smart sustainable cities and communities: status report of...
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Smart Sustainable Cities and Communities: Status Report of Triple Helix Projects in Norway Annemie Wyckmans & many others NTNU Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art Japan-Norway Energy Science Week, Tokyo, 26-29 May 2015
http://www.ntnu.edu/smartcities LinkedIn: «Smarte byer og bygder»
Cities as polluters
Smart Sustainable Cities
=
Energy-Efficient, Climate-Resilient, Health-Promoting,
Inclusive & Attractive by default
Smart Sustainable Cities
Smart Grids
Energy Systems Integration
Zero Emission Buildings /
Neighbourhoods Solar Wind Industries
? ?
Smart City: From Science to Practice (and back)
How can research contribute? Now In 20 years from now
What kind of research is needed now in order to help cities reach their long-term visions in terms of energy, greenhouse gas emissions and sustainability?
How can we contribute to develop the right indicators and assessment methods to help cities in their transformation to a low carbon society?
How can we contribute to provide science-based information as decision support for cities that need to make risky decisions? (i.e., not business as usual)
Lots of definitions, some common ground Designed as urban innovation ecosystems
Use of ICT-enabled systems and tools
Tackle complex environmental and sustainability challenges
Optimize performance of urban infrastructures, services & processes
Towards a low-carbon society with high quality of life
Smart technologies
Wireless Trondheim
& MazeMap
Tracking movement
patterns indoors & outdoors
to learn more about how
spaces are used
Contact persons John Krogstie (NTNU) &
Thomas Jelle (MazeMap)
Smart people What does having customised information at all times mean for our dialy lives,
for the manner in which we use buildings and the city?
Illustration: EU project «MyNeighbourhood»; Contact person Sobah Petersen (SINTEF Technology and Society)
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Annemie Wyckmans, 24.oktober 2013, Inneklimadagen Oslo
Smart Design: Robust integration When everything functions as intended we hardly notice it…
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Annemie Wyckmans, 24.oktober 2013, Inneklimadagen Oslo
… while poor design and errors are perceived very quickly, can create severe hindrances in our daily lives, and diminish our quality of life
Integrated infrastructures – Urban ecosystems Who is responsible for the integration between different sectors? Energy Water Transport Buildings Green structures ICT Waste Food ...
Powerhouse Kjørbo; Sandvika / Bærum ; Illustration SNØHETTA / MIR. www.zeb.no
Towards Zero Emission Buildings
Powerhouse Kjørbo; Sandvika / Bærum ; Illustration SNØHETTA / MIR
Towards Zero Emission Buildings
IEA Task 51 Solar Energy in Urban Planning http://task51.iea-shc.org/ Photo: Gabriele Lobaccaro
SINTEF & NTNU (KPI-SEC)
Key Performance Indicators for Smart Energy Communities
Energy use per capita; Energy use per unit of GDP; Reserves-to-production ratio; Non-carbon energy share in energy and electricity; Net energy import dependency; Percentage of income spent on energy; Storage capacity; Security of supply, etc
Total residential electrical energy use per capita; Percentage of city populations with authorized electrical service; Energy consumption of public buildings; Percentage from renewables of total energy use; Impact on teh electricity network; Air pollution; Charging networks; Intelligent transport systems; Average commuting times; Value of fuel savings etc
Reductions in CO2 emissions; Life cycle costs; Air pollution; Import and export of energy; K2H/m2 per hours of occupancy; CO2/travel km; Distance to public transport nodes; Frequency of public transport; Cycling networks; Integration of RES; Intelligent transport facilities etc
