Smart Water Solutions as a key to Reduce Poverty

Henk HoltslagConnect International

Walter MginaSHIPO

November 2009

Who are the poor ?

Rural 75 % (50 % small farmers, 22 % landless, 8% fishermen, forest dwellers, .)

Urban 20%

Hans Eenhoorn, Hunger task force

How to increase production?

Increase fertility, Inputs Improve skillsAcces to market…WATER

Investigations on high benefits of water

Per 1$ invested: 5 - 28 $ WASH (SIWI / WHO

2004)

5 - 60 $ Home treatment (WHO 2008) 10- 20 $ Multiple use (MUS 2008) Safe Water most effective single action to reduce poverty. UN university

2008

Water is essential for 8 MDGs,

For water and sanitation, 84% of theunserved live in rural areas (UNICEF / WHO

2008)

Hence the need for decentralised,

small scale options

Why 50% of the hand pumps fail Too complex Too expensive No ownership

Old “Appropriate Technologies”:

Stone-age image Bad design No private sector

Lessons learned For sustainability:

R Repairability over reliability. Simple, affordable, available

Step by Step, adapt technology to the people

Now it is often the other way around

Profit for all involved, private sector Profit based sustainability, create value chains

3 C`s of marketing, Cost ,… , …

Simple is not easy

Propositions

1 To reach MDG 1, it is more cost- effective to invest in family systems than in communal water systems

2 With the new Home Water Treatment options, unsafe water sources are not a problem anymore.

New Smart Solutions for Wells

Pumps

Storage

Ground water recharge

Irrigation

Treatment (drinking water)

Sanitation

Hygiëne

Wells Manual drilling Rota-sludge, Baptist

Tanzania Water points

reduced from $ 3000 to $ 600

4”casing 30m, rope pump

Bolivia Family system $

100 30 m deep, incl. PVC pump

Pumps Treadle pump

Suction pump for irrigation

1.5 million used in Asia and Africa

Cost $ 15 – 100 Generates income

$100 - 400 / year

Pressure pump, domestic use

5 - 40 meters deep

20.000 installed in Bolivia

Cost: $ 20 - 80

Pumps Baptist, EMAS

Water powered

Lifts to 200 m high (AIDFI)

Cost: $ 200 - ..

Pumps Ram Pumps

Improved Volanta pump

Till 100 m deep

Cost: ca $ 2000

Pumps Afri pump

Communal, Domestic use

4 million users

Cost: $ 30 - 150

Broken piston pumps replaced by rope

pump (Malawi)

Pumps Rope pump

Models for 2m dug wells to 2 “boreholes

Nicaragua

Shift piston pumps to rope pumps increased rural water supply 3 x faster than other countries.

95% functioning

$ 70. Affordable for families

Profit based sustainability those involved make profit

80.000 installed. National standard

Zimbabwe, Malawi, Uganda

1.5 million users now

15 million in 2015

May reach water MDG!

Ghana

Worldbank funded project

80% defect after 1 year

Errors

Devil is in detail

Simple is not easy…

Rope pumps with Pedal, Horse, Engine, Wind

Storage Wire cement tank Emas underground tank, Plastic lined tank.

Bricks, bamboo

1 bag of cement / m3

Volumes 1 – 50 m3

Groundwater recharge

Plants, Vetiver

Spate irrigation

Tube recharge

Irrigation Pepsi drip, Nica drip, Easy drip small farmers, < 2 Ha

They can manage simple low cost irrigation Income / food security

Rope pump + KB drip (No storage tank) Cost $40/ 400 m2

Multiple use Irrigation of tomatoes + Domestic use for 10 families (Payback 6 months)

Home Water Treatment (POU)

Boiling, Chlorine, Silverdyne, Plation, PUR, SODIS, Biosand

New water filters Reduce diarrhoea up to 64% (Unicef / WHO)

Candle CWP

Family straw Siphon

Ceramic Water Purifier produced in 24 countries

Local skills , materials

$ 10- 20

Siphon filter

Eliminates - Turbidity - All bacteria

- $ 6 - 12

Water quality: Hach test, used by UNICEF

presence of E-coli

1.5 US$ / test

www.hach.com

Filtered Bottled BoiledRaw

Sanitation

Ferti slabs

With urine diversion (fertiliser)

Cost; 2/3 bag of cement

Sanitation

Safi Sana Improved collection

Peepoo bag Cost 2 cent / bag

Hygiëne Tippy Tap

Families copy it (after critical mass)Educational for schools

Low cost options for almost all problems

Quality can improve with HWT ; Chlorine, Filters Upgrading hand dug wells Quantity can increase with Manual drilling Locally produced Emas and Rope pumps

Rainwater harvesting, Tube recharge, rooft. Replace broken piston pumps, rope pumps.

Open well to MDG water point

Cover + pump + filter

Cost – Benefit of Smart -Techs More water with Rope pump

In $ 1 mln aid, one time investment Out $ 10 mln / year increase GNP

Family In $ 60 cost of a family pump Out $ 220/ year increased income

Zimbabwe;pump+recharge =80 people food all yearZambia; 1 pump generates 100 – 400 $/ yr

Nicaragua:

Benefits Home Water Treatment Country level Cost: 2 $/cap.1time investment social

marketing Benefit: Reduction of 50% of hospital beds. (Now taken by patients with waterborne

disease)

Family Level Cost: 3 $/yr for disinfection, 10$ for water filter Benefit: 20 to 100 $ / year. Less expenses, more time

Example. 10$ water filters in cholera area in Zimbabwe. None of users had Cholera

How to scale up?

Create “awareness” All stakeholders should be aware of

new options. 1000 fold scaling up of good examples

Simple is not easy Good quality requires training, follow up

Information

Smart series on Water Sanitation Water Harvesting Financing

www.nwp.nl

Wikipedia for water & sanitationwww.akvo.org www.waterchannel.org

…

- Demonstrate options, adequate for region - Hands on training, production,use, marketing

Smart-Tech Centers

MDG? Capacity building is the key

With Smart techs, water for all is more possible than ever before

Dank u wel

Suggestions Increase WASH aid, guaranteed benefit of 5 to 60 x

investment First focus on HWT options. Create supply chains 300 in 6 idea : 2% Dutch aid, 5 yrs Use subsidy communal supply for family

systems Ej 40$/cap x 5 = 200 $ Baptist system 100 $, bigger system?

Credit

Replace broken piston pumps by rope pumps. 200$/pump

Smart-tech centres in all regions

Applied R&D for further cost reduction

Statements ?

Connect International A non profit organization

Mission Community development with Smart concept (Smart techs

and Innovative survey and monitoring.)

Services Hands on training in Smart Techs, Survey, Monitoring Adaptation of Smart techs to local situation Creation of Smart tech centres

Strategy Cooperation with government, NGOs and private sector Awareness creation, networking in water platforms

Where Africa. Ghana, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique,

Zimbabwe Latin America. Nicaragua, El Salvador, Columbia Asia. India, Vietnam, Phillipines