S oIubIle Total Al1ali 'a"% o. 0 i 0.0, 1 - 0.47 F ' 0.67 1.o 30% I 0.00 ..28 I 0.28 0.58

0.' 0.5 0 :. 0 . 1.65,

PHYSICAL TESTS

I , 21 f Fineness: 7. retained on 3 3 Sieve

"re: 12,790 sqc-i/cc, porosity e= 0.475"Th' ", nr'!nd 'e ,-r ',:rd c 73.4 ± 39 F

-',drr-1et ro."Uie Citadel

- ion Arresia. " I %ir-.nzh2z, \LRC-688. I. LA i RC-705, II, L\, HH

, ,- on. 20" Re,ace -nt, % 0.01 . 0.08%, ofC,,en_ bv Votu7'e 0 30 1 60 0 1 j 60

* . . ,, 7 C.. '--1 "i A ._ 7¢ 61, 2778'"o: . '. ' ' C-i, 9 .5 93 { 79_ 7_ ._ 78 ! 50

t r ' t .. 3 d,,!';s v: 23S0 1 2200 81O 1240_ " L .' "" rn, . 7 d ,' 1-4030 1 33 0 1650 2510 i 2120 I 12

. ,r q'V; e ! :U -nil , 23 d s.° ns' 5320 4900 274 0 4040 3620 173,.c , n " .- - 58,)0 7010 I 46.;0 ] 5 70 66 0 352"(' "r, ':;i.0e Srrinrh, 13O , -. i 6050 7180 _ 56,,0 5o9t ] 7120 %Co- ',;i.. Str,'na4.th. 1 vcear psi _ 72101 620 76,0"

7- . a 0,/,35 0.T,) I 0.'.;5 0.485 0.46' , 0. 4Sl) 10- [ I 134 122 118 03

Pozzolanic Activity Index, ASTM C618

14ith Lir~e 0 7 days PSI 1270W4ith Portland Cement (RC-688) at 28 days percent of Control 111

Tests for Pozzolan Hvdraulic ActivityCompressive Strength (PSI)W/C 3dayi 7days 28days0.410 170

.%

W. C. HILIR dM

CI r Ii .:tChief, Cerent & Poz.'olnn Tcst Branch

% 4e-.

• '.4-

:5..

.:-::.

WjjMV' -RWTYjTzW1WW.. -3r,; .. ~~--P~N ~W N~ ~W~E WUWV9 ~WWV WT. Irv TEq- WU-uE M29Y19P p -- k NN 1 ~y

Table 16


Report o. _

Structtircs LaboratoryUSAE 14aternays Exp St REPORT OF TESTS Admixture No:

ATTN: Cem & Pozz Test Br ON POZZOLAN AD 570P. 0. Box 631 Date: VVicksburg, MS 39130

COMPANY: Trinit LOCATICN: Purvis, MSCO ZZAN CLTraSS ty DE C I T ON l

MF.:O NO: 1985 JDATE: 10/6/75 JOB NO: 545-C-530}tr':O SUJECT: Variations in Cementitious edia"%

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION _,,,__

ISi07 7 479 Moisture Content 7 0.16 Cr~o 0 7.__

Al'O) % Ln ( O TOT 7 (750 C) 3.70 Chloride %*FoO03 % 759 LOT % (1000 C)

S.11 TiO?So l z 0.60 P20 %)O-

CaO % 2-14 MnO ___".-

Alr-alies % Water Soluble Available (C-618)1 Acid Soluble Total Alkali

%1.)o % i 0.12 1 0.37 ,

K 0 7 1 0.94 2.78

ToalI as N 0 - 74 2.20

PHYSICAL TESTS

Soecific crav'itv: 2.25 Fipeness % retained on 325 Sie:e

Surface Area: 13-750 saros/cc n vitV e 0.519TeStS with portland cement cured @ 73.4 - 3 FPortland Cement Co: 11n r Citadel

Location: Artpsin MQ BirmInpham. AL

Research Cement No & Type: RC-688 (3) RC-705, II. LA. HHAutoclave Expansion, 20' Replacement, % 0.03 _.__

% ReDlace of Ce:ent by Volume 30 L 60 0 30 601eaL of Hydration, 7 davs, Cal/30m o 0. 60

Heat of Hydration. 28 days, Cal/ mj _ __ _ I "___Compressie Snren'th 3 davq nsi ) 2950 2050 1 5 qO 170-) 1 900 1ComDressive Strenth. 7 days psi 4390.I 2920 I I i1,0 2 210 1840 ICoinressive Strength , 28 days psi 6030 4430 2060 I 4040 3700

Comnressive Strenrth. 90 days psi 6550 6010 3610 5 ;- _ 0 590.

Compressive Strpnnth, 180 days nsi 7230 5 9'40

Compressive Strength, 365 days psi 6790 i..sWater - Cement Ratio 0.485 0.513 0. 0.41 0.50Flow 114 112 105 | 122 115- -"

Lime Pozz Str 175m1 H20 Flow 106% 1550 psi

Pozzolanic Acitivity Index with Portland Cement (RC-705)Portland Cement Compressive Strength 4590 psi (Control)

Portland Cement + Pozzolan Compressive Strength 5280 psi (115% of Control) b

, .

