Smarter Norwich 18 October 2017

Today’s agenda

14:00 – 14:20 Registration

14:20 – 14:50 Welcome and launch of Smarter Norwich

Nigel Cornwall

Founder, Pixie Energy

14:50 – 15:20 The Smart Energy Norwich 2030 Vision

Nigel Hargreaves

Founder, Synfo

15:20 – 15:40 Smarter Norwich: Pillars of the Project

Tom Andrews

Analyst, Cornwall Insight

15:40 – 16:00 Pixie Energy: Data and Discovery

Ben Hardie

Analyst, Pixie Energy

16:00 – 17:00 Closing remarks, drinks reception and

networking

New technologies and players

• All solar PV and nearly half of

wind generation “embedded”

− many consumers already

“prosumers”

• 20% of generation now

intermittent, prices more volatile

− pressure on networks is

increasing

• Some trials and regulatory

dispensations but policy

aspirations largely unmet

Innovative

supply

Microgeneration

Load

management

Storage

Moixa

GLA

Bristol EC

Robin Hood Energy

Good Energy

Ecotricity

Tesla

Powervault

Daimler

“Piclo”

Hive

Nest

Energy Local

Ovo Communities

Siemens

Symbio

F&S Energy

Origami

Tonik

Flow

BulbIglooGreen

Energy

Transformation is happening but it is happening but in a piecemeal and

uncoordinated way

Opening Pandora’s box• But costs continuing to fall

− solar costs ~10% by 2025

− lithium ion storage ~60% by 2030

• Interest in “peer to peer” trading

increasing

− Piclo, “user chooser”, LEM in Cornwall

• Carbon budgets and 2050 target

will continue to act as catalyst

• Increasing local system resilience

also an important driver

− active network management

• Costs vs. affordability

− domestic bills set to increase £100 by

2020-21 based on legacy decisions

− caps vs. engagement

Efficient

sizing of

network

Trading

and

netting

Integrated

use of local

generation

Integrated

use of

demand &

storage

Moving to a smarter world will lead to a more efficient use of local energy

resources, greater energy resilience and potentially lower costs

What is Pixie Energy?

• Pixie Energy - an advisory and services company

established by Nigel Cornwall of Cornwall Insight to develop

and implement local energy market ideas and initiatives

▪ The East Anglian Energy Market Innovation Project is

now building on knowledge and relationships by scoping and

establishing innovation projects with local partners to yield

“learning by doing”, smarter, low-carbon solutions

▪ Overarching objectives, focussing on East Anglia:

− build regional energy map, highlighting opportunities and

challenges

− support local energy solutions and players

− examine demonstration or pilot schemes (including possible

rules changes)

− demonstrate business case for new commercial mechanisms

and models

The project takes national

knowledge and relationships

and will apply them for the

benefit of the East Anglian

region

Some other participants

Project structure

Website/Regional Knowledge Hub

Norfolk Suffolk CambridgeshireLocal Innovation Hubs

P2

Steering Group

Norfolk P1:

Smarter Norwich

P2 P2

Greater Cambs. P1:

Smart Communities

Suffolk P1:

Sproughton

Demonstrator

EA Energy Markets Innovation Project

Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgeshire Cross-County

Learning

P2Cross-County P1:

FiT

Export Aggregation

Projects

What is “smart”?

• Not just “specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time bound”

• Low-carbon generation, including existing assets as well as new

• Demand-side devices (battery and other storage, thermostats,

boilers etc)

• Sensors and data flow (smart meters a key enabler)

• Better visibility and control of the electricity network as well as

“behind the meter”

• Sharper incentives leading to additional value and cost

minimisation, benefitting customers and their communities

Norfolk and a smarter Norwich

• We are launching Smarter Norwich project

today in collaboration with Norwich

Community Solar

− similar bottom up approach, learning by doing

− supporting specific community schemes

• We are helping Norfolk County Council and

other councils

− but to date more appetite in Suffolk

• Looking to extend the network to housing

associations and existing RE owners

• Next major step is the Norwich Local Supply

Community project

Norwich has the potential to be at

the cutting edge of energy market

innovation, and Pixie Energy is here

to help.

