smith’s aerospace © p. bailey & k. vander linden, 2006 the unified modeling language patrick...

Smith’s Aerospace © P. Bailey & K. Vander Linden, 2006

The Unified Modeling Language

Patrick BaileyKeith Vander LindenCalvin College

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Smith’s Aerospace © P. Bailey & K. Vander Linden, 2005 Dilbert © United Feature Syndicate, Inc.

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The Unified Modeling Language● UML is a visual language for

specifying, constructing and documenting the artifacts of systems.

● Characteristics:– A collection of diagramming languages– Non-proprietary– Semi-formal– Object-oriented– Process-neutral

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Outline● Modeling● History● Diagrams● Example● Using UML

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Modeling: Architecture

Images from Calvin College, August, 2005

Models are a representations of certain aspects of the world.

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System

Modeling: Systems

database

Post Book

Seller

Update Profile

Request Price Comparison

Remove Book

Buyer

Request a Watch

Login

<<include>>

<<include>>

<<include>>

Request Book

<<include>>

Search for Books

<<include>>

<<include>> <<include>>

<<include>>

Book CD/DVD

Course SectionIDnameprofessor

getItems()requestHold()

ItemtitlecreatoraskingPrice

setCourse()requestItem()findRequests()

DataBase

backup()findUser()findItem()findCourse()removeItem()

<<persistent>>

UserloginNamepasswordemailAddressphoneNumberfullName

getItems()removeItem()sendEmailTo()checkPassword()removeRequest()

0..n 0..n0..n0..n 0..n 10..n 1

DBBuyer DBSeller

Mary : Seller login : Login Page

bc : DataBase

Mary : DBSeller

s : Search Page

r : Remove Page

UML Distilled : Book

John : DBBuyer

1: login( )

2: findUser( )

3: checkPassword( )

4: start( )

5: findItem( )6: start( )

7: findRequests( )

8: sendEmailTo( )9: removeItem( )

Models are a representations of certain aspects of the world.

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Modeling and Reality● Blueprints aren’t buildings. ● Models aren’t systems.

Image from www.wikipedia.org, August, 2005

Book CD/DVD

Course SectionIDnameprofessor

getItems()requestHold()

ItemtitlecreatoraskingPrice

setCourse()requestItem()findRequests()

DataBase

backup()findUser()findItem()findCourse()removeItem()

<<persistent>>

UserloginNamepasswordemailAddressphoneNumberfullName

getItems()removeItem()sendEmailTo()checkPassword()removeRequest()

0..n 0..n0..n0..n 0..n 10..n 1

DBBuyer DBSeller

Ceci n’est pas une système

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● Each amigo (and dozens of others) had created their own modeling languages / processes in the 1980’s.

● They joined forces at Rational in the mid-90’s to create a “Unified” Modeling Language.

The Three Amigos UML

Images from www.rational.com, January, 2003

GradyBooch

James Rumbaugh

Ivar Jacobson

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● The OMG, a non-profit consortium of companies, produces and maintains standards.

● UML Standards:– UML 2.0 Superstructure, 2004

● UML Profiles– Real-time profile, 2005

Images from www.omg.org, August, 2005

OMG UML Standards

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UML Tools

There are many tools that support UML:– IBM Rational Rose– iLogix Rhapsody– Microsoft Visio– Sparx Enterprise Architect– …

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Diagramming Languages● UML Diagramming languages

provide various views on a single meta-model.

● These views are loosely organized into the following types of diagrams:– Structural

– Behavioral

● UML 2.0 includes 13 languages.

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UML 2.0 DiagramsDiagram«abstract»

Structure«abstract»

Behavior«abstract»

Class

Object

Package

Component

Deployment

CompositeStructure

UseCase

Interaction«abstract»

StateMachine

Activity

SequenceCommunication Timing

InteractionOverview

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Example: Use-Case Diagram

Dishwasher

WashDishes

ServiceDishwasher

CleansingEngineerCleansingEngineer

ServiceEngineerServiceEngineer

Example from www.ilogix.com, August, 2005

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Example: Class Diagram


Display«entrypoint»

Dishwasher«Singleton»

rinseTime:IntegerwashTime:IntegerdryTime:Integercycles:Integer

isDried():BooleanisWashed():BooleanisRinsed():Booleansetup():voiddec_rinse_time():void

«Usage»

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Example: State Diagram

Off

Open

Running

Washing

op_tick/dec_wash_time;

Rinsing

[isWashed]

op_tick/dec_rinse_time; Drying

[isRinsed]

op_tick/dec_dry_time;

op_close

op_open

op_start/setup;

op_tick/dec_wash_time;

[isWashed]

op_tick/dec_rinse_time;

[isRinsed]

[isDried]

op_tick/dec_dry_time;

Done

Done


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Example: Compilation


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Example: Execution


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Using UMLLanguage = syntax + semantics +

pragmatics

● 20% of UML is used 80% of the time.

● UML can model garbage or gold with equal ease.

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Using UML: Why?● Conceptual modeling

● Software modeling

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Using UML: How?● Sketch

● Blueprint

● Programming language

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Using UML: Directionality● Forward engineering

● Reverse engineering

● Round-trip

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UML and Software Process● UML fits naturally into traditional

software development processes.

● UML is also compatible with agile development processes:– Model to support

discovery/communication.– Don’t model all of the system.– Prefer simple tools.

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Criticisms of UML● UML is often seen as:

– too informal– too big– not big enough

● Bell, Alex E., “Death by UML Fever”, ACM Queue, 2(1), March, 2004.

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