SUNDAY, JANUARY 3, 2016 (PAGE-4)

They have acting in their genes. Year 2015 in Bollywoodwas the year of young star kids Athiya Shetty andSooraj Pancholi, who made their debut with movie

‘Hero’ directed by Nikhil Advani and produced by SalmanKhan.

In year 2016, those who will be making their Bollywooddebut are Harshvardhan Kapoor, Saiyami Kher, DiljitDosanjh, Mahira Khan and Mawra Hocane, Sayesha Saigal,Pooja Hegde and Ayesha Kapoor. Harshvardhan Kapoor,son of veteran actor Anil Kapoor, will be launched by film-maker Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra in ‘Mirziya’, the story ofthe Punjabi legends Mirza Sahiban.

Along with Harshvardhan Kapoor, Saiyami Kher will alsomark her debut with movie ‘Mirzya’, Saiyami Kher, who wasthe Kingfisher Calendar model, is the granddaughter of yes-teryear performer Usha Kiran, niece of actress Tanvi Azmiand daughter of Uttara Mhatre Kher, who was ex Miss India.Saiyami has also acted in Telugu film ‘Rey’. Versatile Pun-jabi singer and actor Diljit Dosanjh will be soon seen oppo-site actress Kareena Kapoor.He will be making his debut inAbhishek Chaubey’s thriller ‘Udta Punjab’.

In the movie, Diljit will be seen playing the role of a police-man opposite to Kareena Kapoor. The film also stars AliaBhatt and Shahid Kapoor in lead role. The film is slated tobe released in June 2016. Pakistani beauties Mahira Khanand Mawra Hocane will also make their first appearance inBollywood. Mahira Khan will make her debut opposite Bol-lywood superstar Shah Rukh Khan in Rahul Dholakia’s

‘Raees’. Mahira is best known for her role in a TV serial called‘Hamsafar’ opposite to hot shot Fawad Khan.

In ‘Raees’, Shah Rukh will play an underworld don andMahira Khan will play his wife. ‘Raees’ also includesNawazuddin Siddiqui who is playing an important role inthe movie and is set to hit the theaters in July 2016. MawraHocane is making her entry in Bollywood with Vinay Sapruin Radhika Rao’s motion picture ‘Sanam Teri Kasam’.

The trailer of the film has already launched. ‘Sanam TeriKasam’ is a revamp of the 1982 hit featuring Kamal Haasanand Reena Roy. Sayesha Saigal, who is the niece of veteranactors Dilip Kumar and Saira Banu, is a Kathak and Latinoartist and she will be seen opposite to action hero Ajay Devgnin ‘Shivaay’. ‘Shivaay’ will release on Diwali 2016 and is ahigh octane activity dramatization film. After working inTamil, Telugu movies, the second runner-up at the Miss Uni-verse India 2010, Pooja Hegde, is also going to make her Bol-lywood debut.

Pooja has bagged a lead role in Ashutosh Guwariker’snext, Mohenjo-Daro opposite to Hrithik Roshan. The film isplanned to release on August 12 next year. From directorSanjay Leela Bhansali most critically acclaimed movie Black,budding actress Ayesha Kapoor, who at age 11 played themore youthful form of Rani Mukerji is doing her first filmas a lead on-screen character in executive Shekhar Kapur’s‘Paani’ in which she will be seen romancing actor SushantSingh Rajput. The film is a modern Romeo and Juliet storyset in Mumbai. (Agencies)

W ith smartphones turningsmarter every pass-ing day, it is

the domestic play-ers and new Chi-nese entrants tothe market thatcontinued to chal-lenge global giantslike Apple and Sam-sung in 2015 and theNew Year can bemuch more excitingwith the expansion of4G services.

Emerging as a big forcein the global smartphonesmarket during 2015, Indiasaw about 75 million devicesbeing shipped in the first threequarters of the year. The paceof the blistering growth wasfurther strengthened bythe online channel asmany handset makersadded eCommerce onlydevices.

The strong pace is expectedto help India replace the the US asthe second largest market globally,after China.

“Smartphones as a categoryhave grown at a phenomenal pacethis year and this is across pricepoints. In the coming year, there will be a lot of actionin 4G as operators expand coverage.

“With 4G network rollout, India will become one ofthe biggest mobile internet markets in the world lead-ing to the launch of many services that consumers canbenefit from,” homegrown Micromax co-founderVikas Jain said.

About 40 per cent of smartphones being shippedare already on 4G and more than 9 crore 4G sub-scribers and 18 crore 4G smartphones can be there by2018, he added.

A major driver of this growth has been online sales.“One in three smartphone in October was sold

using the digital platform. With a lot of discountedoffers, ‘exclusive-to-online’ products accounted forabout 17 per cent of the total smartphone volumes,while the overall online including marketplacetouched around 25 per cent of the volumes,” headded.

