smart tshirt with temperature monituring

SMART WEARABLE T-SHIRT FOR POSTURE MONITORING DURING REHABILITATION EXCERCISES

CHAPTER- 1

INTRODUCTION

Diverse spinal issue may happen through the periods of a man's life amid development, working,

and maturing period. Notwithstanding physical spinal disfigurements, for example, scoliosis and

osteoporotic vertebral cracks, stance and open position dysfunctions are proposed to be the

reason for various sicknesses, which may bring about spinal deformation. Conceivable

methodologies in the recovery of these spinal issue are surgical, therapeutic, or the utilization of

limitation bodices and muscle fortifying activities to neutralize the postural deviations. For the

nonsurgical and nonmedical intercessions, a basic physical activity comprising in the extending

of the body may help expanding the scope of movement and enhancing the spinal activation

since the muscle builds its ability and better backings the postural correction by reducing muscle

hyper tonicity . This activity is normally performed for each kind of subject including elderly

and/or impeded individuals. One vital impact of this activity is the mindfulness change of the

subject's upright stance as exhibited by late studies where the postural mindfulness enhances the

clinical results. The mindfulness can be upheld by a sign, created by an observing framework,

demonstrating to the subject his/her postural state. The sign can be initiated by a calculation that

actualizes the recommendations of the doctor that has in control the obligation of the analysis on

right or off base stance. Along these lines, the patients are urged to expect the right postural

propensities that could restore the correct physiological state. A framework that screens the

postural state ought to be wearable in the event that it doesn't restrain developments and it makes

adequate to be worn constantly amid the activity for the duration of the day. Other huge

attributes are that the vest furnished with the estimation framework must be effortlessly wearable

without the assistance of other persons, simple to utilize, and ought not to trade to off the

patient's protection. At long last, a postural framework outfitted with the likelihood to send

information by means of Web opens the chance of remote restorative supervision, since the

doctor can have target information identifying with the activity execution. Distinctive answers

for the checking of postural movement amid postural restoration or support are accounted for in

the writing, from basic visual perception in clinical practice to more perplexing movement

frameworks utilized as a part of medicinal research facilities. The investigation of stance is

generally performed to gauge the kinematic variables of anatomic fragments utilizing particular


inertial gadgets, simple adaptable strip sensors, ,remote monitoring, simple to computerized

converter. A portion of the said strategies are not appropriate to build up a wearable measuring

framework because of the heaviness of the electromagnetic sensor or to the outlandish possibility

to put on the patient's back an adaptable sensors are mechanized. With the above execution each

information about the patient activities amid activity give information goes down over the patient

activity like physiotherapy restorative advancement reports.

Figure 1: Image of Different postures

The received fortification activity of the body is schematically appeared in Fig. 1 [1], [2]. The

subject is situated on a risqué seat and performs the activity extending the body gradually. Fig. 1

demonstrates the patient expecting two compelling stances: 1) (Pslump) has a high level of spinal

shape and 2) (Phyper−ext) is portrayed by a stretching and fixing of the body, then stances

Pslump and Phyper−ext demonstrate a huge distinction because of a protracting of the body in

the sagittal plane. With the expect to quantify the twisting connected on the subject's Shirt by the

protracting and rectifying in the sagittal plane, we planned another sensor incorporated in a

typical Shirt. The proposed sensor measures the protracting at which the Shirt is subjected to in

light of the fortification activity.


1.1 Literature surveyIn this section, we present a general analysis of previous work on posture monitoring

smart garments. There exists some research works for serving persons with spinal deformity with

simple exercises. A number of different remedies are discussed below.

In [1] depicts a wearable framework for observing physiological stance amid recovery activities

to the spine in patients with gentle scoliosis. The framework can quantify the stance of the

subject through a sensorized T-shirt, which utilizes an inductive sensor. For the examination of

trunk developments, these sensors are utilized to gauge the true to life parameters of body

sections, incorporating the slant with admiration to gravity, direct increasing speed and rakish

speed. The point is to present incorporated accelerometers and whirligigs, alternately girdles that

can distinguish the position change as far as bend change of the spine in the sagittal and coronal.

Sadly, some of these gadgets are moderately extensive and intrusive, and can't be effectively

covered up or utilized for an amplified period. Another constraint is that customary frameworks

can't to give prompt input, while the patient is included in postural exercises of everyday living.

This lack is noteworthy in the event that one considers that postural mindfulness and feeling of

position can assume a key part in the treatment of scoliosis. Actually, later concentrates on

demonstrate that postural mindfulness can progress clinical results. The primary downsides of

wearable sensors accessible on the business sector are their weight, the unbending nature of the

structures that bolster them, the size and different properties that make them obtrusive for the

patient and consequently, scarcely satisfactory if worn ceaselessly for the duration of the day.