Some simple things

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Variable tariffs DD Cheapest fixed tariffs DD Average of cheapest fixed tariffs Prepayment tariffs

11

Distributed

generation &

renewable sites

EVs and transport

infrastructuresLocal authorities

Domestic load &

housing

providers

Research &

data centres

Battery storage

University campus

& colleges

Industrial &

commercial load

Local Energy

Sharing

capacity

Load-

generation

matching

Strategic

planning

Community

benefits

DevelopersHospitals

Distribution Network

Operator

Trading platform

Bulletin

board

Some are more difficult …

Some assembly required

Reference slides

Domestic archetypes• A way to approximate energy use

Archetype DefinitionMean annual use of

electricity in kWh

Mean annual use of

gas in kWh

Archetype 1 Low-income electrically-heated 6,130 0

Archetype 2 All other electrically-heated 8,912 0

Archetype 3 Low-income non-metered fuel-heated 3,383 0

Archetype 4 All other non-metered fuel-heated 4,814 0

Archetype 5

Low-income, out-of-work single adults in small 1-bed

social rented flats 2,158 8,495

Archetype 6 Young working adults in rented flats 2,853 10,372

Archetype 7

Low-income single adults (lone parents or elderly) in

social rented houses 2,640 10,592

Archetype 8 Younger working families in medium-sized rented houses 3491 13,595

Archetype 9 “Average” mains gas-heated households 3,585 15,280

Archetype 10

Wealthy working families in 3-4 bed semi’s owned with

mortgage 4,588 18,784

Archetype 11

Asset-rich, “empty-nesters” in detached houses in less

urban areas 4,098 19,226

Archetype 12

Wealthy working families in larger detached houses in

less urban areas 5,306 23,832

Ofgem Low 2,000 8,000

Ofgem

Medium

Regulator’s definitions of high, medium and low users

3,100 12,500

Ofgem High 4,600 19,000

Households in Norwich

• Based on our analysis of census data

Archetype Count of households Percentage

Archetype 1 1622 3%

Archetype 2 3315 5%

Archetype 3 1821 3%

Archetype 4 3310 5%

Archetype 5 3083 5%

Archetype 6 4462 7%

Archetype 7 5227 9%

Archetype 8 13534 22%

Archetype 9 13410 22%

Archetype 10 6065 10%

Archetype 11 2794 5%

Archetype 12 1676 3%

Norwich: A smart energy city by 2030?

SEN 2030

Nigel Hargreaves

The energy system re-imagined

Other

communities

Heat &

Light

Transport

Water

Food

production &

processing

Health,

Welfare

& jobs

Comms &

data

Environmental Energy Pool

Local context

Norwich Citility

Heat &

Light

Transport

Water

Food

production

Health,

Welfare

& jobs

Comms &

data

Local context

Another citility

The changing power system

Thanks to Forum for the Future ‘Wise Minds: The Energy Transition and Large Utilities , 2017

Disruptors:

Cheap storage, ubiquitous sensing & metering, blockchain, direct

supply, V2G, local flexibility markets, social smartness, AI

Landscape:

Key driving trends

Favourable

Economics of

energy efficiency,

DERs and EVs

Energy Policy

priority lowering

cost through

innovation

Digital

Connectivity

More

renewables

Rise of the

‘Utilizen’ and

‘Citility’

Transactive grid

control moved

to grid edge

Smarter system

control

Disintermediation

Digitalisation

Democratisation

Decarbonisation

Regime:

Change in response

Outcomes:

