smiles

May 2010

VLC Record BasesIncrease Predictability in Removable Prosthodontics

Regenerate YourCrown/Bridge ProcessingIntroduction to GC OneBody Concept

Smiles_MAY10:Smiles 5/11/2010 12:48 PM

Smilesis the official journal of the

Dental Laboratory Associationof the State of New York

Executive Board and Staff

PresidentWilliam Baum, MDT, CDTBill Baum Dental Studio Inc.

Vice President, EducationTechnician RelationsRaymond Rayeski, CDTHighland Acres Dental Labs Inc.

SecretaryMark ViscusiViscusi Dental Lab

CongressGary Spadaro, Jr.Liberty Dental Laboratory518-344-5372

MembershipGary Spadaro Sr.Liberty Dental Laboratory

Professional RelationsGail Broderick, MDTJason Kim DentalLaboratory

PublisherEttore Palmeri,MBA, AGD, B.Ed., BA,Palmeri Publishing Inc.

Treasurer/Budget & FinancePaul Federico, MDT

How to contact us

Contributions from clinicians, lab owners, suppliers, readers, etc., are solely the opinion of the writers anddo not constitute the endorsement of this publication or its staff.

SMILES makes every effort to report clinical information and manufacturer’s product news accurately butcannot assume responsibility for the validity of product claims or for typographical errors. The publishersalso do not assume responsibility for product names, claims, or statements made by advertisers.

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In this issue…

Editorial ......................................................................... 4Ettore Palmeri, MBA, AGDM, BA, B.Ed

VLC Record BasesIncrease Predictability in Removable Prosthodontics ............6Allen Schneider, DDS

Regenerate Your Crown/Bridge ProcessingIntroduction to GC One Body Concept ............................. 14Luke S. Kahng, CDT

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With retirement savings decimated and jobs and houses lost during the panic of 2008-2009,fear and anger are understandable. We all want someone to blame and there is plenty ofblame to go around. However, upon reflecting on the overall economic situation, I feel

that there are also many good reasons to be optimistic today. We live during a period of unbelievabletechnological progress in all job sectors. The combination of technology and entrepreneurship ispushing many of us toward great new inventions right now, as it has for hundreds of years.Productivity is booming once again, we continuously hear that the potential of the Internet hasbarely been realized and that new drugs and medical equipment are being created at a frenetic pace.It is evident that the rate of change is not going to slow down. Knowledge, technology andcompetition seem to multiply, increasing yet again the speed of change to almost breathtaking levels.

To ensure that your life stays on a trajectory of increasing success, your goal should be to become a masterof change rather than a victim of change; thus we need to embrace the opportunities change brings.

I cannot count how many times I have heard dentists discuss their business and their career strategiesand say that they wished they had acted more decisively on what they were facing, regardless of theexternal circumstances. They all feel that this action would have allowed them to take immediate controlof a situation rather than waiting for an event or someone else to be their catalyst.

The most successful people in life are those who recognize that an opportunity is generallydisguised as challenge and are willing to invest their time, effort and money to face the challenge andembrace the opportunity.

I am often asked how we can recognize an opportunity when it is not clearly evident. My bestsuggestion is to practice looking at your life, career, and business as an optimist.

We need to be aware that life and business experiences uncover different situations and thusdifferent learning opportunities. Now, as in the past, we need to engage in social and professionalevents within our communities. This broadens our horizons and expands our minds, ultimatelyhelping us find those hidden opportunities we are looking for.

The optimistic characteristic mentioned above has to be supported by self awareness. It is extremelyimportant that we understand our strengths and weaknesses, our values and our vision for the future. Atthis stage, we can be in a position to recognize opportunities when they present themselves.

A characteristic that most successful and happy people have is that they are intensely futureoriented. They think about the future most of the time. They refuse to dwell on what has happenedin the past or on things that cannot be changed and are willing to learn from them. At the same time,the same individuals focus on factors that are under their control and on the actions they can take tocreate the kind of future they desire.