In [2] portrays artificially the outline, advancement and portrayal of two remote

instrumented braces for checking lower-appendage recovery exercises. These sensorized bolsters

permit checking pivotal and shear powers and tilt edges progressively. Every bolster is made out

of three strain-gage spans measuring pivotal and shear constrains, a molding and transmission

circuit, a tri-pivotal accelerometer and a battery power administration circuit. The information

are transmitted remotely by means of Bluetooth to a remote PC, no further readout unit is

important In this paper, two remote instrumented braces are depicted and the preparatory results

reported. Supports permit measuring the hub and shear powers, and the antro-back and medio-

horizontal points.


The after effects of portrayal indicate great linearity and a low standard deviation

acquired on different tests. Further work is in progress to enhance the reaction of the

accelerometer keeping in mind the end goal to decrease the issues connected with element

increasing velocities.

In addition, further tests are in advancement to survey the likelihood to screen the

lopsided weight of the subject amid recovery strolling exercises.

In [3] directs a study of the different systems and techniques that are proposed to screen the

developments and exercises of the elderly individuals. These procedures guarantee a valuable

and tried and true discovery framework to give bolster and reduce the medicinal costs of social

insurance for the elderly. The discovery methodologies are isolated into four primary classes:

remote based, feeling gadget based, vision based and floor sensor/electric field sensors based.

These strategies have concentrated on the upsides and downsides of the current techniques for

perceiving the planned extent of exploration in the space of wellbeing checking frameworks.

Aside from highlighting and breaking down the elements of the current strategies, points of view

on likely future studies have been nitty gritty. In this audit, a study on the current results of the

wellbeing observing location techniques are exhibited in writing, concentrating on distinguishing

the methodologies and standards of the current techniques. A class classification of the location

techniques has additionally been displayed. Philosophies of five diverse sorts of advances for

wellbeing checking and recognition framework has been overviewed and talked about. The

methods concentrates on wearable gadgets, remote based, PC vision and video examination

based, surrounding based sensors also, and floor based detecting strategies. From the perspective

purpose of an elderly patient, these strategies are definitely not commonsense or easy to

understand in light of the fact that one must pay consideration on the gadget and recall to convey

it at all times, generally checking does not happen. Besides if the gadgets are battery controlled,

normal charging is required or batteries should be supplanted from time to time. Remote based

innovation has appeared to enhance the way of life of individuals by giving early recognition,

comfort and adaptability. Consequently individuals who live a long way from healing centers,

prompt and snappy treatment amid a crisis can be gotten. However the major downside in this

system is the security and protection of exchanging information. Camera/vision-based methods

are thought to be one of the most ideal routes for human checking. Camera based frameworks

give an exact and promising recognizable proof on situating because of the utilization of stereo

vision, however there are a few lacks, they are costly to introduce subsequent to different


cameras are expected to cover a solitary room. Significant space is required. Besides such

frameworks are powerless to shadows, and reflections, additionally require all the more

processing force. Moreover, they additionally confront the line-of sight issue. A noteworthy

inconvenience is the issue of security. For the most part patients don't incline toward to have

introduced cameras in private spots like their homes, while they are most appropriate for

observing extensive gatherings of individuals in an inconspicuous way. The mood sensor based

strategies, which utilize vibrations or sounds for observing are likewise limited to indoor use and

the signs acquired from the sensors are effectively affected by the unnecessary commotion from

the situations which corrupts the signal.

In [4] audits late improvements in the range of wearable restorative frameworks for p-Wellbeing.

Empowering advancements for ceaseless and noninvasive estimations of imperative signs and

biochemical variables, propels in clever biomedical garments and body region systems,

approaches for movement ancient rarity lessening, techniques for wearable vitality collecting,

and the foundation of standard conventions for the assessment of wearable therapeutic gadgets

are exhibited in this paper with case of clinical utilizations of these advances. Despite the fact

that advances in wearable medicinal frameworks can possibly address the vast majority of the

difficulties right now confronting the advancement of a far reaching and imaginative human

services system. And the change to p-Wellbeing, a few noteworthy issues to augment the extent

of utilization of wearable restorative frameworks still exist. To promote comprehend the

physiological instrument is the establishment to create inventive estimation standards and

strategies for the outline of future wearable restorative gadgets. In addition, low power utilization

is particularly vital. Due to the moderate differing nature of most physiological signs, outlining

coordinated circuits with low cutoff recurrence is important, however lamentably it is extremely

testing to meet the outline determinations for these frameworks. A few tries have been made in

this examination zone. For wearable medicinal gadgets to give constant observing and wellbeing

data to specialists or clinician, consistent transmission of information must be accessible.