Emerging trends

Rapid tech & market

innovation across

multiple sectors

More competition, more

products, more resilience

Wider equity distribution

and collaboration

Declining use of large

power stations

Decentralisation

The global picture

Global temperature1.5˚C

The levelised cost of solar electricity set to drop by 66% by 2040*

Solar and wind will account for 72% of $10.2 trillion spent on

new power generation to 2040*

Battery storage will come

as standard with rooftop

solar by the 2030s*

Investors are choosing

positive environmental,

social and governance

arrangements

*BNEF

The UK picture

DUKES 2017

Ins

tall

ed

ca

pa

cit

y –

MW

40,000

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

Electrical generating capacity of renewable energy plant Other bioenergy

Offshore wind

Onshore wind

Solar PV

Hydro

Landfill gas

Generation output

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Ge

ne

rati

on

TW

h

24.6% of total generation

(1%) over 2016 interim RED target

The local picture - Norfolk“Startup independents are becoming an important supplier of sustainable power in the

UK, making the grid more stable and resilient at the same time.” IET, June 2017

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Landfill Gas Dedicated Biomas Onshore Wind Sewage Gas Solar PV Anaerobic Digestion

Number of low carbon generators and installed

generation capacity in Norfolk for assets >1MW

Num

ber

of lo

w c

arb

on

genera

tors

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

MW

Generation capacity

Genera

tion c

apacity

Community energy in England & Wales

Equivalent

to energy

demand of 85,000

homes

74 Energy

efficiency

projects

More than 220

organisations

269 distinct

projects

121 MW

installed

capacity

265 GWh

generation

to date

Reducing

CO2

emissions

by 110,000 t0

10

20

30

40

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20182002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Com

ple

ted g

enera

tion a

ctivitie

s

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

?

Insta

lled c

apacity

MWCommunity energy projects and installed capacity

A smart energy vision for NorwichPeer-to-peer

electricity trading

Small and large scale

energy storage

Use of local DERs

for local settlement

and balancing

Integrated use of

local centres of

demand (DSM)

• Better coordination of

local energy resources

• Revenue from local and

national energy services

market

• Additional energy trading

benefits to small

participants

• Greater energy resilience

and independence

• Local job creation in

smart energy

• Potential to reduce

energy poverty

• Attracts further smart city

innovations

• Inward investment

supports jobs and welfare

• Cleaner air!

Trade in e-services

rather than reliance

on subsidies

A smart energy roadmap for Norwich

Develop

community

energy

Network

regional

resources

Introduce

storage

Create a

local

energy

market

Sell

ancillary

services

Reduce fuel

poverty

Other

community

benefits

NCS

working

with a

local

installer

& Pixie

Energy

UKPN

developing a

smart flexible

grid

greater

collaboration

with NCS, PE

& LAs on local

network

development

At domestic

and municipal

scales. A new

vision for the

Generation

Park scheme

and other

brownfield

sites

Pixie Energy

launched to

promote a

local energy

market with

integrated

DER trading,

collaboration&

fundraising

platform

development

2017 2025-30

Add value to

locally owned

and operated

DERs by

optimising use

of local power

& storage.

Local

balancing &

selling

services to

users in the

wider grid

Cheaper

locally

generated

power to local

customers will

bring down

electricity

bills. This

impact will

occur after

earlier steps

as well

Added system

resilience for

participating

communities.

Environmental and

social benefits

including greater

control over power

costs, income from

selling services,

cleaner air and more

biodiversity returned to

the community

Asset integration for a smart energy city

Hydrogen,

compressed

air, Rail etc.

How Norwich could respond

Energy

centre

collaboration

Flexible

service

demand

Landfill

gas

Industrial

buildings

Municipal buildings

Commercial

warehouses ‘GenPark’