11. G. MILLERChemistChief, Cement & Pozzolan Test Branch

V. -* . Y% i:..c

Table 17


IReport 11::[

Strucurcs Laboratory R

USAE : atcrays Ep St REPORT OF TESTS Adm-ixture No:

ATT:: Cer & Pozz Test Br ON POZZOLAN AD 518P. 0. Box 631 Date:

Vicksburg, MS 39180

POZZOLAN CLASS: N GDSCRIPlION: Natural

CO:1PANY: Superior ProdLOCATION: Halleluiah Junction, CA

NL::O iO: 1985 IDATE: 10/6/75 ]JOB NO: 545-C 530

"W-O SUBJECT: Variations in Cementitious Media

CHEMICAL COMPOS ITION_ 69 oisture Content X 1.37 Cr203 _

Al O % 17.40 LOI, % (7500C) 1.58 Chloride % _

%vi 5.49 LOI, % (10000C)80 TO_____ __________"iO 2 0. 80 TiO? ,%,,-

SO3 % 0.88_CaO 2.28 Mn2O%Alkalics Water £oluble Available (C-6181 A id Soluble Total Alkali

N.1O % vi:.02 0.18 0in6 2.11K J 0.00 0. 26 0.19 1. 59

-Total as NaO % 0.02 0.35 0.28 3.16 ..

PHYSICAL-TESTS '

Snecific Gravi tv: 2.39 Fineness: %retainedI on 325 Sieve '--

Surface Area: 26,760 sqcm/cc, porosity e- 0.668Te-ts with oortland cetent cured @ 73.4 ± 3 ° F9rortl~nd Certnt Co.: United Citadel

Location: Artesia. MS Bir-inoham, AL 'SPesearch Caent No & Type: RC-688. I, LA RC-705, II, LA, Hi,Autoclave E:oa.sion, 20% Rejlace.nt, %. 0.03 0.06 %

7. PcOolaco of Cement by Volum'e ___ 0 30 j60 0 30 60S.l{eat of Hydration, 7 da:s, Cal/!m 84.8 75 59 67.7 60 46

Heat of Hydration, 28 days, Ca1/f-.m 96.5 86 68 78.8 72 61Cowpressive Strength, 3 da-is psi 2880 2710 1120 -1700 1710 920-

Conpressive Streng.th, 7 days psi 4080 3920 1880 2510 .480 1480

Corerssive Strength, 28 days osi 5320 6050 4010 4040 4930 3640Comoresive S'renprh. 90 d v'- osi 5860 6780 6350 5760 5540 1 4860Ccnovessive Strength. 180 days psi 6050 73.30 1 7240 5990 5620 5380 %-FCompressive StrenRth, I year psi 7690 I 7250 5880 5460,atcr-Ce,-ent Ratio I .485 0.485 0.932 0.435 0.485O 0.532Flo,, % II 51 /40 122, 62 { 6---2..'


54

W. G. ?ILLERChemistChicf, Ccricnt & Pozzolan Test Branch

%%

Table 18


Report No: 1Structures Laboratory

USAE Waterways Exp St REPORT OF TESTS Admixture No:ATTN.: Cem & Pozz Test Br ON POZZOLAN AD 536P. o. Box 631 Date:

Vicksburg, MS 39180

POZZOLAIN CLASS: IDESCRIPTION: Amorphous Silica Spheres

COMPANY: Reynolds Aluminum LOCATION: Sheffield, ALMEM.O NO: 1985 JDT: //5IJOB NO: 545-C-530 .. %

,_EYO SUBJECT: Variations in Cementitious Media

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION _ _ _

SiO9 % 195.98 M Moisture Content % 0.27 Cr70o % %

A]90i % 1.26 1 FL0-. %(750"C) 113 Chloride %_____r. 0.12 LOI, % (100 00C)

oO. % 0,0 Tie? % .'

Sol % 0.12 P705 _ __ _..

CaO % 0.26 Mn203 %Ak lies % Water Soluble lAvailable (C-618)1 Tcjd Soluble Total Aia.N 1)o % 0 .06 0.03 0. 15 "K% 0.0 0.00 0.24

Total as NaOZ _ ___ _ 0.03 0.31_

PHYSICAL TESTS

Snecific Gravity: 2-22 lFineness % retained on 325 SieveSurface Area: 58,700 seem/cc. porosity e -

Tests with portland cement cured @ 73.4 ± 3'F _'-_._

Portland Cement Co: United itadel

L.ocation: Artesia, MS Birminoham. AL

ReseArch Cement No & Type: RC-688 I. LA RC-705. II. LA. HH___.-.,

Autoclave Expansion, 20% Replacement, % _ _-_ _

% Replace of Cement by Volume J 0 1 30 .60 0 30 60Heat ot Hydration, 7 days, Cal/gm 84.8 73 56 67.7 61 521Heat of Hydration, 28 days. Cal/zrm 96.5 90 78 78.8 74 58Compressive Strength, 3 days psi 2880 12F0: 1700Compressive Strength , 7 days psi 4080 4180 2510 ,.25

Compressive Strengih, 28 days psi 5320 6860 4040 ,_-__

Compressive Strenpth, 90 days psi 5860 5760 ...