In[5] The investigation of stance is generally performed to quantify the kinematic variables of

anatomic fragments utilizing particular inertial gadgets, electromagnetic sensors or cameras

coordinated in better hardware as stereo photogrammetric frameworks , and half frameworks .A

portion of the said procedures are not appropriate to build up a wearable measuring framework


because of the heaviness of the electromagnetic sensor or to the inconceivable possibility to put

on the patient's back a camera or optical sensors. Accelerometers also, whirligigs are regularly

consolidated in bodices and in IMU. They distinguish the position change as far as spinal bend

change in the sagittal plane measuring slant also, precise rates of turns that are coordinated to

acquire the position. Be that as it may, the position qualities are influenced by float issues

because of the reconciliation technique utilized. The fundamental disadvantages of wearable

sensors accessible available are their weight, the inflexibility of the structures that backing them,

and the size and different properties that make them

Uncomfortable for the patient, and thusly scarcely worthy in the event that well used constantly

for the duration of the day. Reference oversees patients with scoliosis checking the spinal stance

and giving input signs to patients to rectify their stance. Regardless of the possibility that no

bulky links are utilized, along these lines encouraging the development and typical capacity in an

extensive variety of exercises, the gadget requires staying, with sticky tape, the sensor link

specifically to the back skin and this operation is troublesome without master help. In this

sensorized busts are utilized for patients with lumbar scoliosis, patients with low back agony for

the elderly and osteoporotic vertebral crack. Nonetheless, the utilization of these assets is

restricted by outer variables, such as obtrusiveness, disarray, physical restriction, and in this way

low level of acknowledgment.


1.2 Motivation In this keen world very nearly 56.1% people groups are utilizing PCs out of which most

extreme are IT people groups ,this IT field persons use to sit in front of PC for delayed

timeframe ,so keeping up stance alongside this 15% of grown-up people groups and 45% of

matured one are all torment from various spinal issue. The variables like word related postures,

depressive moods, obesity and so on, Causes diverse spinal deformities, out of which keeping up

stance is the significant device to get free off from this issue, Many exploration work is done on

this beginning from visual perception to more unpredictable movement system. But these

frameworks confront the issue of weight of sensors, size of the sensor and unbending nature of

the structure which makes the patient uncomfortable. This persuaded us to make an endeavor to

plan a wearable T-shirt in which adaptable sensors are utilized who are light as a part of weight

and effortlessly wearable.

1.3 Objectives and scope

The primary Objectives of our work is,

i. To actualize a calculation which initiates the sign and diagonise the right or erroneous

stance as indicated by the proposals of doctor.

ii. They got simple information is changed over into advanced shape and put away in the

database for examination.

iii. To outline a wearable keen T-shirt for people groups with spinal issue which shows the

individual to keep up legitimate stance by the vibration of a motor without utilizing WI-FI.

1.4 Problem statement

The issue is identified with individuals with various spinal issues. It is unrealistic to be

cognizant about the keeping up stance dependably by all categories of people groups. At present

different frameworks have been utilized by doctors furthermore by patient itself for self

checking. These strategies are immoderate, not precise upto coveted stamps and incorporate

cumbersome structure which can't be effectively convey alongside them and requires

maintenance. Consequently we are actualizing a savvy wearable T-shirt to keep up right stance

amid recovery works out.


1.5 Approach to solution

The info is taken by a sensors fabricated on the Shirt these sensors goes about as a transducer by

changing over physical movement into electrical sign, the simple information is changed over into

computerized structure where hexafile is produced by utilizing AVR studio adaptation 5.The

created document will be spoken with pc by utilizing UART convention .The information will be

stacked to the Information base for future reference by utilizing .net visual studio .The

information of the every individual under perception will be checked through wireless modules.

1.6 Organization of the reportChapter 1 explains about brief introduction of a project . Meanwhile we have included a

literature survey about previous works in SMART Wearable garments. It also explains the

objectives, motivation, problem statement and solution of our project work.

In chapter 2 we have discussed about overview of posture monitoring system. Here we will

discuss about the algorithm, architecture and working principle of system.

Chapter 3 briefs us about hardware and software requirements to carry out our project. Here we

will discuss about AVR based ATMEGA8 Microcontroller and also about Embedded C

programming language and different libraries used.

In chapter 4 hardware and software implementation details is discussed. It gives us the complete

details about our FLEX Sensors, implementation using AVR board along with the system block

diagram and flow chart.

In chapter 5 we have discussed about the response of our system for different Threshold values.

In this section we have also discussed about accuracy and limitations of our project.

Chapter6 gives the conclusion about our project and scope for future work.


CHAPTER -2

OVERVIEW OF POSTURE MONITORING SYSTEM

Posture monitoring system is an effective tool can be used by almost 90% of peoples

during rehabilitation exercises, where the person will be monitored to maintain right posture

according to the sensor output value, by using a vibration motor which vibrates when the posture

is not in accordance. The system meets expectations by first achieving a model which intimates a

user with spinal cord positions during an exercise rehabilitations, even under treatment like

physiotherapy.

2.1 System designThe primary useful modules are divided into two parts a) Smart wearable T-shirt b) A Readout

unit. A securing module is also used to secure the patient data in database system. A unique id

is provided for each person to keep patient’s privacy.

2.1.1 Smart wearable T-shirtFig 2 shows block diagram of smart t- shirt. It consists of sensors, circuit board and vibration

motor.