Wind

= Possible DER location

Integration with City Council Strategies

“A sustainable city with a good local environment that

people value.” Environmental Strategy 2015-19

Conclusion

This vision for Smarter Energy Norwich

2025-30 supports Norwich City Council’s

environmental strategy priorities by building

energy resilience at the nexus of key

sustainability concerns

2.3 Corporate Plan key priorities are:

• safe, clean and low carbon city

• prosperous city

• fair city

• healthy city with good housing

5.3 The council’s key environmental priorities are:

• Priority 1 (&2) – to reduce the city’s (& council’s) carbon dioxide emissions

• Priority 4 – to increase energy efficiency of housing stock

• Priority 5 – to ensure new development is carried out in a sustainable way

• Priority 6 – to support & encourage sustainable transport solutions

• Priority 7 – to support a low carbon economy in Norwich

Summary

10MW/MWh E.On grid scale battery

and CHP in Sheffield, 2017

• Growing tide of distributed energy

resources reshaping energy systems

• Opportunities to benefit communities

through innovation, resource integration &

planning

• Possible to create a market for energy

services with lower barriers to entry

• Potential for greater resilience, wider

wealth & better health distribution

• Pixie Energy can help bring together

key stakeholders to build a visionary

energy strategy for Norwich and Norfolk

Energy system

potential eg.

opportunities to

balance &

supply locally

The data & IT

need to be

available –

sensing and

IoT

Regulations

need to enable

access &

innovation to

reward new

system value

Commercials

need to stack up

so it is worth

doing

People need to

be willing and

engaged so they

participateAll conditions

need to be met -

at city scale

*

* Bristol Smart Energy City Collaboration

Smarter NorwichPillars of the project

Tom Andrews

What are we doing in Norwich?

• Community-owned, low carbon energy generation

− A crowdfunding platform to help local people invest in local community energy projects

• A local electricity supply community, providing:

− More revenue for generators

− A better price to consumers

− Improved visibility and balancing for the system

• Optimising the generation and energy use of local organisations

− Both electricity and heat

• Data mapping East Anglian energy infrastructure

− On which Ben will say more

Norwich Community Solar

• Pixie Energy is proud to be supporting Norwich Community Solar

• NCS is a community-owned cooperative, aiming to decrease the

city’s carbon footprint

• It will seek funding from members of the community

• This money will be spent on deploying solar panels on buildings in

the city

− In negotiations with several prominent community buildings, and has secured seed

funding for these projects

• The profits from the sale of electricity will benefit the community

− Hosting buildings will receive subsidised energy prices from the rooftop generation

– around 15% discount to market rates

− Investors will receive a rate of interest

− Surplus income to NCS will fund community benefit schemes

Crowdfunding

NCS - and other

community energy

groups -upload projects

which are ready for funding

Investors pledge

funding to projects

Once target is

met, pledges will be

collected

Assets built on

community buildings

Investors will

receive annual returns

(target 4%

return)

Automated processing

will minimise staff and therefore

cost

• To support NCS, Pixie Energy will build a crowdfunding platform,

advertising projects available for funding

• We will look to add a secondary market, to allow investors to trade

their existing stakes in projects, within the first year or so

A Norwich Supply Community

• Testing a new way of paying for local low-carbon generation

− Achieving a better return that the FiT, and replace the FiT when it ends

− Keeping the value in the community instead of being lost to national markets

• Investigating the use of batteries

− Exploring the benefit to a local independent supplier of managing their

imbalance position more precisely

− Looking at what values can pass through to the consumer

• Creating innovative tariffs

− Local, green, sunshine/Time of Use tariffs

− Priced according to real underlying costs to the industry

− Rewarding those who use energy flexibly

Norwich LSC proposal

• Matching Norfolk-based generation to supply local demand

− Identifying available uncontracted generation for routing through to the LSC; exports

from existing assets on a what-if basis

− Simulating tender of new-to-market exports (new or out of contract generators) for

the purpose of growing the generation available to the LSC at assessed market rates

• Collaborating with an independent energy supplier to create a local innovation

tariff

− Selling electricity to social housing tenants, local businesses, schools or other

participants rates simulating time of use (ToU) tariff rates

− Using market-leading Cornwall Insight assessments of forward industry costs

• Exploring optimising the use of low-carbon energy in conjunction with demand-

side technologies

− Smart meters and home energy management systems (HEMS)

− Using batteries and other demand-side interventions to time-shift energy generation

and consumption under HHS conditions

Benefits to Norwich

Wider participation

Community energy aspect allows local people to “buy in”