The online platforms gave a lot of Chinese brandsan easy launchpad for India without much investmentin the distribution and service channels.

The year ahead would continue to see “intenseaction”, especially in the entry-level smartphone mar-ket, as companies look to upgrade feature phoneusers. With 60 per cent of the user base still on fea-ture phones, the expectation is that close to 70-80million feature phone consumers will switch toaffordable smartphones.

Mike Wang, CEO at OPPO Mobiles India, said theongoing trend of affordable smartphones will contin-ue in the coming year with launch of more mid-seg-ment smartphones. Year 2016 is also expected to seeintroduction of new brands like LeTV, a trend seenthis year.

A trend that could become the mainstay in the yearahead could be services-laden smartphones.

The app ecosystem grew fast this year with usersgraduating from just using gaming apps to services-oriented apps like Ola and Uber to book cabs, food-panda to order food to using mobile wallets likePaytm and Mobikwik.

“There will be a stronger collaboration between thedevice, access and service eco-system going ahead.The entire mobile ecosystem will come with thelaunch of a number of services across sectors likeentertainment, travel, healthcare and banking.”

“We will see partnerships to foster a culture ofinnovation, creating solutions that can take care ofindigenous needs and building an empowered ecosys-tem for permeating technology into the nooks and

crannies of the country,” YU Televentures founderRahul Sharma said.

The key to this growth will be simplificationthrough relevant services and availability of

these in various Indian languages, he added.“Phenomenal internet growth, invest-

ment into infrastructure by operators, bet-ter mobile screens and improved quality

of curated content and services are themajor key drivers to create a need of

VAS ecosystem. Such boom has given space andopportunities for lots of startups in India,” Intex Busi-ness Head (Mobiles) Sanjay Kalirona said. SauravKumar, CEO and co-founder of Cube26, said softwaredriven experience will be key driving factor forbrands, giving them an edge over their competitors.“Software differentiation will drive both monetisationand leadership for phone companies,” he added.

The year also saw Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s‘Make in India’ initiative gathering steam with a slewof handset makers including the likes of Xiaomi,Motorola, Gionee and OnePlus investing in local man-ufacturing.

In December last year, the government had set upa joint task force, which included industry representa-tives from Samsung, Microsoft and Lava, to rejuve-nate nation’s mobile phone manufacturing ecosystemwith a view to achieve production of 500 million unitsof mobile handsets by 2019. The target also includes15 lakh plus jobs and a component industry of 50,000crore by 2019-2020.

“We are witnessing strong green shoots already,”Indian Cellular Association (ICA) National PresidentPankaj Mohindroo said, while adding that globalgiants like Foxconn will also play an equally signifi-cant role.

Players like Lava and Micromax are looking atbringing the entire manufacturing ecosystem to India.

Estimates suggest that close to 30 per cent of thehandsets being sold monthly are now being manufac-tured or assembled locally. Newer trends like morepowerful wearables and newer devices based on Inter-net of Things could hit the market.

“It has been a tremendously successful 2015 for thesmartphone & wearable industry. In 2016, we believethat e-commerce will continue to drive change in con-sumers buying behavior and further move up in thegrowth trajectory. An important growth area will bethe wearable category, becoming increasingly main-stream in 2016,” Amit Boni, Country Head at Motoro-la Mobility India said. Kumar added that the sectorwill see a lot of innovation in terms of hardware anddesign along with good amount of focus on integratedsoftware. (Agencies)

BOLLYWOOD-BUZZ

New faces on big screen in 2016

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

HEALTHLINES

Smartphones gears upfor 4G ride in 2016

Dr Surinder Sodhi

Your kidneys may be small, but they performmany vital functions that help maintain youroverall health, including filtering waste andexcess fluids from your blood. Serious kidneydisease may lead to complete kidney failureand the need for dialysis treatments or akidney transplant to stay alive.Every day, the two kidneys filter about 110 to 120 litres of

blood to produce about 1 to 2 litres of urine, composed ofwastes and extra fluid.

The kidneys are important because they keep the compo-sition, or makeup, of the blood stable, which lets the body func-tion.