Figure 2: Block diagram of smart t-shirt

A) Sensors: Two types of sensors are used 1) flexible sensors and 2) Temperature sensors.

Figure 3: Placement of flex sensors on t-shirt

The flex sensors are placed on the back and chest as shown in fig3 , resistors are

connected in series with the sensors to protect them. When there is a bend in spinal cord the length

of it changes which causes the variation of resistance of the flexible sensor, so voltage also

changes. The resistance value increases when flex sensor bends as shown in fig4, it acts like a

transducer by converting physical movement of the person into electrical signal. This sign is

converted into digital form by using ADC in ATMEGA8 Microcontroller.LM35 is an additional

feature used to indicate the body temperature. If the patient is not in posture the motor vibrates by

Smart t-shirt

SensorsVibration Motor

Circuit board


indicating the person that you should maintain posture.

Figure 4: Variation of voltage and resistance

LM 35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR is an extra sensor gave to gauge the body temperature of the

patient more accurately. It is an exactness IC temperature sensor with its yield relative to the

temperature. The sensor hardware is fixed and in this manner it is not subjected to oxidation and

different procedures. With LM35, temperature can be measured more precisely than with a

thermistor. It additionally has low self warming and does not bring about more than 0.1 oC

temperatures ascend in still air.

Figure 5: Image of LM 35 Temp. sensor

B) VIBRATION MOTOR


This is a hardware module formed by the combination of coil and metal shaft .This can be

controlled with voltage. In this system which plays a main role of indicating improper posture

during recovery workout by the vibration.

.

Figure 6: Vibration Motor

The essential capacity of the vibration engine is to caution the client to approaching calls. It can

work in either course, by exchanging voltage extremity .The two engines you have are little

immediate drive, high-productivity engines that work at 12 volts. At the point when the Patient is

not in stance it will vibrates that shows that they need to keep up the stance.

C) CIRCUIT BOARD

It is comprised of AVR based ATMEGA 8 microcontroller, Voltage regulator circuit and 16*2

LCD Display.

ATMEGA 8 Microcontroller: It is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR

RISC architecture.

Vibration motor

Battery


Figure 7: Board of ATMEGA8 Microcontroller

Voltage Regulator Circuit: Here we are using two Full Wave Bridge Rectifier with 5v Regulator

Circuit.

Figure 8: Regulator Circuit

1 2 3 15 16

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

16x2 Liquid Crystal Display

RS R/W En D0 0

D2 D3 D5 D7D6D4D1


LCD Display:

We look at a keen LCD presentation of two lines, 16 characters for each line. The

presentation contains two inward extensive registers, one for commands and the second for

characters to be shown .It likewise contains a client modified RAM zone that can be customized

to produce any craved character that can be framed utilizing a spot lattice

GND 5V Vd A K

The LCD Display which shows the value analysis by the controller during the monitoring of the

system. So it displays the values of sensor added on the T-shirt, these values makes the

convenient to person to maintain his posture in addition with vibration authentication. During the

improper posture of spinal cord the LCD display helps to have a visualization of improper

postures.

2.1.2 Readout Unit

Fig 9 shows the block diagram of Read out unit. It consists of personal computer, Zigbee

MODULE and RS 232 MODULE.


Figure 9: Block diagram of read out unit

Wireless communication is employed by using Zigbee module between the posture monitoring

system and the personal computer. The data is stored in PC for future reference as shown in fig.9

CHAPTER-3

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

This chapter briefs the hardware and software required to carry out this project.

Sl

no.Component Specifications Purpose

Hardware Components

1 Sensors Flexible Whose resistance changes in

PCZigbeeModule

RS 232 Module


accordance with change in

curvature of spinal cord.

2 Temperature sensor LM 35 To measure body temperature.

3 Driver circuit L239D To Drive vibration motor.

4Microcontroller Atmega 8 Heart of the system to control

all operations.

5LCD Display 16*2 To indicate the patient posture

and sensor values.

6 Zigbee Module IEEE 802.15.4 For wireless communication

7 Communication Cable RS 232 For Serial Communication

Software Components

1Microsoft visual

studio2010.net

C –Sharp For data base creation and frame

work

2

AVR Studio Embedded C

programming

language

To develop hexafile for user

designed high level language

code.

3SINA Programmer Programmer which dumps

hexafile to microcontroller

Table 1: Hardware and software requirements of the project

Chapter -4

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

This chapter describes the System implementation details along with the flowchart.

4.1 System Hardware Design

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.15.4


Figure 10: Hardware Functional diagram

Fig 10 shows the hardware functional diagram which is composed of a Sensor block, processor,

motor driver with vibrator and wireless module. In this system we are achieving a model which

intimates a user with spinal cord positions during a rehabilitation exercise, even under treatments

like physiotherapies. This above mentioned monitoring system can be achieved with this proto

type of module .Initially the flex sensors will be placed at the each spinal cord pressure points on

spinal cord. The points will be selected with reference to pressure during the bending of human

body depending on the individual physical parameters, this sensors values will be analog in

nature so to analysis the value of reading during the bending of human body this signals will be

interfaced to ADC block of a Advance microcontrollers .So this analog sensors values will be

analyzed using the ADC block once this analog values are converted digital from this block it is

interfaced to processor block of controller.