Compressive Strength , 180 days psi 6050 5990 ____-_

Compressive Strength, 365 days psi -__ _"

Water - Cement Ratio 0.485 0.485 °_._

Flow 111 122

1' day strergthLime Pozzolan strength. 360 M1 H 20, Flow 99% 1170 PSI

W. C. MILLER IChief, Cement & Pozzolan Test Branch

i.'." -,- -7 .v... .-,v ..v v.v .-. . -.-. . ,v.-.- - - ,-- -;.-5.- .- .. . . ..': ': - ': -. . . .i- .' -.-:

Table 19

Test Data for AD-536(2) -.

Report No: =

Structures Laboratory RUSA.Z Waterways Exp St REPORT OF TESTS Admi-ture Mo:AT'F.: Cem & Pozz Test Br R POZZOLAN AD536(2) IP. 0. Box 631 Date:Vicksburg, MS 39180

POZZOLAN CLASS: DESCRIPTION: Amorphous Silica Spheres

CPAN'Y: Reynolds Aluninum LOCATION: Sheffield, AL

'IE:.O NO: 1935 1DATE: 10/6/75 1JOB NO: 545-C-530MEMO SUIJECT: Va~riations in Cementitious MNedia


Sio-, 7 93.90 f 1 Moisture Content 0 0_38 Cr-00 O0

A1O,) % 0.70 1LOI, % (750"C) o.99 Chlcride % 0 .I o

F(-O %, 0.00 LOI, Z (10000C) 1.16MoO Y, 1.20 Ti02 %

Sol % 5. o- "Lca Fl-- %

Al__alies % Water Soluble TAvailabl, (C-Ot < , c ,.ai , .- _70 7 0 o.o: I o.-3

K70 0 .04 I0.24 "

? HY S ICAL TESTSr

Soeifc Gavtv ?.2 -inne;sre' ii'.d on 22'5 :<vSurface Arca: 98,900 sncn/0r, porositv e 0.714Tests with portland cement cured @ 73.4 ± >FPortland Cement Co: United Cir i del A:

FT,tII-, Artesia, MS .jja'A,_-... AT.I Rce-,. arch C:.ment No & Type: RC-63(3 ) A RC.70 c 11, T . A, ,2 -

*% RNopltace of Ce r-ent by Volume 0 I 30 I 2 J 0 30

Heat o f lydraticn, 7 days, CalIg I ____",'_ -

H~it of drn n. 29 diavo,, Cal/m[ Conpreo-sive Strpngh, 3 davs psi 3710:': 2410 0X I Ir ,Coressive Str'nzth 7 days psi 4390 3890 1750 25 1) 295Co-nressive Strongth, 28 days psi 6030 7030 42?0 404i 54 3u J

L. -,pr'ssive Stren":h. o90 days psi 6550 8870 4< 57hi0 t57',h0 t) 7

Co-pressive Strent h, 180 lays nsi .7230 8990 5-,') 39 6: 2 ... -9Compressive Strength, 365 days psi 6790 88X0 551) _,_._-"

Water - Cement Ratio 0,54 ! (. I .... 0.546 . 7. 9 7_

Flow 64 4R _ 86 7

Lime-Pozzolan Strength cured 24 hrs @ 73.4 ± 30F, 6 days 0 130-± 3oF: 1870 psi 2Cgmpozz + 100 gm lime & 375m1 H 20, Flow 88.

Pozzolanic Activity Index, ASTM C618With Portland Cement (RC-688) at 28 days percent of Control 145

14. G. MILLERChemist

Chief, Cenent & Pozzolan Test Branch

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Table 24

Length Change of Mortar Bars Made with Different Amounts of .,

Pyrex Glass (CL-3 G-1) and Low-Alkali

Portland Cement RC-688(2)*

Length Change, Z, at Ages ShownFine Aggregate Below, daysCombination Bar No. 14 21 28 56

2% Pyrex 1 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.00798% Limestone 2 0.004 0.000 0.001 0.005(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004

Average 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.005 -

5% Pyrex 1 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.007952 Limestone 2 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.007(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.010

Average 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.008

8% Pyrex 1 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.01192% Limestone 2 0.008 0.006 0.007 0.010

(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.008Average 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.010

100% Pyrex 1 0.080 0.127 0.165 0.1952 0.065 0.098 0.131 0.155 ;.

3 0.069 0.112 0.153 0.198Average 0.071 0.112 0.150 0.183

* 0.37 percent alkali as Na 0. Bars made in accordance with ASTM C 441/

CRD-C 257 (WES 1949). 2

. .1

o, A

%-

It """ #%'-" '% "

%,1% '•

" ''',. .. "-" " ° "

" "%"j 0•"" .*" .." 'N" ' •"'• " ."" % ' "".. .'

"". ' .' .'" " ." % "" "" " ." ." .' "

"'%'.•" . •" " " "t, " " % ""-" ".

Table 25

Length Change of Mortar Bars Made with Different Amounts of

Pyrex Glass (CL-3 G-1) and High-Alkali

Portland Cement RC-725*v. ..