Energy demand in kWh/m2 floor area; Delivered and primary energy in kWh/m2 floor area; Power demand; CO2 emissions from materials, construction and operation; Life cycle energy costs; Load match and grid interaction indicators; User interaction etc
Country Level City Level District Level Building Level
COST TU0902 iaforcities.com Integrated Assessment of Cities
Integrated assessment methods e.g. London http://www.ncl.ac.uk/ceser/researchprogramme/integratedsystemsdemonstrationscities/
Contact person: Richard Dawson (Newcastle University)
www.ramses-cities.eu
RAMSES Reconciling Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation and Sustainable Development in Cities
ZenN Near Zero Energy Neighbourhoods. Energy Efficient Renovation of Domestic Building Blocks www.zenn-fp7.eu
COSSMIC Collaborating Smart Solar-Powered Microgrids www.cossmic.eu
Governance and Public Participation
1919 – 1922: Energy fficiency test buildings at NTNU campus
2014: ZEB Living Lab & Test Cell
Long-Term Planning, Acting & Monitoring
Urban Lab Trondheim Landuse & transportation planning ZEB buildings Smart Cities Low energy/ emission neighborhood planning Health promoting areas Social inclusion & participatory processes Urban governance Public space and Art
Kunnskap for en bedre verden 25 Contact person: Hogne Nersund Larsen (Asplan Viak) & Simon Loveland (Trondheim municipality)
Engagement of professional and end user communities Research + Industry + Public governance + Citizens + Funding organisations + Insurance + Politicians + ...
Norwegian cooperation on smart cities
Capacity building
Project workshops
Mobilisation workshops
Presentation of regional activities
www.eera-sc.eu
Skien
Bodø
Stavanger
Bergen
Trondheim
Oslo
Kristiansand
Stavanger won a prestigious European Horizon 2020 project as smart city lighthouse in 2014. Trondheim has applied, with support of NTNU, SINTEF and a range of local companies, in 2015
Kunnskap for en bedre verden 30 Contact persons: Eivind Sommerseth (Research Council Norway) & Asgeir Jordbru (Bodø municipality)
Triple Helix Cooperation between cities, industry & research to optimise knowledge transfer and
learning, document experiences, and avoid mistakes already made by others
COST Action TU0902
www.eera-sc.eu
EU-skyggegruppen har som formål å øke norsk deltagelse i EU-prosjekter og –nettverk tilknyttet energieffektive bygninger / smarte byer og tettsteder. Prosjektet kjøres av NTNU og SINTEF Byggforsk, og er finansiert av
Medvirkningsordningen til Norges forskningsråd, prosjektnummer 235153 . Epost: [email protected], LinkedIN: Smarte byer og bygder; Nettside: http://www.ntnu.edu/smartcities
www.eera-set.eu
66 research centres & universities, incl 2 umbrella organizations & 5 industry partners 262 person years per year Support transformation towards smart, energy-efficient, liveable, sustainable cities in EU
Joint Program Smart Cities A virtual centre of excellence within EERA European Energy Research Alliance
Contact persons in Norway: Annemie Wyckmans (NTNU)
& Mads Mysen (SINTEF Byggforsk)
City Advisory Board (2/deltagerland)
Norge: Trondheim & Oslo
(2014 – 2016)
Coordination Meeting Review JP Smart Cities, Vienna,
26 February 2013
A new role for buildings in generating, distributing, consuming, storing, and saving energy at urban scale
?
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Identifying / Measuring Added Value
What happens around 2018 – 2020 when all new buildings become NZEB? (EPBD) When all buildings need to generate part of their own energy => interaction with the grid, with other buildings is a core issue What kind of added value are we looking for?
• Primary Energy • User Services • Quality of Energy (optimal energy use) • Scale
•Quantification of Rebound Effect
•Link to indicators •Cities website Level 3 Activity: Knowledge Platform
USER
BUILDING
CITY
MOBILITY
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KPIs for Energy-efficient Interactive Buildings in Smart Cities (EeIB)
What is the role of buildings in Smart Cities?