These digital values will be analyzed by processor block and decision will be taken

depending on predefined values of thresholds .These values will be set with reference to

individual physical parameters during bending of human body. If the body bends and achieves

the threshold values then the sensor values will be sent to destination system. Achieving of

threshold it also intimates to user with vibration of motor so that the person can maintain a

posture of his body to right way. The sent values during the bending of body will be sent via

wireless communication using PAN network devices like Zigbee. The values sent will be stored

to back of data for future analysis of data.

SENSORBLOCK

PROCESSOR BLOCK(MICROCONTROLLER)

DISPLAY USER REFERNCE

MOTOR DRIVERWITH VIBRATORS

WIRELESSMODULE(ZIGBEE)

PC DB FUTUREUSERREFERENCE


4.1.1 Block Diagram

Figure 11: Block Diagram of posture monitoring system

Fig 11 shows the block diagram in which ATMEGA8 Microcontroller is the heart of the

system. The role of controller over this system is getting the sensor data, making decision over

the sensor user defined threshold values and sending the complete data need to be analyzed. The

analog parameter read from the sensor will be fed to ADC Block of microcontroller, which

converts the received data into digital form, so that controller can make a decision over the

parameters read. Once the digital signals of converted get analyzed to threshold value the

controller makes a decision of action, the decision will be made in such a manner that the person

under observation will be authenticated and the entire data is analyzed during the fail of posture

which will be sent to monitoring system for future analysis of data.

4.1.2 Analog to Digital Converter

ATMEGA8

ADC

Sensors over back

Sensor over front

LMLLLLM 35 Temp. sensor Motor

driver

ZigBee

Vibration motor

Data base

User PC

ZigBee


Figure 12: ADC of the AVR

Almost all the data is analog in nature, it may be temperature, pressure, voltage, etc, their

variation is always analog in nature. The processing of these analog signals is quite inefficient in

terms of accuracy, speed and desired output. Hence, we convert them to digital form using an

Analog to Digital Converter (ADC).

ADC has 10 bit resolution which implies there are 2^10=1024 steps.

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Table 2

V

O

L

T

A

G

E

A

D

C

V

A

L

U

E

5

1

0

2

3

3

.

7

5

7

6

8

2

.

5

5

1

2

1

.

2

5

2

5

6

0 0


Figure 13: Relation between sensor analog output and ADC value

In Table 1, Assume we utilize a 5V reference this case, any simple worth in the middle of

0 and 5V is changed over into its identical ADC value. The 0-5V territory is partitioned into

2^10 = 1024 stages. In this way, a 0V info will give an ADC yield of 0; 5V information will

give an ADC yield of 1023, while a 2.5V info will give an ADC yield of around 512. This is the

essential idea of ADC.

4.1.3 FLEXIBLE SENSORS

Figure 14: Image of flexible sensor

Flex sensors are simple resistors shaped via carbon resistive components inside a

slim adaptable substrate, If the carbon is more means the resistance is less. At the point when the

substrate is bended the sensor creates a resistance yield in light of the curve range. The curve

sensor has resistance of 30-250K ohms.


Figure 15: Change in resistance with sensor bend

4.1.4 LM 35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR


Figure 16 : photo of the LM 35 wired on a circuit board

A temperature sensor is a gadget, ordinarily, a thermocouple, that accommodates temperature

estimation through an electrical sign. A thermocouple is produced using two unique metals that

create electrical voltage in direct extent to changes in temperature. The LM35 can be associated

effortlessly similarly as other incorporated circuit temperature sensors. It can be adhered or built

up to a surface and its temperature will be inside around the scope of 0.01˚C of the surface

temperature. This presumes the surrounding air temperature is just about the same as the surface

temperature; if the air temperature were much higher or lower than the surface temperature, the

real temperature of the LM35 bite the dust would be at a middle of the road temperature between

the surface temperature and the air temperature.

Why Use LM35s To Quantify Temperature?

1 You can quantify temperature more precisely than an utilizing a thermistor.

2 The sensor hardware is fixed and not subject to oxidation, and so forth.

3 The LM35 produces a higher yield voltage than thermocouples and may not require that

the yield voltage be enhanced.

What Does a LM35 Do? How can it work?

1 It has a yield voltage that is corresponding to the Celsius temperature.

2 The scale variable is .01V/oC

3 The LM35 does not require any outside adjustment or trimming and keeps up an

exactness of +/ - 0.4 oC at room temperature.


4 Another critical normal for the LM35DZ is that it draws just 60 miniaturized scale amps

from its supply and has a low self-warming capacity. The sensor self-warming causes under 0.1

oC temperature ascend in still air.