The Future is Ours…

Ettore Palmeri, MBA, AGDM, BA, B.Ed

Editorial


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VLC Record BasesIncrease Predictability inRemovable Prosthodontics

Allen Schneider, DDS

Abstract

Management of partially edentulous patients can stillbe a prosthodontic challenge. Replacing the missingteeth with conventional removable partial dentures(RPDs) is the traditional method for the treatment ofpartial edentulism.1 The development of sophisticatednarrow diameter implant techniques to producesatisfying results improves prosthetic rehabilitation.2

Visible Light Cured (VLC) resins significantly increasethe predictability of a restoration, contributing to theprecise planning of both implant placement andsubsequent esthetic and functional rehabilitation.In t his case, a patient presenting wit h anter iormandibular restoration needs was rehabilitated with areinforced VLC partial denture, supported by locatorimplants. This proved to be a clinically predictable andcost effective treatement for the partially edentulouspatient.

Case Study

The prosthodontic rehabilitation section of this case studybegins with a patient presenting as in figures 1, with threeimplants (Locator, Zest Anchors, Escondido, CA) in place.Two of these were in the root canal of anterior mandibularteeth, and the third in the mandible itself (Fig. 1a).

VLC Record Base as a Lab Communication Tool

To initiate the prosthodontic rehabilitation, a final impressionwas taken using a VPS material and a disposable tray (Exafastand COE, GC America, Alsip, IL) with locator analogs in place.Putty VPS was placed in the palate to create a box rim analog.The master cast was poured using a fast setting gypsumcomposite (Earth Stone, TAK Systems, Wareham, MA). Theboundaries of the record base were marked on the model (Fig.1b), after block out was accomplished using a contrast-coloredmodeling compound (Play-Doh, Hasbro, Pawtucket, RI).

Fig. 1a: Patient at presentation Fig. 1b: Marked Master Model


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Visible Light Cured resin Gel (Triad, Dentsply Prosthetics,York, PA) was then used to follow the outline (Fig. 2a). Alength of about an inch at a time was laid out following themarkings. The Triad Gel was tack-set with a handheld light(Coltolux, Coltene Whaledent, Cuyahoga Falls, OH) toincrease stability in handling, though the manufacturer’sdirections do not call for this step. This step offers a clearboundary to fabricate the record base in the next step.

Transheet VLC record base material (Triad, DentsplyProsthetics, York, PA) was adapted to the boundaries markedby the Triad gel (Fig. 2b). Note that the record base is kept 2-

3mm below the plane of occlusion, and notches are created init. The record base is then cured according to directions in theTriad 2000 VLC curing unit (Figs. 3a, 3b). The cured recordbase then becomes an effective lab communication tool.3

The Triad record base fabricated in the previous step canbe enhanced by the addition of a simple bite registration step.

The notches placed in the record base act as a mechanicalretention. Recall that the record base is fabricated to fit wellbelow the plane of occlusion by 1-2mm (Fig. 4a). The finaljaw relation record can then be picked up with a VPSregistration material (Fig. 4b) with a mousse-like viscosity

Fig. 2a:Triad Gel

Outlining

Fig. 2b: TriadTransheetRecordBase

Fig. 3a:Cured

RecordBase on

Model

Fig. 3b:GingivalAspect ofRecordBase

Fig. 4a:Record

Base withRetention

Fig. 4b:Final JawRelationRecord


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(Access Blue, Centrix, Shelton, CT). The bite registration(Fig. 5a) can then be transferred into mounted casts (Fig. 5b),giving the laboratory comprehensive information aboutthe case, including all relevant spatial relationships.4

Overall, this process cuts down a process of 2-3appointments to 60-90 minutes.

Partial Denture Fabrication and Delivery

Given the span of the partial denture and the flexureconstraints imposed by the implants, I decided to prescribea hybrid partial denture – one created of a visible lightcured denture base resin (Eclipse, Dentsply Prosthetics,

York, PA) reinforced with a durable chrome-cobalt alloy(Vitallium 2000, Dentsply Prosthetics, York, PA).

The contour and set-up resin areas on this RPD would befabricated using a conventional high-strength acrylic(Lucitone 199, Dentsply Prosthetics, York PA). The design andfabrication of the cast partial framework is illustrated below(Figs. 6a, 6b). The framework was microetched and coatedwith a primer (Metal Primer II, GC America, Alisp IL).

The choice of VLC resin systems for the partial denturebase is also significant. Processing of the dentures withtraditional methods has been a time consumingprocedure. This normally delays delivery of the finisheddentures following the try-in appointment.