Wider distribution of revenue from low-carbon generation

Looks at market as it will be, not as it is:

• Market wide HHS

• Time of Use tariffs

Focus on real customers, not “average” customers

Cost/ value impacts

Supplier takes on responsibility for spill –preserving the value of this energy in local market

Enables customer flexibility to be accessed and assessed

Better value streams to generators should bring forward increased deployment

Increased optionality and firmness of consumer exports

Flexibility

Behind the meter response assuming half hourly settlement

Volume interventions as proxy for flexible technologies

Differentiated consumption archetypes provide a better guide to expected consumer behavior

Enhanced sharing of imbalances within supplier portfolio

Optimising local grids

• Pixie Energy is looking to work with large organisations in Norwich to

optimise their energy use

− Large energy users, for electricity and heat

− Typically, have large CHP engines and ambitions to deploy solar arrays

• Need to maximise the value of their existing energy assets, and want to

install additional renewable generation

− Also need more electricity capacity to expand facilities – and wanting a better

option than the high cost in time and money of conventional grid reinforcement

• Analysing load profiles – for heat and power – and looking at options to

balance energy use across nearby sites, we can:

− Link electricity and heat networks, to allow participants to operate and balance

their energy systems more economically

− Share capacity among participants, to minimise and defer network build-out

− Enable the deployment of more low-carbon generation

Why is peak demand important?

• New transmission and distribution lines to

distribute extra power are expensive!

• The cost of keeping enough flexible

generators on the system to provide power

during these peaks is higher still

• By reducing peak demand, either by energy

efficiency measures or by shifting

consumption away from peak periods, these

costs can be minimised

Peak demand drives most of the cost of the energy system,

though most domestic consumer

pricing doesn’t reflect this

The value of flex - domestic

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3

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5

6

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kW

energ

y d

em

and

Half-hourly period

House 1 House 2 House 3 House 4 House 5 House 6 Source: Elexon

The value of flex - domestic

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

kW

energ

y d

em

and

Half-hourly period

House 1 House 2 House 3 House 4 House 5 House 6 Source: Elexon

The value of flex – domestic

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

kW

energ

y d

em

and

Half-hourly period

House 1 House 2 House 3 House 4 House 5 House 6 Original peak

Additional technology

Electricity storage

Allows CHP to run at

times when

economically viable for

electricity but not heat

Charged from onsite

solar or CHPs or off-

peak grid energy

Additional Solar PV Thermal storage

Energy used at peak

time to minimise

expensive imports

Or to defer/ avoid new

connections capacity

Potentially very small

losses – allows seasonal

energy shift

Mature, low cost tech

(compared to electricity

storage)

Rooftop or carpark

canopies as well as

ground-mounted

Reliable income stream

Strong synergies with

CHP heat/ power

generation

Benefits to participants

More efficient use of assets

Avoid costs of new connections

Lower cost of energy

Changing behaviour

• Peak solar generation

in the UK does not

match peak demand

• Energy is spilled to the

grid, often unmetered,

and under valued

• This creates additional

expenses for the

national system, as it

must be balanced by

the system operator0

0.1

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0.3

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Domestic use Solar peak

• If electricity demand can be shifted closer to the peak, or electricity stored until the

peak, this would benefit everyone

• To maximise benefits, shifts in consumption and technology to accommodate the

consumption which can’t be shifted will be needed

Pixie Energy- Data and Discovery

Ben Hardie

Land Ahoy!