4.1.5 L239D DRIVER CIRCUIT

Figure 17: L239D DRIVER CIRCUIT


L293D is a Motor Driver IC which permits DC engine to drive on either direction. L293D is a

16-pin IC which can control an arrangement of two DC engines all the while in any bearing. It

implies that you can control two DC engine with a solitary L293D IC. Double H-span Engine

Driver coordinated circuit (IC).

The l293d can drive little and calm huge engines as well. It takes a shot at the idea of H-scaffold.

H-scaffold is a circuit which permits the voltage to be flown in either course. As you most likely

are aware voltage need to alter its course to be ready to pivot the engine in clockwise or

anticlockwise bearing, Henceforth H-span IC are perfect for driving a DC engine

Figure 18 : H-Bridge board

There are 4 info pins for L293d, pin 2,7 on the left and stick 15 ,10 on the privilege. Left

information pins will direct the turn of engine associated crosswise over left side and right

contribution for engine on the right hand side. The engines are turned on the premise of the

inputs gave over the info pins as Rationale 0 or Rationale 1.

VCC is the voltage that it requirements for its own particular interior operation 5v; L293D won't

utilize this voltage for driving the engine. For driving the engines it has a different procurement

to give engine supply VSS (V supply). L293d will utilize this to drive the engine. It implies in

the event that you need to work an engine at 9V then you have to give a Supply of 9V crosswise

over VSS Engine supply. The most extreme voltage for VSS engine supply is 36V. It can supply

a maximum current of 600mA for each channel. Since it can drive engines Up to 36v

consequently you can drive truly enormous engines with this l293d.VCC pin 16 is the voltage for

its own particular inward Operation. The greatest voltage ranges from 5v and up to 36v


4.1.6 ZIGBEE MODULE

Figure 19: Image of Zigbee module

Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based determination for a suite of abnormal state correspondence

conventions used to make individual region systems. The innovation characterized by the Zigbee

particular is planned to be less difficult and less costly than different remote individual zone

systems (WPANs, for example, Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Its low power utilization limits transmission

separations to 10–40. Zigbee is regularly utilized as a part of low information rate applications

that require long battery life and secure systems administration Zigbee has a characterized rate of

250 Kbit/s, most appropriate for discontinuous information transmissions from a sensor or

information device .Zigbee is an ease, low-control, long battery life gadgets in remote control


and observing applications. Zigbee gadgets have low dormancy, which facilitate decreases

normal current. . Zigbee works at 2.4 GHz.

4.1.7RS 232 CABLE AND MAX 32 IC

Figure 20: Image of RS232 Cable

RS-232 is a standard for serial correspondence transmission of information. It formally

characterizes the signs associating between work station, and an information correspondence

hardware. The RS-232 standard is regularly utilized as a part of PC serial ports. A RS-232 serial

port was at one time a standard component of a PC, utilized for associations with modems,.

Nonetheless, RS-232 is hampered by low transmission speed, extensive voltage swing, and vast

standard connectors.

Max 32 IC Is Utilized to coordinate the working voltage between Zigbee module and PC for

serial correspondence.


4.2 SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN

The software requirements for designing smart t- shirt is as follows Microsoft visual studio 2010.net

AVR studio version5

SINA programmer

4.2.1 MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO 2010.NET:

Fig 21: Front View of Microsoft Visual Software 2010.Net

C# is an exquisite and sort safe article situated dialect that empowers designers to manufacture

an assortment of secure and hearty applications that keep running on the .NET System. We can

utilize C# to make conventional Windows customer applications, XML Web administrations,

appropriated segments, customer server applications, database applications, and much, a great

deal more. Visual C# gives a propelled code supervisor, helpful client interface fashioners,


coordinated debugger, and numerous different devices to make it simpler to create applications

in view of adaptation 4.0 of the C# dialect and rendition 4.0 of the .NET System.

4.2.2 .NET SYSTEM STAGE DESIGN

C# programs keep running on the .NET Structure, an essential part of Windows that incorporates

a virtual execution framework called the normal dialect runtime and a bound together

arrangement of class libraries. The CLR is the business usage by Microsoft of the basic dialect

base, a worldwide standard that is the premise for making execution and advancement situations

in which dialects and libraries cooperate consistently. Source code written in C# is accumulated

into a transitional dialect that adjusts to the CLI detail. The IL code and assets, for example,

bitmaps and strings, are put away on plate in an executable record called a get together,

ordinarily with an expansion of .exe or .dll. A get together contains a show that gives data about

the get together's sorts, rendition, society, and security prerequisites.

At the point when the C# system is executed, the get together is stacked into the CLR, which

may take different activities in view of the data in the show. At that point, if the security

necessities are met, the CLR performs in the nick of time (JIT) gathering to change over the IL

code to local machine guidelines. The CLR additionally gives different administrations identified

with programmed trash gathering, special case taking care of, and asset administration. Code that

is executed by the CLR is some of the time alluded to as "oversaw code," as opposed to

"unmanaged code" which is aggregated into local machine dialect that objectives a particular

framework. The accompanying chart outlines the gather time and run-time connections of C#

source code records, the .NET Structure class libraries, gatherings, and the CLR.