Fig. 5a: Bite

Registrationwith Record

Base

Fig. 5b: MountedCasts

Fig. 6a:Cast

VitalliumFramework

Fig. 6b:Frameworkin MountedCast

Fig. 7a:AdaptingEclipse to

Model

Fig. 7b:ReinforcedEclipseBaseplate


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Utilizing the new lightcurable system, Eclipse (DentsplyProsthetics, York, PA), baseplate processing time can beshortened to less then thirty (30) minutes.5 A furtheradvantage to the system is that the resin is processed directlyon to the model, reducing the possibility of distortion ininjecting (Figs. 7a, 7b).

The processed Eclipse base plate is used with wax and highlycross-linked acrylic teeth (Portrait IPN, Dentsply Prosthetics,York PA) for try-in (Fig. 8a). The patient expressed satisfactionwith the occlusal scheme after minor modification (Fig. 8b).Functionality was verified with phonetic excursions.6

A high impact strength denture base acrylic (Lucitone

199, Dentsply Prosthetics, York, PA) was used to create thecontour and set-up areas of the partial denture using aconventional flasking process. The finished denture wasesthetic, and created an excellent fit (Figs. 9a, 9b).

The manufacturer recommended tool (Zest Anchors,Escondido, CA) was used to remove the locators. Malelocator retention options were evaluated, and straightlocators (3-1.5lb torque) were selected. The male locatorswere inserted into the RPD, and the final result delivered tothe patient (Figs. 10a, 10b). The patient expressed estheticand functional satisfaction. He was subsequentlyinstructed in home care and dismissed.

Fig. 8a: Record Base

with Wax

Fig. 8b: PatientTry-In

Fig. 9a:Finished

RPD

Fig. 9b:FinishedRPD –AlternateView

Fig. 10a:RPD

Insertion

Fig. 10b:RPDInsertion –AlternateView


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Summary

Implant supported RPDs deliver many of the combinedadvantages of fixed and removable partial dentures tothe patient. The use of an expedited clinical andlaboratory sequence, featuring visible light curedsystems (Triad, Eclipse, Dentsply Prosthetics, York, PA)enhances efficiencies in delivering patient care. Thepredictability of the prosthodontic rehabilitation, in theauthor’s opinion, was significantly increased by use ofthe VLC record base and final RPD base.

References1. Chikunov I, Doan P, Vahidi F., Implant-retained partial overdenture with

resilient attachments, J Prosthodont. 2008 Feb;17(2):141-8.

2. Aydin M, Yilmaz A, Kâtiboğlu B, Tunç EP, ITI implants and Dolder barsin the treatment of large traumatic defect of mandible: a clinical report,Dent Traumatol. 2004 Dec;20(6):348-52.

3. Harvey WL, Brada BJ, An update of a one-appointment masterimpression and jaw relation record technique, Quintessence Int. 1992Aug;23(8):547-50.

4. Fish SF, Partial dentures. 2. Jaw relationships, Brit Dent J. 1970 Mar17;128(6):289-92.

5. Kurtzman GM, Melton AB, Full arch removable prosthetics with Eclipse,Spect. Denturism 2008 Mar 2(1), 1-8.

6. Pound E. Controlling anomalies of vertical dimension and speech. JProsthet Dent. 1976;36(2):124-135.

About the AuthorAllen L. Schneider, D.D.S., F.A.G.D., D.I.C.O.I., is agraduate of Georgetown University School of Dentistry,and maintains a prinvate practice in Springfield, VA. He isan adjunct instructor in the Restorative Department; TuftsUniversity School of Dental Medicine, and also services asa consultant to the V.A. Hospital General PracticeResidency Program in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Helectures nationally and internationally and has articlespublished in the field of Dental Implantology.


14 DLANY Smiles

Regenerate Your Crown/Bridge Processing Introduction to GC One Body Concept

Luke S. Kahng, CDT

What is One Body Concept? It is feldspathicbased, blended porcelain which gives theoption of A, B, C and D shade possibilities. The

product was invented with the goal of saving yourlaboratory time but still delivering high accuracy and fewerremakes through repetition in shading. How is it different?One Body offers a one-color porcelain build-up powder soit does not require an enamel translucency build-up.Instead, those characteristics will be yielded with GCInitial IQ Lustre Paste, a porcelain particle with stain, sinceOne Body is not meant to be applied on the incisal area.One Body Concept works with conventional porcelainalloys, but by using only one porcelain powder.