Maintain normal growth:Healthy kidneys are required for normal linear growth.The top reasons for kidney damage are mentioned below:-* Medications: There are different groups of medica-

tions which are harmful for kidneys and if you are on any suchmedications you should investigate your kidney profile on reg-ular basis. The groups are mentioned below...

a. Antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, methicillin, van-comycin, sulfonamides.

b. Analgesics, including acetominophen and non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID): ibuprofen, naproxen, andothers available only by prescription.

c. COX-2 inhibitors, including celecoxib. Two drugs in thisclass have been withdrawn from the market because of car-

diovascular toxicity: rofecoxib , and valdecoxib. These drugsare a special class of NSAID that were developed to be saferfor the stomach, but have the same risk as other NSAIDs forkidney damage.

d. Heartburn drugs of the proton pump inhibitor class,including omeprazole lansoprazole , pantoprazole , rabepra-zol, esomeprazole.

e. Antiviral drugs, including acyclovir used to treat herpesinfection, and indinavir and tenofovir, both used to treat HIV.

f. High blood pressure drugs, including captopril.g. Rheumatoid arthritis drugs, including infliximab ;

chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, which are used to treatmalaria and systemic lupus erythematosus as well as rheuma-toid arthritis.

h. Lithium, used to treat bipolar disorder.i. Anticonvulsants, including phenytoin and trimetha-

dione, used to treat seizures and other conditions.j. Chemotherapy drugs, including interferons,

pamidronate, cisplatin, carboplatin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus,quinine, mitomycin C, bevacizumab; and anti-thyroid drugs,including propylthiouracil, used to treat overactive thyroid.

* Cigarettes : Smoking has a direct relation to increasedprotein detected in the urine, affecting kidneys adversely. Dia-betes and high blood pressure, diseases having an aggravat-

ing impact on kidney damage , are also exacerbated by smok-ing.

* Sugar : Sugar laden sweets do not impact kidneys direct-ly but trigger and worsen other health problems like diabetes.Diabetes and obesity are two of the most common causes ofkidney damage.

* Contrast Dyes : Dyes used in diagnostic radiology pro-cedures like CT scans, X-rays and angiograms, have seriousimplications on the kidney, including Acute Kidney Injury(AKI), an abrupt decrease in kidney function. Insist onless tox-ic or diluted dyes, fluids to out toxins, or drugs to help protectthe kidneys from the dye.

* High-Sodium foods : Very little Sodium is required tomaintain proper fluid balance in our body. Excessive saltintake triggers an avalanche in the body, increasing bloodpressure, damaging the kidney’s filters- nephrons, accelerat-ing kidney failure. Kidneys tend to retain water, needed forproper heart function, in order to dilute this excess electrolytein the bloodstream.

* High Blood Pressure : Weight control, exercise, andproper diet can control blood pressure—which puts lot ofstress on your kidneys and causes loss of protein. So treatingyour blood pressure will help protect your kidneys. For hyper-tensive persons they must take DASH DIET ie(dietaryapproach to stop hypertension).

* Meat: Animal protein metabolism’s acidic residue trig-gers our body to pull calcium and other mineral salts from thebones, in order to return you to the preferred alkaline state,overstraining kidney functions. Uric acid –a byproduct of highpurine foods such as meat, seafood and fish; causes kidneystones and calcium oxalate stones, due to increase in the

amount of calcium excreted in urine.* Drug allergies: Allergic reactions put unprece-

dented load on the kidneys. Avoid medicines that youare allergic to, and ask about a drug’s effects on thekidneys any time you take a newmedication, to avoidkidney damage.

* Genetically Modified (GM) foods :Processed foods contain genetically modified ingre-dients to increase plant’s pest resistance, immunityto herbicides, or improve crop yields. Studies haveshown that these foods create a state of hepatorenal(liver and kidney) toxicity. Opt for organically grownproduce and avoid common sources of GM ingredi-ents such as processed and prepackaged foods.

* Artificial Sweeteners : Though sweetenersassert that they are non-caloric, studies have showna decline in kidney function with an intake of just twodiet sodas per day.

* Carbonated Beverages : Foods, like carbon-ated beverages (with or without artificial sweetener), andenergy drinks that are high in phosphates, are known to havea damaging effect on blood vessels in the kidneys, and increasethe chances of kidney stone formation.

* Dairy Products: Over consumption of dairy products(contain animal proteins), increases the excretion of calciumin the urine, which has been associated with a higher risk ofdeveloping kidney stones

* Caffeine : Caffeine in coffee, tea, soda, and foods canstimulate blood flow, increasing blood pressure and stress onthe kidneys. If substantially raises the kidney failure prospectsof obese and diabetic consumers. Caffeine consumption hasalso been linked to kidney stone formation by increasing cal-cium excretion in urine.

* High-oxalate Foods: Oxalates, which form oxalatestones , obstruct the flow of urine and damage kidneys. If youare prone to oxalate stones, stay away or moderate foods likenuts, chocolates and spinach.

* Gluten induced : Gluten intolerant people have showna higher tendency of gluten-induced kidney damage. So docheck your levels regularly.

