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Page 1: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

How to have fun for 2 years

Page 2: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Presentation Outline30 CFR Reg ReviewSPR conceptsStream Specific Requirements

BaselineA id / i i i iAvoidance/minimizationRestorationEnhancementEnhancement

Page 3: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

30 CFR Review and RequirementsExceptions: coal preparation plants, stream channel diversions

G d b   h   i i  Governed by other provisions Separate by: 

SBZ incursions  not in streamSBZ incursions – not in streamIn stream activities

Evaluate activityEvaluate activityCoal refuse disposal, excess spoil, mining through

Page 4: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

SBZ Incursions – CRDA Coal Refuse Disposal, Waste ImpoundmentsExplain why avoidance is not possibleIdentify range of alternative locations and/or Identify range of alternative locations and/or configurationsAlternatives must:

Conform to engineering, safety, construction requirementsBe capable of being done considering cost, logistics, technologyBe consistent with coal recovery provisions of SMCRAAnalyze impacts on fish, wildlife and other environmental values

Consider both aquatic and terrestrial 

Page 5: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

SBZ Incursions – Surface MiningSurface Mining Explain why avoidance is not possibleIdentify a lesser bufferExplain how lesser buffer will:

Prevent additional TSSMinimize disturbance and adverse impacts on fish, wildlife  and related environmental valueswildlife, and related environmental values

Page 6: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

SBZ Incursions – Excess SpoilE  S il Excess Spoil 

Explain why placement in stream or SBZ is not possibleDemonstrate volume of excess spoil has been minimizedMaximum amount of spoil has been returned to mined out area considering PMLU, AOC, safety, stability, and environmental protectionIdentify range of alternative locations, size, and/or configurationsAlternatives must:

Conform to engineering, safety, construction requirementsC g g, y, qBe capable of being done considering cost, logistics, technologyBe consistent with coal recovery provisions of SMCRAAnalyze impacts on fish wildlife and other environmental valuesAnalyze impacts on fish wildlife and other environmental values

Both aquatic and terrestrial 

Page 7: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

SBZ Incursions – Excess SpoilPerform Geotechnical Analysis on:

Character of bedrock and any adverse geologic diticonditions

Survey of all springs, seeps, ground water flowsAnalysis of potential effects from subsidenceAnalysis of potential effects from subsidenceDescription of rock materials used to construct rock chimney cores or rock drainage Stability analysis of the fillFill construction must be certified by engineer

Page 8: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Activities in streams – Surface Mining

Only perennial and intermittent – ephemeral exempt from protectionsfrom protectionsExplain why avoidance is not possibleDemonstrate that activity will not cause/contribute to y /violation of CWA standards under 402/404

Page 9: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Activities in streams – CRDAExplain why avoidance is not possibleEvaluate impacts on physical, chemical, biological characteristics downstream of sitecharacteristics downstream of site

Analyze seasonal variation (temp, volume, TSS)Introduction of contaminantsAff t  t   ti   d  ildlif  th t d d    tAffects to aquatics and wildlife that depend on stream

Select alternative with least adverse impact on fish/wildlifeCoal Waste Impoundmentsp

Evaluate geotechnical characteristics of foundationId all springs, seeps, ground water flowsConsider possibility of mud/debris flows into impoundmentConsider possibility of mud/debris flows into impoundment

Page 10: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Activities in streams – Excess SpoilExplain why avoidance is not possibleEvaluate impacts on physical, chemical, biological h i i  d   f  icharacteristics downstream of siteAnalyze seasonal variation (temp, volume, TSS)Analyze introduction of contaminants to systemAnalyze introduction of contaminants to systemAffects of aquatics and wildlife that depend on stream

Select alternative with least adverse impact on Select alternative with least adverse impact on fish/wildlife

Page 11: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Performance StandardsExcess Spoil/Coal Refuse placement in SBZ or in streams:

May not cause or contribute to the violation of applicable State/Federal water quality standardsMinimize adverse effects of leachate and surface water runoff on Minimize adverse effects of leachate and surface water runoff on surface and ground watersEnsure mass stability and prevent mass movementEnsure final fill is suitable for reclamation and vegetation and gcompatible with natural surroundingsMinimize disturbance to and adverse impacts on fish, wildlife, and related environmental values to the extent possible and using BATConstruction shall be regularly inspected  certified by registered Construction shall be regularly inspected, certified by registered engineer, and photographedNo permanent impoundments on top of completed fills Final configuration must be compatible with PMLUg p

Page 12: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Performance StandardsExcess Spoil – Must have a 1.5 long term static safety factorExcess Spoil – When slope exceeds 2.8:1 (36%), operator must construct keyway cuts or rock toe buttress to ensure f ll b lfill stability Excess Spoil – Underdrains must be constructed of durable rockExcess Spoil – transported and placed in lifts not to exceed 4 feetCoal Refuse – prevent combustionpCoal Refuse – must be covered with 4 feet of best available cover material, non‐toxic, noncombustibleExcess Spoil/Coal Refuse – shall be non‐toxic and non‐acid p /forming 

Page 13: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Performance StandardsSurface mining in SBZ or in stream:May not cause or contribute to the violation of applicable State/Federal water quality standardsState/Federal water quality standardsMust handle earth materials, ground water discharges, and runoff in a manner that prevents, to the extent possible p , pusing BAT, additional contributions of TSS, and prevents water pollutionM t  i i i  di t b  t   h   h   ibl  Must minimize disturbance to, enhance where possible, restore or replace wetlands, habitats of unusually high value for fish/wildlife, and riparian vegetation along rivers and streams and bordering ponds and lakes