As we have all noticed, the field of dentistry has beenflooded with new computer technology. The latest

inventions are CAD/CAM and digital impressions, allrevolutionary and intended to improve the working livesof clinicians ever ywhere. But what about dentaltechnicians? Has all this technology changed the waythey create their restorations? For the most part, no, ithasn’t affected the way they are layering porcelain at all.

Technicians are using a tried and true system andsince it works, there has been no reason to change. Andfrankly, in my opinion, layering porcelain is still thebest way to create life-like restorations most of the time.But what about the rest of the time? Has anyoneinvented another way to get the same results? That iswhat we will discuss in the following case studies, alongwith how to communicate better information regardingpatient shading.

Fig. 1: Pre-operatively, the crowns on central teeth numbers 7 and 8 didnot match the shape and color of the crowns on numbers 9 and 10.

Fig. 2: The new LSK shade guide is used to check the A2 dentin color ofprepped tooth #9.

Case 1


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Laboratory Procedures

In the first case we will talk about teeth numbers 7 and 8.They were covered by crowns made with very niceenamel overlay to the dentin, which created a naturaland life-like appearance, but were not a match with theadjacent teeth (Fig. 1).

This is because teeth numbers 9 and 10 were restoredusing PFM crowns which had grown old over time andwere opaque in color. The prescribing clinician hadchosen shade A-2, which all alone will create thatopaque look. We were being asked to match those tenyear old crowns and the question was: how? We couldhave used opaque dentin and less translucency but the

new GC One Body Concept was also a possibility. So whynot try it and see if we could save our time and effort?

If the results are the same, what difference could itmake? A prep view of tooth #9 compares with the LSKshade guide A-2 dentin color (Fig. 2).

The incisal tip is clear and after checking it with the sameshade guide, it reminded us to mimic that appearance (Fig. 3).A-2 Opaque color was applied to #8 (Fig. 4) followed by thebuild-up of “A” shade to the body of the crown (Fig. 5). Again,a GC One Body build-up is applied in shade “A” but this timeto tooth #7 (Fig. 6). After firing at 900º C, the crowns’appearance is very bumpy – almost like the concrete surface ofa sidewalk (Fig. 7). Contouring and surface texture are createdand put into the bisque bake stage before glazing (Fig. 8).

Fig. 3: The clear incisal tip is checked with the shade guide, which remindsthe technician to mimic that appearance with the final restoration.

Fig. 4: Opaque porcelain creates this appearance on the cast model.

Fig. 5: Build-up in “A” shade is applied to the body of the restorationfor #8.

Fig. 6: The next step is One Body “A” shade build-up on tooth #7.

Fig. 7: Firing at 900º C creates this bumpy surface appearance. Fig. 8: Before glazing, contour and surface texture are added to the bisquebake stage.


16 DLANY Smiles

In the next case, we were presented with an old crownon tooth #10. The first custom shade check was todetermine the patient’s surface texture with the LSK shadeguide (Figs. 13 and 14) displays the clinician’s prep design.

The base shade for the restoration is A-1 opaque (Fig. 15)with the One Body build-up applied next (Fig. 16). TheLustre Paste application in a “B” color will create incisaltranslucency (Fig. 17).

Fig. 9: GC Initial IQ Lustre Pastein “A” stain will be used tomodify the crowns.

Fig. 10: Clear incisal edge iscreated with light gray color.

Fig. 11: Final restorations are shown on the cast model.

Fig. 12: In the mouth, final restorations blend harmoniously with theadjacent teeth.

Fig. 13: A surface texture check is performed on tooth #10, an old crown,with the LSK shade guide.

Fig. 14: Preparation view for tooth #10.

Fig. 15: The A-1 base is opaque. Fig. 16: The One Body Concept build-up is applied.

GC Initial IQ “A” Lustre Paste is applied next to createthe A-2 color (Fig. 9). Subsequently, the clear incisal edgeis created with a light grey color paste (Fig. 10). The finalrestorations are displayed on the cast model (Fig. 11).Next the final view (Fig. 12) in the mouth is photographed.

Case 2


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Fig. 17:Lustre Paste

in a “B”shade is next

applied tocreate incisaltranslucency.

Fig. 18:Vibration with adentalinstrumenthelps spread thepaste evenly,before firing at780º C.

Fig. 19: The lustre paste was applied in a thin layer because if it had beenthicker, it would not have matched the patient’s texture.

Fig. 20: GC Gradia polish is applied next to produce proper texture.