Length Change, %, at Ages ShownFine Aggregate Below, daysCombination Bar No. 14 21 28 56

2% Pyrex 1 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.02898Z Limestone 2 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.023(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.014

Average 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.022

5% Pyrex 1 0.018 0.020 0.022 0.02795Z Limestone 2 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.029(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.020 0.021 0.023 0.029

Average 0.019 0.020 0.022 0.028

8Z Pyrex 1 0.020 0.022 0.025 0.04092Z Limestone 2 0.021 0.024 0.027 0.034(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.022 0.025 0.027 0.034

Average 0.021 0.024 0.026 0.036

100% Pyrex 1 0.305 0.361 0.380 0.4002 0.308 0.352 0.375 0.4053 0.311 0.348 0.370 0.400

Average 0.308 0.354 0.375 0.402

0.78 percent alkali as Na 0. Bars made In accordance with ASTM C 441/

CRD-C 257 (WES 1949). 2

..- .

°.

-- .. '~.. - . f 7 - . 4 .~ P 7 .F . 7 * .U . 7 ,7 .

Table 26


Pyrex Glass (CL-3 G-1) and High-Alkali

Portland Cement RC-761*

Length Change, Z, at Ages ShownFine Aggregate Below, daysCombination Bar No. 14 21 28 35 56

2% Pyrex 1 Broken98% Limestone 2 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.030(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.016 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.026

4 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.021 0.0245 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.0266 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.023 0.026

Average 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.026

5% Pyrex 1 0.024 0.026 0.031 ** 0.03995Z Limestone 2 0.024 0.027 0.030 0.038(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.032 0.027 0.031 0.039

Average 0.024 0.027 0.031 0.039

8% Pyrex 1 0.032 0.039 0.047 ** 0.08292Z Limestone 2 0.032 0.040 0.048 0.079(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.032 0.040 0.048 0.086

Average 0.032 0.040 0.048 0.082 *

100% Pyrex 1 0.373 0.428 0.448 0.473 0.5032 0.373 0.434 0.453 0.478 0.5113 0.365 0.429 0.457 0.486 0.515I(A) 0.382 0.453 0.490 ** 0.6082(A) 0.383 0.457 0.486 0.542 ,

3(A) 0.356 0.439 0.467 0.505Average 0.372 0.440 0.467 0.479 0.531

* 1.07 percent alkali as Na 0. Bars made in accordance with ASTM C 441/CRD-C 257 (WES 1949). 2

** Not determined.

7,.

*1

Table 27


Beltane Opal (CL-4 G-1) and Low-Alkali

Portland Cement RC-688*Ve

Length Change, Z, at Ages ShownFine Aggregate Below, days "Combination Bar No. 7 14 21 28 56

2% Opal 1 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.01098% Limestone 2 -0.001 0.005 0.007 0.008 0.011(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.000 0.005 0.007 0.007 0.009

Average 0.000 0.005 0.007 0.007 0.010

4% Opal 1 -0.001 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.00696Z Limestone 2 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.006(CRD-MS-28) 3 -0.002 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.008

Average -0.001 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.007

6% Opal 1 -0.002 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.00694% Limestone 2 -0.003 0.000 0.002 0.005 0.006(CRD-MS-28) 3 -0.002 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.004

Average -0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005

100% Opal 1 0.005 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.0172 0.005 0.011 0.014 0.015 0.0183 0.004 0.009 0.012 0.014 0.018

Average 0.005 0.010 0.013 0.014 0.018

* 0.44 percent alkali as Na20. Bars made in accordance with ASTM C 441/CRD-C 257 (WES 1949).

,%le

o'.

- ,

pa.9

.I-%

Table 28


Beltane Opal (CL-4 G-1) and High-Alkali

Portland Cement RC-725*

Length Change, X, at Ages ShownFine Aggregate Below, daysCombination Bar No. 7 14 21 28 56 90

1% Opal 1 0.045 0.064 0.070 0.087 0.09599% Limestone 2 ** 0.036 0.055 0.067 0.079 0.087(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.051 0.072 0.079 0.095 0.103

Average 0.044 0.064 0.072 0.087 0.095

22 Opal 1 0.019 0.038 0.062 0.063 0.07098% Limestone 2 0.020 0.051 0.073 0.085 0.096 **(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.022 0.050 0.069 0.081 0.088 A.

Average 0.020 0.046 0.068 0.076 0.085

4% Opal 1 0.012 0.021 0.024 0.025 0.03096% Limestone 2 0.012 0.023 0.027 0.029 0.033 **(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.014 0.022 0.025 0.025 0.030

Average 0.013 0.022 0.025 0.026 0.031

6% Opal 1 0.011 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.02294% Limestone 2 0.010 0.017 0.021 0.022 0.025 **(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.011 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.020

Average 0.011 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.022

100% Opal 1 0.008 0.016 0.022 0.024 0.0302 0.008 0.018 0.021 0.023 0.029 **

3 0.009 0.017 0.0',2 0.024 0.030Average 0.008 0.017 0.022 0.024 0.030

* 0.78 percent alkali as Na 0. Bars made in accordance with ASTM C 441/ ,.

CRD-C 257 (WES 1949). 2-** Not determined. .4.