* Vitamin D deficiency : Vitamin D is not just a vitaminbut a steroid hormone that is critical to the health of kidneysand the body in general. So get out and get a piece of your sun.

(The author is a faculty member Nephrology, GMC Jammu)

Top 15 reasons for Kidney damage

Dr Rajeev Gupta

The prostate gland is a male reproductive organ that is aboutthe size of a walnut, found at the base of the Urinary bladder.Prostate enlargement, also known as Benign prostatic hypertro-phy (BPH) is the most common prostate problem in men. Almostall men will develop someenlargement of the prostate asthey age. Overall, the number ofmen with BPH increases pro-gressively with age. By age 60,50% of men will have some signsof BPH. By age 85, 90% of menwill have signs of the condition.BPH and prostate cancer havesimilar symptoms, and a manwho has BPH may have unde-tected cancer at the same time.DO’s and Don’ts toavoid Prostate Cancer

Do’sDon’t• Regular Exercise • Eat Healthy: Include Cereals, Fish, and Green leafy Veg-

etable • Don’t Ignore Frequent need to urinate, especially at night• Don’t Ignore a weak or interrupted urinary stream• Don’t Overlook Blood in urine or semen• Avoid red meatProstate cancer incidences are increasing in India. Incidence

of prostate cancer is increasing by 2.5% every year among Indi-an race while rest of the races it is 3 %. Lung cancer is most preva-lent cancer in Indian men and prostate cancer is becoming sec-ond most prevalent cancer causing deaths among men in India.With the increased migration of rural population to the urbanareas, changing life styles, increased awareness, and easy accessto medical facility, more cases of prostate cancer are being detect-ed.

70 % of all prostate cancers are diagnosed in men over theage of 65. It is still unclear why prostate cancer occurs more inelderly population but studies suggest that after 70, most menhave some form of prostate cancer, though there may be no out-ward symptoms.Signs & Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

• Frequent, difficult or painful urination• Not being able to urinate• Weak or interrupted urine flow• Blood in the urine• Blood in the semen• Painful ejaculation• Frequent pain or stiffness in the lower back, hip or upper

thighsRisk factors of Prostate Cancer are numerous , out of which

, Age, which is the most influential risk factor. If you are a man

above the age of 65 and have lately been suffering from a fre-quent need to urinate, especially at night, a weak or interruptedurinary stream and blood in urine or semen, it’s time you takethese symptoms seriously. Regarded as the most classic signs ofprostate cancer, these symptoms are often overlooked andblamed on old age. Your risk is higher with family history of

prostate cancer. High fat dietparticularly animal fat mayincrease your risk. Diets high infruits and vegetables are thoughtto decrease your risk.

Since cancer screening is notroutinely available in India, ourmain aim should be, to startscreening our patients to detectearly Prostate Cancer , it trans-late in reduction of death rate by5.3% and to exploit the advan-tage of early stage cancer treat-ment .

Prostate cancer screeninginvolve a simple blood test, known as Serum PSA test , once ina year , in men above the age of 50 and in men at an even high-er risk, such as having several relatives with a history of prostatecancer at an early age, could begin testing at age 40. Digital rec-tal examination is done by the doctor to detect any abnormalityin the prostate gland .

If the patient is found to have the signs and symptoms , asmentioned he should go for further diagnosis. Diagnosis ofprostate cancer is done by biopsy from the prostate gland. Biop-sy will confirm the diagnosis and also shows whether the canceris low grade or high grade cancer. Depending on the level of PSA,further test like CT scan or bone scan may be needed for stagingpurpose & treatment planning.

Treatment of Prostate cancer depends on age, general wellbeing and life expectancy of the patient and Stage of disease.treatment for the disease depends on the extent of the cancerand how far it has spread. In cases of early stage disease (stage1 & 2) , you may need to undergo a surgery (prostatectomy) &/orRadiotherapy, that result in long term cure , but in cases ofadvanced stage ( stage 3 & 4) , cure may not be possible , treat-ment is aimed at halting or slowing down the disease process ,that results in prolongation of life , using hormonal therapy withandrogen-depriving drugs & chemotherapy.

Only Way to Increase survival in Prostate is to watch for signsand symptoms of Prostate cancer , After the age of 65 go for reg-ular PSA test screening and ultimately follow the Do’s and Don’tas mentioned in Table 1 ,to be healthy.

(Author is working as Assistant Professor at Sri Guru RamDassInstitute of Medical Sciences & Research, Amritsar & consultant Med-ical Oncologist & Hematologist at Sanjeevani Cancer Clinic, Jammu .

If any query, Dr Rajeev Gupta can contacted @ email: drrajeevgup-ta1@gmail.com)

Prostate Cancer

Normal Prostate Enlarged Prostate