Dialect interoperability is a key component of the .NET System. Since the IL code delivered by

the C# compiler complies with the Normal Sort Particular (CTS), IL code produced from C# can

communicate with code that was created from the .NET forms of Visual Fundamental, Visual C+

+, or any of more than 20 different CTS-agreeable dialects. A solitary get together may contain

numerous modules written in various .NET dialects, and the sorts can reference each other

generally as though they were composed in the same dialect.

Notwithstanding the run time benefits, the .NET System likewise incorporates a broad library of

more than 4000 classes sorted out into namespaces that give a wide assortment of helpful


usefulness for everything from record information and yield to string control to XML parsing, to

Windows Frames controls. The average C# application utilizes the .NET Structure class library

broadly to handle basic "pipes" tasks.

4.2.3 AVR STUDIO VERSION5:

Fig 22: Front View of AVR Studio Version 5

Atmel® AVR Studio® 5 is the Incorporated Advancement Environment (IDE) for

creating and investigating inserted Atmel AVR® applications. The AVR Studio 5 IDE gives you

a consistent and simple to-use environment to compose, fabricate, and investigate your C/C++

and constructing agent code. Which is utilized to produce a hex record which is to composed to

microcontroller with an assistance of developer and a software engineer programming.


4.2.4 STEPS INVOLVED TO GENERATE PROJECT HEX FILE:

Step 1:

Fig 23: Creation of a New Project


Step 2:

Fig 24: Selection of Target Device for Which the Hex File is to be generated

Step3:

Fig 25: Write Code With C.

Step4: click on run compile, no errors result.

Step5: build target generate hex file.


4.2.5 SINA PROGRAMMER

Fig 26: Shows Front View of Sina Programmer

Sina Programmer is burner programming with straightforward client additionally joins

an AVR Wire number cruncher. It utilizes enhanced AVRDUDE 5.10 and underpins new

gadgets and new records just the accessible ports and baud rate determination is conceivable. It is

a standalone straightforward programming and no establishment is select the gadget sort as

ATmega16 and set the Software engineer to USB asp and port to USB (as seen at the base of

window).Click on scan under Hex Document and find the .Hex record to snap System catch

under bits can likewise be customized.

4.2.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM WORKFLOW

Fig 27 shows the flowchart of our posture monitoring system using flexible sensors. On power

ON LEDs start to blink.

Initially sensor values are displayed in the LCD Display, if there Is a bend in any sensors motor

vibrates and send the parameter to PC through Wireless module, auto select with COM PORT

and monitor on RX Buffer, load the complete data to database for future reference and analysis.


START

Monitor the sensor values Displa

y

If threshold met with assigned value

NO

YES

Motor vibrates ,send

the sensor Parameter to PC through wireless


Fig 27: Flow chart

uAuto select with com port and monitor on RX buffer

If data found in receiver buffer

YES

NO

Load the complete data to data base with

specified intervals

Data analysis for future use

STOP


CHAPTER-5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

5.1 Results and discussionsThis chapter provides details about the results obtained from the work done and output of the

project under varied conditions.

In This Anticipate We Will Executing A Proto Sort Framework remote Wearable Shirt For

Stance Checking Amid Recovery Works out .where a progression of strip sensors are set over

spinal line of human model .at whatever point the human body twists amid restoration or support

practices the whole simple information are separated from those arrangement of strip sensors

which are set over the spinal rope and close to the mid-section .This qualities will be perused by

mc unit which will change over the qualities simple to computerized with the assistance of

inward ADC unit and the individual under this condition will be insinuated with the vibration of

engines which are appended with the gadget and each information amid the casual fortification

activities will be stacked to an information base so for the later references for ,observing

database a GUI is worked with The assistance of .net visual studio a windows structure will be

constructed so it will make all the more simple for client to screen each information of individual

under the perception and each information will be observed with the remote modules.

Once the reference model is ready the following tests will be conducted by the customer to check

its operation without studying about implementation methods. Table 3 and 4 gives the results of

hardware and software testing; if it passes all the observations then we can use it application.


5.1 HARDWARE TESTING

Sl

No.

Observation Description Result

1 Turn on power 1 Found continuous vibration of

motor

PASS

2 Turn on power 2 Found no updates PASS

3 Turn on both

power1and

power2

Observed that motor vibration

found during bending of reference

model

PASS

4 Bending of any

flex sensor

Resulting sending of data to PC

found

PASS

5 Found vibration During bending of sensor or

found curvature in sensor physical

architecture

PASS

Table 3: HARDWARE TESTING


5.2 SOFTWARE TESTING

Sl

No.