%F

it

Table 29


Beltane Opal (CL-4 G-1) and High-Alkali

Cements RC-756 or RC-761*

Cement- Length Change, %, at Ages ShownFine Aggregate Below, daysCombination Bar No. 7 14 21 28 56 90

1% Opal 1 0.071 0.081 0.083 0.096 0.10199% Limestone 2 ** 0.072 0.081 0.084 0.089 0.096(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.066 0.070 0.073 0.080 0.087(RC-756) Average 0.070 0.077 0.080 0.088 0.095

2% Opal 1 0.115 0.152 0.165 0.175 0.18898% Limestone 2 0.121 0.161 0.170 0.182 0.204 **(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.125 0.167 0.185 0.192 0.206(RC-761) Average 0.120 0.160 0.173 0.183 0.199

b %

4% Opal 1 0.137 0.208 0.212 0.214 0.22196% Limestone 2 0.117 0.178 0.183 0.184 0.190 **(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.119 0.185 0.190 0.191 0.198(RC-761) Average 0.124 0.190 0.195 0.196 0.203

6% Opal 1 0.092 0.119 0.123 0.124 0.13094% Limestone 2 0.055 0.087 0.090 0.090 0.095 *-(CRD-MS-28) 3 0.072 0.099 0.099 0.100 0.106(RC-761) Average 0.073 0.102 0.104 0.105 0.110

100% Opal 1 0.006 0.014 0.017 0.018 0.023(RC-761) 2 0.006 0.013 0.016 0.018 0.022 *

3 0.007 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.022Average 0.006 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.022

* 1.16 percent alkali as Na20 in RC-756; 1.07 percent alkali as Na20 in RC-

761. Bars made in accordance with ASTh C 441/CRD-C 257 (WES 1949).* Not determined.

'Z4Z4 Z.. C'

-oO.

Table 30

Chemical Analysis of Beltane Opal*

Composite of CL-4 G-1** Slab No. It

Si0 2 93.26 70.54

Al 20 31.69 5.96 1.

Fe 20 30.24 0.09

CaO 0.16 0.23

MgO <0.01 <0.01

Na 20 0.13 0.43

1(0 0.12 1.722

Total as Na 0 0.21 1.562

so3 0.40 8.90

Ignition loss, 9500 C 3.66 11.67

Total 99.66 99.54

* ;ample.s were dried at 1100 C to remove all free water before analysis.

S111con dioxide and sulfur trioxide were determined gravimetrically byfusing portions of the samples with sodium carbonate. The other oxideswere determined by an AA after fusing the samples with lithium metaborate.**Minus No. 100-mesh material. 0

SHad alunite peaks at 5.8 and 5.0 A by XRD.

,.0

V..

Table 31


Glassy Igneous Rock (CL-28 MS-I) and

High-Alkali Cement RC-725*

Length Change, %, at Ages ShownFine Aggregate Below, daysCombination Bar No. 7 14 21 28 56 90

3% Glassy Igneous 1 0.011 0.017 0.024 0.025 0.030Rock, 97% Lime- 2 0.017 0.027 0.031 0.032 0.038 **stonet 3 0.011 0.020 0.025 0.026 0.032 ,"

4 0.017 0.020 0.026 0.029 0.032Average 0.014 0.021 0.026 0.028 0.033

6% Glassy Igneous 1 0.016 0.073 0.107 0.133 0.182Rock, 94% Lime- 2 0.012 0.022 0.030 0.035 0.048 **

stonet 3 0.016 0.025 0.035 0.037 0.0484 0.021 0.087 0.127 0.158 0.225

Average 0.016 0.052 0.075 0.091 0.126

12% Glassy Igneous 1 0.025 0.037 0.051 0.055 0.065Rock, 88% Lime- 2 0.019 0.060 0.097 0.130 0.209 **stonet 3 0.025 0.044 0.052 0.055 0.064

4 0.015 0.054 0.088 0.115 0.185Average 0.021 0.049 0.072 0.089 0.131

100% Glassy Igneous 1 0.018 0.038 0.049 0.049 0.061 0.061Rock 2 0.017 0.037 0.048 0.050 0.064 0.065

3 0.019 0.037 0.047 0.051 0.061 0.0614 0.018 0.037 0.046 0.051 0.059 0.060

Average 0.018 0.037 0.048 0.050 0.061 0.062

* 0.78 percent alkali as Na 20. Bars made in accordance with ASTM C 227/

CRD-C 123 (WES 1949).** Not determined.

t A mixture of CRD-MS-28 and CL-2 MS-1(3).

:1*

.1%

Table 32


Glassy Igneous Rock (CL-28 MS-I) and

High-Alkali Portland Cement RC-756(2)*

Length Change, %, at Ages ShownFine Aggregate Below, daysCombination Bar No. 7 14 21 28 56 90

5% Glassy Igneous 1 0.046 0.107 0.127 0.138 0.150Rock, 95% Lime- 2 0.049 0.110 0.137 0.146 0.159 **

stonet 3 0.017 0.036 0.049 0.064 0.1124 0.015 0.035 0.055 0.075 0.143

Average 0.032 0.072 0.092 0.106 0.141


4 0.039 0.136 0.188 0.231 0.321Average 0.034 0.114 0.160 0.199 0.285


4 0.075 0.197 0.252 0.297 0.384Average 0.064 0.175 0.229 0.268 0.341


4 0.107 0.252 0.298 0.330 0.364Average 0.097 0.223 0.281 0.306 0.349

100% Glassy Igneous 1 0.057 0.096 0.154 0.180 0.239 0.242Rock 2 0.035 0.106 0.159 0.184 0.240 0.244

3 0.030 0.075 0.100 0.112 0.144 0.1444 0.002 0.026 0.118 0.134 0.167 0.167

Average 0.031 0.090 0.133 0.154 0.198 0.199

* 1.31 percent alkali as Na 20. Bars made in accordance with ASTM C 227/CRD-C 123 (WES 1949).