• When most people think about renewable East Anglian energy

generation, they tend to think of offshores wind

• However there is a rapidly expanding distributed energy sector

throughout the East Anglian region

• Solar, onshore wind, biomass, and other renewable forms of

onshore energy generation have all seen substantial growth in

recent years

Norfolk Low Carbon Generator Distribution >1MW

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Num

ber

of

Genera

tors

Landfill Gas Dedicated Biomas Onshore Wind Sewage Gas Solar PV Anaerobic Digestion

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017

MW

Landfill Gas Dedicated Biomas Onshore Wind Sewage Gas Solar PV Anaerobic Digestion

The mapping tool

• The mapping work is going to provide baseline information about various

aspects of energy, primarily shown through geographical placemarks,

polygons and heatmaps via online, interactive maps

• The scope of the mapping will involve differentiating between the ambition to

understand the current energy landscape, as well as understanding future

projections and plans

• It is our ambition that the map will one day be accessible through our website

so that our clients and stakeholders can benefit from its data

• The mapping data is essential for a project like Smarter Norwich

What will the mapping tool cover?

• Energy Demand Hotspots

• Generators/Installations

• Combined Heat and Power Schemes

• EV Charging Points

• Battery Energy Storage

• Network Infrastructure (substations, GSPs, gas and electricity transmission networks)

• Energy Efficiency

• Electricity Consumption

• Fuel Poverty

• CO2 Emissions

The mapping is going to be applied to 34 local authority areas, the majority of which are

in Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. The mapping work will include

(but will not be limited to):

Local Authority AreasNorfolk

Norwich

Breckland

Broadland

Great Yarmouth

North Norfolk

South Norfolk

Kings Lynn &

West Norfolk

Suffolk

Ipswich

Babergh

Forest Heath

Mid Suffolk

St Edmundsbury

Suffolk Coastal

Waveney

Cambridgeshire

Cambridge

East Cambridgeshire

Fenland

Huntingdonshire

Peterborough

South

Cambridgeshire

Hertfordshire

Broxbourne

Dacorum

East

Hertfordshire

Hertsmere

North

Hertfordshire

St Albans

Stevenage

Three Rivers

Watford

Welwyn Hatfield

Others

South Holland

(Lincolnshire)

South Kesteven

(Lincolnshire)

Rutland

Uttlesford

(Essex)

A ‘SMART’ mapping tool

S = Specific

M = Measurable

A = Attainable/Achievable

R = Realistic

T = Time Bound

• 1 Landfill Gas Generator (2MW)

• 1 Sewage Gas Generator (2.88MW)

• ~30 Solar PV Installations >30kW (~9MW)

Norwich (5 mile radius) Low Carbon Generator Distribution >30kW Installed Capacity

Known Norwich Low Carbon Generators >30kW Total Installed Capacity: 13-14MW

Norwich Archetypes

Why use our map and who will benefit?

• Development

− The ability to know where generation and grid access already exists is immensely

useful for anyone looking to build or develop a site

− City planners and the local DNO will hugely benefit from this

• Increased resilience

− A localised smart grid can be much more resilient to unexpected change, the

mapping tool will further aid this

− In the event of an emergency, being able to quickly identify available assets

vastly increases resilience

• Demand mapping

− Identifying and studying demand patterns is essential intelligence for energy and

city planners

No future for the Feed-in Tariff

• As of July 2017, there are 4498.46kW of capacity accredited to the Fit

scheme in the Norwich city Council area

• The Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme supports below 5MW generation sites,

with payments for the electricity they generate and the power they export

onto the distribution network.

• The recently released Clean Growth Strategy heavily implies that that FiT

will come to and end in 2019

• It is our hope that Smarter Norwich will create a local energy market to

effectively replace FiT

• This means there is a double incentive to go renewable

What else is out there?

• Pixie is currently working 20 energy related projects across the East

Anglian Region, of which Smarter Norwich is only one

• These mostly involve local, renewable, community run generation

• It is perfectly plausible that Smarter Norwich can be replicated elsewhere

• Our mapping tool will eventually cover the region

Building the map

Expanding our map

• The Pixie mapping tool will eventually cover the whole of East Anglia

• It can be used to inform similar projects to these and many more across

the region

• For example we have already mapped assets in Ipswich

Thank you for Listening

Website: http://www.pixie-energy.com/

Twitter: @Pixie_Energy

E-mail: enquiries@pixie-energy.com