Observation Description Result

1Invalid Login

Message popup invalid user name and password PASS

2Valid Login

Message popup valid user name and password PASS

3 USB not attached to COM port Auto select FAIL

4 COM port Auto select PASS5 Select turn on for auto

selected comport to open status Monitoring PASS

6 Select turn off for auto selected comport to close status Stop monitoring PASS

7 During monitoring store the data to data base

To specific allocated columns ,with name,id,sensor values date and time PASS

8 Data grid view View the data stored with table reference PASS9 Sort by id Allocated during observations PASS10 Close application close COM port stop reception PASS

Table 4 : SOFTWARE TESTING

The following snapshots show the steps to be followed to maintain the data of the patient in

database for future reference. Fig 28 shows snapshot where login is password protected.


Figure 28: Snapshot of login

Figure 29: Snapshot of healthcare monitoring system initially

In fig. 29 the COM PORT needs to be turned on for data monitoring.


Figure 30: Snapshot of healthcare monitoring system during bending of reference model

Fig 30. Shows the Snapshot of healthcare monitoring system during bending of reference model, where

the sensor values will be monitored along with the vibration of motor


Figure 31: Snapshot of Health care DATABASE


Figure 32: Snapshot of Health care DATABASE

Fig 31 and 32 shows Snapshot of Health care DATABASE for different patients where we can

observe the change in reference value of sensors along with date and time. This data can be used for

future reference.

5.2 VOLTAGE ANALYSIS OF THE SENSOR

In this we are using flex sensors whose resistance value changes whenever there is a bend in the

curvature of sensor, the reference ADC value for 5v is considered as 1023,due to change in resistance

value of sensor the voltage also changes .Table 5 gives the voltage analysis of the sensor.


SL

NO.

VOLTAGE CURVATURE

(in deg)

RESISTANC

E

(K ohm)

ADC VALUE

1 5 0 1 1023

2 4 30 65 800

3 3 40 100 525

4 2 60 130 435

5 1 90 250 250

Table 5 : voltage analysis of the sensor.

5.3 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

In this we have designed a smart T-shirt where Zigbee module is used for wireless

communication the range is up to 40 meter, this is the limitation of the project.


CHAPTER- 6

CONCLUSION AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

6.1 CONCLUSION

In this a wearable remote Shirt is intended for measuring the protracting incited on a Shirt

follower to the body by various stances amid a fortification activity. A flexible sensor is

coordinated in the Shirt material, sewn Straight forwardly on the fabric; its resistance changes

when a geometric distortion, brought on by the extending and rectifying of the body, is

connected on the Shirt. An electronic circuit measures the resistance esteem and yields a voltage.

A clinical assessment of stance expected by the patient requires to be finished by a doctor who

can, through the utilization of the model, set up a relationship between the nature of the stance of

the patient and the voltage yield. The framework has a biofeedback postural sign (vibrations) that

can encourage restorative methodology. This sign can be gotten through a vibratory boost

accomplished with a vibration motor and it can be enacted by a calculation that actualizes the

recommendations of the doctor that has in control the obligation of the conclusion on right

alternately wrong stance. Along these lines, patients are urged to

Expect the right postural propensities that could reestablish the best possible physiological state.

Each patient that use the proposed system can have different geometric characteristics

influencing in this way the deformation induced on the T-shirt even if the same posture is

assumed. Due to the deformation change, the ADC reference value also changes when the

subject is in Phyper−ext posture. Since this value is used as reference for the electronic circuit,

the new value can be generated in an automatically way. Since the sensor output is a voltage

related to the deformation of the T-shirt, the prototype has been tested by comparing its results

with those obtained by an optical measurement system typically used in experiment for body

movement analysis. In this way, the voltage output of the system and the deformations of the T-

shirt have a direct correspondence and all the data have been used to estimate the uncertainty.

The T-shirt with the sewn flexible sensor is washable.

The T-shirt is simple and light due to the use of flexible sensor. Therefore, the proposed

T-shirt is wireless, lightweight, wearable, and meets the clinical and psychological needs, such as

patient comfort, easiness of use, and noninvasiveness. Furthermore, other aspects were

considered; during rehabilitation exercises, physical activity is not likely to make the subject

sweats, however, even if this should happen, the sweat in normal condition does not interfere.


Furthermore, since the circuit board processes the data directly on the T-shirt, and then the data

are available for immediate presentation and analysis, or sent via Internet using the readout unit,

it is possible to monitor the rehabilitation exercise in remote with advantages such as: 1)

reduction of the environmental impact created by unnecessary patient’s travel.

2) Increasing the effectiveness in terms of optimizing the use of resources and clinical nursing;

3) reduction of the social cost of caregivers..

6.2 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORKFurther research is underway to further reduce the consumption of electronics. The electronic

circuit board is separated and is placed in a pocket connected to the T-shirt by two snap buttons.

Such electronics can be integrated in a silicon circuit, powered by battery, constituting a device

of a few grams; then, a small lightweight battery can be adopted. The prototype that we have

described here allows achieving the goal of this paper that aims to assess the behavior of T-shirt

for this specific application.


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