** Not determined.t A mixture of CRD-MS-28 and CL-2 MS-1(3).

'.%

o- '° ,'.." ° ,,..°° . .- . . . ........... ° " ... . . ..... . .. . . . . . . ...

Table 33

Chemical Analysis of Glassy Igneous "

Rock (CL-28 MS-I)* N

Percent by WeightMajor Oxides** Run I Run 2 Average

SiO 2 67.12 66.98 67.05

Al 0 17.23 17.78 17.512 3

Fe203 2.43 2.50 2.47

CaO 4.79 4.63 4.71

MgO 0.65 0.64 0.65

Na 20 3.87 3.84 3.86

K20 1.80 1.80 1.802

MnO 0.07 0.07 0.07

TiO 0.10 0.09 0.102

P205 0.08 0.08 0.08

Loss on Ignition, 1,000' C 0.71 -- 0.71

99.01

* A portion was ground to pass a No. 100 sieve; two subsamples were then

analyzed.** All oxides except TiO and P 0 were determined by AA on a sample fused

2 2 5with lithium metaborate; the fusion was then dissolved by 1:3 HC1 acid.Titanium dioxide was determined by AA using the solution prepared foralkali analysis. The P205 was determined with a colorimeter using an acid

solution by ASTM C 114/CRD-C 209 (WES 1949). O

-'.

".. 2

Table 34 %

Length Change of Mortar Bars Made with 80 Percent

Reactive Chert (CL-22 MS-i), High-Alkali

Portland Cement RC-725,* and Different

Amounts of Pozzolans**

Length Change, %, at Ages ShownBelow, days

Pozzolan Bar No. 7 14 21 28 56 90 108

None 2 0.008 0.022 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.025 0.0183 0.003 t ..........4 0.005 0.017 0.012 0.014 0.015 0.024 0.0161 0.009 0.019 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.025 0.018

Average 0.006 0.019 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.025 0.017

30% AD-505 3 0.005 0.022 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.025 0.0134 0.009 0.024 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.025 0.0151 0.006 0.017 0.009 0.011 0.012 0.022 0.0182 0.007 0.016 0.009 0.009 0.011 0.020 0.013

Average 0.007 0.020 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.023 0.015

50% AD-509 3 0.005 0.027 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.019 0.0101 0.010 0.025 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.020 0.0122 0.009 0.020 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.022 0.0144 0.005 0.018 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.016 0.008

Average 0.007 0.022 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.019 0.011

130.0

10% AD-518 3 0.006 0.023 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.025 0.0181 0.008 0.023 0.013 0.016 0.017 0.027 0.0184 0.005 0.022 0.011 0.012 0.015 0.022 0.0172 0.005 0.023 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.022 0.013

Average 0.006 0.023 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.024 0.016

* 0.78 percent alkali as Na 0.** Made and tested in accordance with ASTM C 227/CRD-C 123 (WES 1949).t Insert came out of bar.

h.

*4N

.4

Table 35


Reactive Chert (CL-22 MS-I), High-Alkali

Portland Cement RC-756(2),* and Different


Length Change, Z, at Ages ShownBelow, days

Pozzolan Bar No. 7 14 21 28 56 90 108

None 3 0.004 0.020 0.011 0.009 0.009 0.014 0.0062 0.005 0.023 0.011 0.014 0.014 0.022 0.0161 0.007 0.018 0.012 0.016 0.017 0.025 0.0184 0.005 0.014 0.009 0.011 0.012 0.019 0.012

Average 0.005 0.019 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.020 0.013

50% AD-505 1 0.003 0.022 0.010 0.012 0.014 0.026 0.0154 0.001 0.017 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.021 0.0132 0.006 0.020 0.011 0.014 0.015 0.025 0.0163 0.001 0.017 0.007 0.010 0.010 0.019 0.012

Average 0.003 0.019 0.010 0.012 0.013 0.023 0.014

602 AD-509 1 0.004 0.019 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.021 0.0124 Broken -----------------------------------------------3 0.003 0.022 0.008 0.011 0.011 0.021 0.012 02 0.005 0.013 0.008 0.011 0.011 0.019 0.012

Average 0.004 0.018 0.008 0.011 0.011 0.020 0.012

10% AD-518 4 0.004 0.023 0.009 0.012 0.012 0.019 0.0131 0.005 0.021 0.010 0.013 0.014 0.023 0.017 e3 0.004 0.015 0.010 0.014 0.015 0.024 0.0152 0.001 0.012 0.003 0.005 0.007 0.015 0.008

Average 0.004 0.018 0.008 0.011 0.012 0.020 0.013

* 1.31 percent alkali as Na 20.

** Made and tested in accordance with ASTh C 227/CRD-C 123 (WES 1949).

N. *

%..e

i.N4

' .' i ' " " . .' -" " -' 2 . ' . .' ." ' .