Page 14: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Performance StandardsStream Channel DiversionsTemporary

Must be promptly removed when no longer need to achieve Must be promptly removed when no longer need to achieve purpose they were authorized for

PermanentM     l d i   h i       i i l Must use natural design techniques to restore original pre‐mine characteristics of the channel, including natural vegetation and hydrologic characteristics, to promote and enhance aquatic habitat  and minimize adverse alteration of enhance aquatic habitat, and minimize adverse alteration of stream channels, both on and off the siteMust be certified design, construction, and restoration RA    if   dditi l d i   i t  RA may specify additional design requirements 

Page 15: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

SRA ApprovalSRA must find in writing that:

Explain why avoidance is not possiblePlans submitted meet requirements set out in Plans submitted meet requirements set out in applicationSite has been designed to minimize disturbance and d  i    fi h   ildlif   d  l d adverse impacts on fish, wildlife, and related environmental valuesMeasures to be used are BAT to prevent additional TSS pand prevent pollutionInclude a permit condition requiring compliance with CWA before activities can be undertaken in streamCWA before activities can be undertaken in stream

Page 16: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Current SMCRA SummarySBZ incursionsSBZ incursionsExplain how avoidance is not possibleIdentify a range of reasonable alternativesy gConsidering that alternatives must:

Conform to engineering, safety, construction requirementsB   bl   f b i  d   id i    l i i  Be capable of being done considering cost, logistics, technologyBe consistent with coal recovery provisions of SMCRAy pAnalyze impacts on fish wildlife and other environmental values

Both aquatic and terrestrial Both aquatic and terrestrial Excess spoil – minimize footprint, volume, impact

Page 17: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Current SMCRA SummaryActivities in intermittent/perennial streams/pExplain how avoidance is not possible (fills, mining)Evaluate downstream impacts (fills, mining)

Analyze seasonal variation (temp  volume  TSS)Analyze seasonal variation (temp, volume, TSS)Introduction of contaminantsAffects of aquatics and wildlife that depend on stream

Identify a range of reasonable alternatives (fills)Identify a range of reasonable alternatives (fills)Alternatives must:

Conform to engineering, safety, construction requirementsBe capable of being done considering cost  logistics  technologyBe capable of being done considering cost, logistics, technologyBe consistent with coal recovery provisions of SMCRAAnalyze impacts on fish wildlife and other environmental values

Both aquatic and terrestrial qMinimization – minimize footprint, volume, impact (fills)

Page 18: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

SPR Concepts Under ConsiderationActivities in/near streams Primarily aimed at fillsProhibition on fill placement within 100 feet of perennial p pand intermittent streams – unless applicant demonstrates and SRA finds:

No reasonable alternative to placement in streampMinimize length of stream impactedEnhancement fully offset impactsFill activity result in more than de minimus impact outside y pthe permit boundaryActivity not cause/contribute to violation of CWA Considering fill must be reforested 

Page 19: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

SPR Concepts Under ConsiderationActivities in/near streams All other activities in/near streams

Not preclude pre‐mining CWA designated useActivity result in more than de minimus impact of the affected stream segmentaffected stream segmentResult in conversion of stream segment  to next lower category (perennial to intermittent)Activity not cause/contribute to violation of CWAConsidering 300 foot forested buffer on each side of 

 i   i l  f d   stream in previously forested areas 

Page 20: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

SPR Concepts Under ConsiderationMining through streams:All items listed under activities in/near streams, plus 

id iconsidering:Alternatives analysisRestoration of stream form and function  Restoration of stream form and function  Bonding of restoration

Page 21: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

SPR Concepts Under Considerationill  ifi  i   d   id iFill specific items under consideration:Landforming principles when bringing site back to AOC to blend with topographyto blend with topographyElevation not vary by more than 20% of change

Post‐mining elevation can exceed pre‐mining elevation

Controlled placement, compacted 4 foot liftsRequires ephemeral re‐construction on fillsElimination of flat topped fills – unless necessary to achieve PMLU

Page 22: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Specific Stream ItemsBaseline sample considerations

12 regularly spaced monthly samplesFull chemical suite (Mg  Na  Ca  K  Cl  SO  HCO )Full chemical suite (Mg, Na, Ca, K, Cl, SO4, HCO3)Location – minimum up/down stream, every stream within permit boundary to be minedBiological conditionBiological conditionApplies to areas overlying underground mines

Avoidance/minimizationAll activities must explain why avoidance not possibleAll fills must evaluate alternativesAll fills minimize footprint, volume, impactAll fills minimize footprint, volume, impact

Page 23: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Specific Stream ItemsRestoration

Considering mine throughs must restore stream form/functionform/functionAll mine throughs require bonding

EnhancementEnhancementConsidering enhancement leaving 300 foot buffer re‐planted with natives vegetation, preferably treesEnhancement occur outside mined out areaProvisions for prohibition of mining in areas of 

ti ll  hi h  l  f  fi h  d  ildlif  h bit texceptionally high value for fish and wildlife habitat

Page 24: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

SPR ConsiderationsWhat are exact stream restoration criteria?How to make them permit conditions?OSM evaluating stream restoration success, performance standards for success, lessons learnedOSM  li i i   h d  di i  f  SPR OSM soliciting on‐the‐ground conditions for SPR conceptsNexus between CWA and SMCRA  both 402 and 404Nexus between CWA and SMCRA – both 402 and 404

Page 25: SMCRA Requirements for Stream Protection - How to have fun ... · yIdentify a range of reasonable alternatives yConsidering that alternatives must: yConform to engineering, safety,

Questions/Comments/Concerns