Fig. 21: With the help of a Robinson brush, the crown is polished andready for seating.

Fig. 22: A try-in is completed on the cast model.

Fig. 23: The restoration is seated and photographed in the patient’smouth.

With a dental instrument in hand, vigorous vibrationhelped spread the paste evenly on the restoration(Fig. 18) after which it was fired at 780º C.

The patient has surface texture which had to be aconsideration in the final preparation, so the LustrePaste was not applied too heavily. If it had been, thetexture would not have matched with the patient’sadjacent teeth (Fig. 19). In the final step, the surface waspolished using GC Gradia (Fig. 20) and a Robinson brush(Fig. 21).

The final restoration is displayed on the cast model(Fig. 22) and in the patient’s mouth (Fig. 23).


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Our last case presentation involves a Maryland bridgefor tooth #5, with before prep view (Fig. 24). Next is anocclusal view of the prep (Fig. 25).

The GC Milling Center in Costa Mesa, CA, fabricatedthe final inlay/onlay Maryland Bridge (Fig. 26). The finalrestoration is shown in the mouth (Fig. 27).

Conclusion

As you can see from the case photographs, GC’s One BodyConcept will give us esthetic results when thecircumstances are right, especially for the molars. Porcelainlayering still works best under most conditions, but whywaste time and product unwisely if you don’t need to?

How do you know when that is the case? Look especiallyfor the cases when you are asked to match a fake crown or asurface texture. Building up your porcelain is not requiredwith those types of restorations and the One BodyConcept, along with the porcelain particle staining willwork very well.

It is not limited to either posterior or anterior teeth;you can use it with both. The product recommends itself– give it a try.

Fig. 24: Before preparation, tooth #5 will be a Maryland Bridge. Fig. 25: Prepped occlusion view.

Fig. 26: Final inlay/onlay GC Milling Center bridge. Fig. 27: Final restoration in the mouth.

Case 3

About the AuthorLuke S. Kahng, CDT has been a dentaltechnician for over two decades; foundedCapital Dental Technology Laboratories, Inc.,parent company of LSK121, Oral Prostheticslaboratory in 1996. He has been publishedextensively in dental magazines including TheJournal of Aesthetic Dentistry, PracticalProcedures and Aesthetic Dentistry, The

Journal of Cosmetic Dentistry, QDT Book, Spectrum dialogue,Contemporary Esthetics, Inside Dentistry and FunctionalEsthetics, and TeamWork. He is a Section Editor for PPADmagazine as well as a Spectrum dialogue board member. A strongproponent of collaborative dentistry, Mr. Kahng stresseseducation, communication and a team approach to patient care,resulting in maximum function, comfort and esthetic appeal.


Vident – Winner of InauguralPrescribevita.com Contest

David Guichet, DDS and Debra Wasky,CDT of Providence Prosthodontics DentalGroup are the inaugural winners of Vident’sprescribevita.com contest. Doctors andtechnicians were invited to submit their bestbefore and after case study toprescribevita.com, Vident's interactivewebsite that provides a place to share beforeand after case photos, explore the entire lineof VITA restorative materials and gain accessto specials and discounts. A panel ofindependent experts reviewed the casessubmitted based on dental esthetics andselected the case from ProvidenceProsthodontics Dental Group as the winner.The winners received a $1,000 check and aspecial commemorative plaque. For moreinformation, call 800-828-3839 or visitwww.vident.com.

____________________

GC Advanced Technologies & PreciseStructures Create Strategic Partnership

GC America’s newest division, GCAdvanced Technologies Inc. (GCAT) isproud to introduce a new strategicpartnership. GC Advanced TechnologiesInc. and Precise Structures, Laguna Hills,CA. are sharing digital technologies that will

allow both companies to design and GCATto mill custom abutments including multipleZr shading. While abutment design willutilize Precise's expertise, the milling ofcustom abutments will take advantage ofGC's materials and milling technology. Bothscanning and designing will also takeadvantage of 3 Shape scanning and software.

For more information, contact Mr. BrianSanchez, National Sales Manger, GCAT at866-925-4228, Mr. Kim Karpowitz, President,Precise Structures at 949-582-1824, or visitwww.gc-at.com or www.precisestructures.com.