" ' .' .' .' , - .' .' -' ' .' . -' .' ' .' - .' .' ' -' . . "" - "" ' " " ' . " ' " ' ." . " '". .' ."-. ." ." "..-."." ".".. .".".".. . . . ." .. ".. .° ' ' ~ T ' l ' ';e..•" '. " - " 'e ' - , ' ,7 ." ." " '

"" - ,

o"- ,- - . . .- p °- , - ." .

Table 36

Length Change of Mortar Bars Made with 1-1/2 Percent m

Reactive Opal (CL-4 G-1), High-Alkali Portland

Cement RC-725,* and Different Amounts

of Pozzolans**


Pozzolan Bar No. 7 14 21 28 56 90 113.--

No Pozzolan 3 0.017 0.035 0.042 0.043 0.050 0.063 0.0664 0.019 0.030 0.043 0.043 0.049 0.063 0.0662 0.018 0.034 0.045 0.045 0.054 0.069 0.0761 0.018 0.037 0.045 0.045 0.058 0.082 0.085

Average 0.018 0.034 0.044 0.044 0.053 0.069 0.073

30% AD-505 2 0.015 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.016 0.017 0.020 "X4 0.011 0.012 0.017 0.016 0.014 0.017 0.0191 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.019 0.0213 0.015 0.016 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.020 0.021

Average 0.014 0.015 0.018 0.018 0.015 0.018 0.020

50% AD-509 3 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.011 0.0134 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.007 0.009 0.0121 0.011 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.0132 0.012 0.015 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.016 0.017

Average 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.014

10% AD-518 2 0.017 0.027 0.051 0.075 0.164 0.194 0.1971 0.017 0.020 0.033 0.058 0.175 0.224 0.2733 0.016 0.025 0.033 0.040 0.119 0.138 0.1464 0.015 0.022 0.027 0.025 0.045 0.080 0.10st

Average 0.016 0.024 0.036 0.050 0.153 0.185 0.205

* 0.78 percent alkali as Na 0.** Made and tested in accordance with ASTM C 227/CRD-C 123 (WES 1949).

t Value not included in average. 'A

%.'

S.1

4"

,1,

4,.

% ,. 'nll , . ,.,.. .,.. ,. . .,. ,. .. . % ,,,,.,. .,. . ,, % - . ". -. .. s.... %,,, . .,.

Al

Table 37


Reactive Opal (CL-4 G-1), High-Alkali Portland

Cement RC-756(2),* and Different Amounts

of Pozzolans**

Length Change, Z, at Ages ShownBelow, days

Pozzolan Bar No. 7 14 21 28 56 90 113

No Pozzolan 4 0.076 0.111 0.130 0.130 0.143 0.211 0.2175 0.073 0.095 0.129 0.135 0.160 0.196 0.228

2 0.073 0.091 0.142 0.144 0.154 0.179 0.1893 0.072 0.101 0.109 0.10 0.146 0.174 0.176

Average 0.074 0.100 0.128 0.130 0.152 0.190 0.202m

502 AD-505 4 0.007 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.006 0.010 0.0123 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.013 0.009 0.013 0.0166 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.008 0.0084 0.009 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.009 0.011 0.0122 0.00 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.008 0.010 0.012

60% AD-509 3 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.007 0.008 0.010 *6

4 0.009 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.009 0.011 0.012 0.2 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.008 0.012 0.013 .a

1 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.008 0.012 0.012Avera.ge 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.008 0.011 0.012

10% AD-518 4 0.083 0.127 0.153 0.167 0.242 0.312 0.3422 0.078 0.115 0.145 0.165 0.248 0.307 0.3321 0.079 0.131 0.155 0.167 0.232 0.276 0.2773 0.076 0.220 0.245 0.262 0.339 0.387 0.395

Average 0.079 0.148 0.174 0.190 0.265 0.320 0.336

* 1.31 percent alkali as Na 20.

** Made and tested in accordance with ASTM C 227/CRD-C 123 (WES 1949).

.5-, , -, 'N ,..Iw.- ... ,5 -..--...-. ..-.. -. ,-.. - -- , .. . ,...-. ._, - -... -...

Table 38


Glassy Igneous Rock (CL-28 MS-i), High-Alkali

Portland Cement RC-725,* and Different

Amounts of Pozzolans** Z


Pozzolan Bar No. 7 14 21 27 56 90 105

No Pozzolan 4 0.016 0.034 0.055 0.072 0.132 0.166 0.1651 0.013 0.029 0.050 0.069 0.140 0.175 0.176 U3 0.017 0.030 0.048 0.065 0.128 0.158 0.1602 0.016 0.033 0.054 0.073 0.143 0.173 0.173

Average 0.016 0.032 0.052 0.070 0.136 0.168 0.16830% AD-505 2 0.000 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.007 0.013 0.015

1 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.008 0.014 0.0153 0.004 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.010 0.015 0.0174 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.013 0.014

Average 0.002 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.008 0.014 0.015

50% AD-509 1 0.009 0.009 0.011 0.010 0.014 0.015 0.0162 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.014 0.0163 0.008 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.012 0.014 0.0184 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.011 0.015 0.014

Average 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.011 0.014 0.016

10% AD-518 2 0.011 0.018 0.021 0.024 0.060 0.100 0.1031 0.010 0.016 0.019 0.020 0.043 0.076 0.0814 0.010 0.017 0.021 0.021 0.040 0.061 0.0593 0.011 0.016 0.019 0.021 0.043 0.073 0.073

Average 0.010 0.017 0.020 0.022 0.046 0.078 0.079

* 0.78 percent alkali as Na2O.