• Definition / Vision of EeIB • Key Performance Indicators for EeIB (KPI) • Assessment of Added Value / Cost of EeIB
Methodology for developing KPIs • Quantitative & qualitative • Purpose of KPI (design, evaluation, modelling, performance, informative, regulation…)
• Target group for KPI (city managers, grid operators, researchers, general public…)
• Establish priorities (core dimensions, parameters, data)
• Establish co-benefits & conflicts (e.g., efficiency vs adaptation, redundancy)
• Specify temporal and spatial level (building, neighborhood/district, municipality,…)
• Benchmarking – Transferability across cities
KPIs
Building – Energy System Integration
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Building – Energy System Integration
Design and operation of buildings as active optimal components in the eenrgy system of the Smart City
Optimisation parameters • Available flexibility (see NB!) • Renovation-level • Building typologies, design process • Integration of renewables / mix of energy resources
Constraints • Comfort/User behaviour • Development over lifetime / usage of buildings • Robustness of energy system • National policies • General lack of information/representative data
NB! The main function of the building will always be a place where people live/work – first priority
KPIs
Building – Energy System Integration
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Added value Smart buildings / cities do things for people that they would not do themselves • Services • What are you optimizing for? E.g., GHG, cost, energy, comfort, resilience (all? Service with the least amount of impact) • Optimizing at which scale ? Building + District + City
• How to identify potential conflicts, co-benefits, synergies? • How to identify opportunities for intervention? Need for Key Performance Indicators • A way to systemize, common repository of data • Measure towards which you can optimise, decision support • Hierarchical approach for optimization and control structure • Validate modelling/prediction – real-world performance • Benchmark for comparison, improvement
KPIs
Building – Energy System Integration
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Feedback summary
Requirements for KPIs: • Concise – not too many KPIs • Being dynamic, how they are varying together • Correct scale (Building to neighbourhood/district, clusters, not individual • Upgrading existing policy/framework in cities, models, regulations • KPIs linking buildings to Smart Cities (bottom up + top down) • Representation of the rest of the system when designing buildings (e.g., what does “flexibility” mean?)
KPIs
Building – Energy System Integration
Buildings
Smart Cities
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Feedback summary
KPIs should reflect how people are using buildings & the city • Qualitative • Quantitative (e.g count how many people use green areas/common areas/public
spaces and for how long do they use it and for which purposes (ref study in Denmark by Jan Gehl)
• Socio technical systems, e.g. the aging society
• Energy budget for people (smart phone – cost og comfort) • Cheap loans for EEIB • Incentives for developers/owners
KPIs
Building – Energy System Integration
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Feedback summary
KPIs should assure adaptability (short / long term) for many parameters e.g. • Climate change • Regulations • Cost issues • Different usages of the building over the lifetime, day/night etc • Demand energy response • Include innovation, e.g. in terms of RES, storage • Include probability of future events
Resilience of building – energy systems integration: • Security – Robustness • Flexibility – Connectivity – Cascading effects • Responsiveness – Hierarchy • Redundancy – Diversity • …
KPIs
Building – Energy System Integration
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Towards a Knowledge Platform for Energy-Efficient Interactive Buildings
• Distinction according to beneficiaries • Cases and pilots • Data sets (open) and protocols – involvement of industry? • Business models • Information from different levels (Buildings, cities, regional and national) • Systems for forecast and load management (Production, weather and load) • Development and sharing of tools and applications • Supporting ICT structure • Systemic approach development • EU wide database on user / energy data
Level 2 Activity: Repository of all SP3 output on the EERA JP Smart Cities website Level 3 Activity: Knowledge Platform
Smart Sustainable Cities
Smart Grids
Energy Systems Integration
Zero Emission Buildings /
Neighbourhoods Solar Wind Industries
? ?
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Smart Sustainable Cities and Communities: Status Report of Triple Helix Projects in Norway Annemie Wyckmans & many others NTNU Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art Japan-Norway Energy Science Week, Tokyo, 26-29 May 2015
http://www.ntnu.edu/smartcities LinkedIn: «Smarte byer og bygder»