____________________

DTI Appoints Lee Culp, CDT,as Chief Technology Officer

Dental Technologies, Inc.(DTI) announced theappointment of Lee Culp,CDT to the position ofChief Technology Officer(CTO). Mr. Culp bringsmore than 30 years of

laboratory and technology experience to DTI.Prior to joining the company, he served asVice-President of Dental Technologies atD4D Technologies, where he guided thedevelopment of a variety of technologies foruse in both dental practices and dentallaboratories. He will continue to serve as aconsultant to D4D Technologies, as well as tolecture and lead advanced training courses onthe E4D CAD/CAM system.

____________________

Ivoclar Vivadent – Fire and Save

Ivoclar Vivadent isintroducing the newpower-saving, second-generation Programat500 ceramic furnace atthe Chicago Midwintermeeting. The furnace'snew power-saving

technology is said to reduce powerconsumption in the stand-by mode by 40%.

Additional features include a new programstructure that offers 120 Ivoclar Vivadentprograms and 500 individual programs, acolor touch-screen with modern userinterface and color graphic display, ThermoShock Protection (TSP) to prevent thermalshock of the ceramic if the furnace head isclosed while it is too hot as well as CoolingShock Protection (CSP) to prevent tensionwithin the ceramic with a special furnacehead opening process.

For more information call 800-533-6825or visit www.ivoclarvivadent.com.

____________________

Dentsply TruRxTM - DigitalDenture Solutions

A new, integrated approach to tooth mouldselection and denture prescription, TruRxDigital Denture Prescription software showsgreat promise in improving process ease-of-useand clinical outcomes. TruRx is a chairside,digital prescription tool that facilitates thedenture consultation while addressing keytherapeutic considerations, helping to makethe denture process easy, consistent, andprofitable for denturists and dentalprofessionals. TruRx guides the dentalprofessional and the patient through the keydenture considerations with interactivescreens. The unique strengths of the TruRxDigital Denture Prescription software lie inbuilt-in intelligence to select suitable dentalrestoration options interactively with a patientand view the results live with them. The winfor patients, dentists, and laboratories isimproved information, selection accuracy,efficiency, esthetic outcomes, and overallsatisfaction. For more information, pleasecontact 1-800-263-1437 or [email protected].

Smiles Announcements & Products

20 DLANY Smiles


AESTHETICS AND TECHNIQUES FOR NEW MATERIALSAuthor: Paolo Smaniotto, 214 pages , 9.5” x 13.5”, hard cover. Price: $179.00 plus S&H.For more information, visit www.spectrumdialogue.com

ESTHETIC GUIDE BOOKAuthor: Luke S. Kahng, 60 pages, 9” x 11”, hard cover with full colour images.Price: $99.00 plus S&H.For more information, visit www.spectrumdialogue.com

ANATOMY FROM NATUREAuthor: Luke S. Kahng, 62 pages, 11” x 9” x .5”, hard cover with full colour images. Price: $99.00 plus S&H.For more information, visit www.spectrumdialogue.com

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AESTHETIC & RESTORATIVE DENTISTRYAuthor: douglas A. Terry, DDS, 770 pages, 8.5” x 12”, glossy hard cover with full colour images. Price: $330.00 plus S&H.For more information please visit www.spectrumdialogue.com

Mail orders to: Palmeri Publishing Inc., 35�145 Royal Crest Court, Markham, ON Canada L3R 9Z4Phone Orders: 905. 489.1970 • Fax Orders: 905. 489.1971 • Online Orders: www.spectrumdialogue.com

KNOWLEDGE IS THE BASIS; SUCCESS IS THE RESULTAuthor: Paul Giezendanner, 88 pages , 8.25” x 9.5”, soft cover. Price: $69.00 plus S&H.For more information, visit www.spectrumdialogue.com

SMILE SELECTIONAuthor: Luke S. Kahng, 117 pages, 8” x 10.875”, hard cover.Price: $169.00 plus S&H.For more information, visit www.spectrumdialogue.com

SURFACE TEXTURES - The Theory of Surface MarksAuthor: Giuseppe Spina, 96 pages, 8 3/8” x 9 3/8”, glossy hard cover.Price: $99.00 plus S&H.For more information, visit www.spectrumdialogue.com

THE INCISAL EDGE: The Strong Point in the Expression of an IncisorAuthor: Attilio Sommella, 176 pages, 8” x 10”, glossy hard cover. Price: $139.00 plus S&H.For more information please visit www.spectrumdialogue.com


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22 DLANY Smiles


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