** Made and tested in accordance with ASTM C 227/CRD-C 123 (WES 1949). I"m

"ol

L U

Table 39


*Glassy Igneous Rock (CL-28 MS-I), High-AlkalI-

Portland Cement RC-756(2),* and Different



Pozzolan Bar No. 7 14 21 27 56 90 105

*No Pozzolan 3 0.097 0.256 0.316 0.342 0.425 0.442 0.4424 0.089 0.255 0.318 0.357 0.445 0.457 0.4571 0.088 0.257 0.316 0.342 0.449 0.455 0.4552 0.099 0.266 0.331 0.348 0.435 0.450 0.454

Average 0.093 0.258 0.320 0.347 0.438 0.451 0.452

50% AD-505 2 0.004 0.013 0.014 0.013 0.014 0.021 0.0231 0.003 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.012 0.018 0.0203 0.002 0.008 0.007 0.007 0.015 0.020 0.0224 0.001 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.015 0.022 0.025

Average 0.002 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.014 0.020 0.022

*60% AD-509 4 0.006 0.009 0.010 0.009 0.013 0.018 0.0203 0.008 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.013 0.017 0.0172 0.006 0.009 0.006 0.006 0.010 0.016 0.0191 0.006 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.012 0.016 0.016

Average 0.006 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.012 0.017 0.018

*10% AD-518 3 0.026 0.153 0.212 0.258 0.374 0.400 0.412

2 0.024 0.133 0.186 0.220 0.335 0.378 0.3854 0.024 0.143 0.207 0.239 0.356 0.383 0.3821 0.027 0.140 0.190 0.229 0.303 0.361 0.366

Average 0.025 0.142 0.199 0.236 0.342 0.380 0.386

*1.31 percent alkali as Na 0.** MadMaeand tested in accordance with ASTh C 227/CRD-C 123 (WES 1949). n

N

I,

Table 40


Opal (CL-4 G-1), High-Alkali Cement RC-756(2),

and Different Amounts of Natural

Pozzolan (AD-518)*

Length Change, %, at Ages ShownBelow, days %

Admixture Bar No. 7 14 21 29 59 91

None 1 0.117 0.173 0.179 0.192 0.234 0.2594 0.089 0.146 0.155 0.157 0.179 0.2143 0.105 0.133 0.139 0.147 0.186 0.2342 0.124 0.178 0.182 0.193 0.231 0.258

Average 0.109 0.158 0.164 0.172 0.208 0.241

5% AD-518 2 0.097 0.044** 0.151 0.159 0.217 0.2551 0.056 0.109 0.109 0.118 0.149 0.1844 0.069 0.118 0.123 0.135 0.184 0.2083 0.080 0.128 0.133 0.139 0.182 0.234

Average 0.076 0.118 0.129 0.138 0.183 0.220

10% AD-518 3 0.087 0.115 0.120 0.128 0.208 0.2502 0.085 0.118 0.125 0.138 0.209 0.2691 0.074 0.114 0.118 0.135 0.224 0.2794 0.083 0.110 0.116 0.129 0.170 0.222 e

Average 0.082 0.114 0.120 0.132 0.203 0.255 1%20% AD-518 4 0.018 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.024 0.037

3 0.015 0.019 0.021 0.022 0.035 0.0452 0.012 0.022 0.019 0.019 0.033 0.0441 0.009 0.014 0.017 0.017 0.031 0.050

Average 0.014 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.031 0.032

25% AD-518 3 0.003 0.009 0.010 0.012 t4 0.044** 0.051** 0.051"* 0.053** f1 0.004 0.008 0.011 0.010 '2 0.002 0.007 0.007 0.010 t

Average 0.003 0.007 0.009 0.011 %

30% AD-518 4 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.010 0.0131 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.009 0.012 0.0142 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.005 0.009 0.0123 0.005 0.007 0.009 0.007 0.011 0.013

Average 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.007 0.010 0.013

Made and tested in accordance with ASTM C 227/CRD-C 123 (WES 1949).** This value not included in average.

Testing stopped after the 29-day reading.

" I.

S."i

Table 41

Compressive Strength of Concrete and Mortar Made with

Granite Gneiss (CL-14 G-I(B), CL-14 MS-i) and

High-Alkali Cement RC-756(2)*

Concrete Compressive Mortar Compressive

Specimen No.** Age, days Strength, psit Strength, psitt

B-I 7 3,130B-2 3,030

Average 3,080 4,450

B-3 28 3,640B-4 3,750

Average 3,700 5,510

B-5 90 4,210 (5,640, 56 days)B-6 4,290

Average 4,250 6,400

B-7 180 4,030 ,,,B-8 4,260

Average 4,150 6,000

B-9 365 3,720B-10 4,410

Average 4,070 6,670

* 1.31 percent alkali as Na2 0,** 3- by 6-in. cylinder. 2t 0.49 water-to-cement ratio; ratio of cement to aggregate is 0.23.

tt 0.53 water-to-cement ratio; ratio of cement to aggregate is 0.44. Eachvalue is the average of a ,air of 2- by 2- by 2-in. cubes. .5

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