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SMART

Design and Technology Features

for both Electric & Non-Electric Applications

Interregional Workshop on Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technology for Near Term Deployment, 4~8 July 2011, Vienna, Austria

Keun Bae ParkSMART Technology Development

SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 2

Contents

Features of SMART

Current Status of SMART Project

The Safety of SMART

Perspectives and Closing Remarks


Contents

Features of SMART


The Safety of SMART


SMART : System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor


Small & Medium Reactors (SMR) offer Several Advantages Enable enhanced safety features (robustness)

- Easier implementation of advanced safety features- Small source term and passive safety

Suitable for small or isolated electrical grids Lower capital cost per unit

- Small financial risks- Makes nuclear energy feasible for more utilities and energy suppliers

Siting and co-generation flexibilities Just-in-time capacity addition, Short construction time

- Enable to meet electric demand growth incrementally

Many realizable SMR concepts proposed are based on the LWR technology and reflection of the past experiences By eliminating the cause of accidents (initiators), instead of controlling

accidents (ex. DBAs) Integral PWR fits into these logical requirements

SMR Solutions to Global Energy Issues


Integral PWR SMART

Control Rod Drive Mechanism

Pressurizer

Reactor Coolant Pump

Upper Guide Structure

Core Support Barrel

Flow Mixing Header Ass’y

Core

ICI Nozzles

Steam Nozzle

Feedwater Nozzle

SteamGenerator

330 MWt (100 MWe) nominal output• Small core (57 fuel assemblies) and source term• Unit output enough to support electricity, water and heat

demand for population of 100,000

Integral PWR with no large RPV penetrations• Less than 2’’ penetrations• In-vessel Pressurizer• In-vessel Steam Generator• Canned Motor Pump

Inherent Safety*• Elimination of LB-LOCA by design• No core uncovery during SB-LOCA

Performance proved Fuel• Standard 17x17 UO2 (< 5 w/o U235) w/reduced height (2m)• Advanced Grid / IFM design• Peak Rod Burnup < 60 GWd/t• Performance proved @ operating PWRs

Improved Core Operability• Cycle length: 1,000 EFPD (~ 3 years)• Proven reactivity control measures

- CRDM, Soluble Boron, BP


Application of SMART

Plant Data

Power : 330 MWt Water : 40,000 t/day Electricity : 90 MWe

System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor

SeawaterFreshwater

Electricity

Desalination Plant

IntakeFacilities

Steam

SMART

SteamTransformer

330MWth Integral PWRElectricity Generation, Desalination and/or District Heating

Electricity and Fresh Water Supply for a City of 100,000 Population Suitable for Small Grid Size or Localized Power System


Application of SMART

4 Units of MED-TVC to produce 40,000 ton/day + 90 MWe Additional Protection of Possible Radioactive Contamination by

Steam Transformer

Desalination System

147 Gcal/h of Heat Supply to Local Area Heating + 82 MWeSupply of Electricity and 85°C Hot Water for 100,000 Populations

- Based on Peak Electric Power and Heat Usages of Korea

District Heating


NSSS Development Overview

Core DesignThermo-hydraulic DesignRadiation Protection

Nuclear DesignInstrument & Control SystemsMain Control Room DesignHuman Factor s Engineering

MMIS Design

RCS DesignSafety Systems DesignWater Chemistry DesignThermo-hydraulic Analyses

Fluid Systems Design

Performance AnalysesSafety AnalysesP.S.A.Severe Accident Design

Safety Analysis

Structural DesignRCS ArrangementComponent SpecificationSeismic Analyses

Mechanical Design

User RequirementsSystem IntegrationPre-operational Test

Design Integration


Nuclear Steam Supply System General

• Thermal/Electric Power : 330 MWt/100 MWe• Design Life Time : 60 Years

Design Characteristics• Integrated Primary System• Passive Residual Heat Removal System• Simplified Safety Injection System• Long Refueling Cycle : 36 months• Full Digital MMIS Technology


RPV and InternalsPSV Nozzle

CRDM Nozzle

ICI Nozzle

ICI Support Structure

PSV Nozzle

CRDM Nozzle

ICI Nozzle

PSV Nozzle

CRDM Nozzle

ICI Nozzle

ICI Support Structure

Flow Skirt

Core Support Barrel

Upper Guide Structure

1 x Flow Mixing Header Assembly8 x Helical Steam Generator

Impeller Flywheel

Diffuser

Component Cooling

Sealing Can

Shaft

Cooler Rotor

Stator

Impeller Flywheel

Diffuser

Component Cooling

Sealing Can

Shaft

Cooler Rotor

Stator

4 x Canned Motor Pump

1 x In-vessel Steam Pressurizer

25 x Mag-Jack CRDM


Control & Protection (Digital MMIS)

Fully Digitalized I&C System: DSP Platform 4 Channel Safety/Protection System and Communication 2 Channel Non-Safety System

Advanced Human-Interface Control Room Ecological Interface Design Alarm Reduction Elastic Tile Alarm

Safety A channelSafety B channelSafety C channelSafety D channel

Non-Safety X channelNon-Safety Y channel

Safety Interface network

Non-Safety Interface networkNon-Safety Backbone network

Hard-wired connectionLogical data flow connection

RSR RCR TSC ERF

ISO

PIS D

PIS C

PIS B

PIS A

NIS D

NIS C

NIS B

NIS A

PPS D

PPS C

PPS B

PPS A

RTSG D

RTSG C

RTSG B

RTSG A

AIS(PAM B)

AIS(PAM A)

SGCS D

SGCS C

SGCS B

SGCS A

SMS B(ICCMS)

SMS A(ICCMS)

SafetyInterface Network

SMS(NIMS)

NIS Y

NIS X

PIS Y

PIS X POCS

PRCS Y

PRCS X

SDCS Y

SDCS X

AIS IPS

Non-safetyInterface Network

PAM-D

SGSC

NSGSC

NSGSC SGSCNSGSC NSGSC

Display such as Information (IPS), Indication (AIS) and Alarm (AIS)

LDP

Field Sensors Field Sensors Ex-Core Detectors MCC NIMS Sensors Ex-Core Detector Field SensorsCEDM

MCPMCC MCC

Non-SafetyBackbone Network

SafetyShutdownControlPanel

Main Control Panel

Auxiliary Control Panel

AISCEDM ERFICCMSIPSMCCMCPMCRNISNSGSCPAM -DPIS POCS PPSPRCSRCRRSRSCOPS SDCSSGCSSGSCSMSSSTSC

: Alarm and Indication System: Control Element Drive Mechanism: Emergency Response Facility: Inadequate Core Cooling Monitoring System: Information Processing System: Motor Control Center: Main Coolant Pump: Main Control Room: Nuclear Instrumentation System: Non -Safety Grade Soft Controller: PAM Display: Process Instrumentation System: POwer Control System: Plant Protection System: PRocess Control System: Rad waste Control Room: Remote Shutdown Room: SMART COre Protection System : SeconDary Control System: Safety Grade Control System: Safety Grade Soft Controller: Specific Monitoring System: Sub -network Switch: Technical Support Center

Safety A channelSafety B channelSafety C channelSafety D channel

Non-Safety X channelNon-Safety Y channel

Safety Interface network

Non-Safety Interface networkNon-Safety Backbone network

Hard-wired connectionLogical data flow connection

RSR RCR TSC ERF

ISO

PIS D

PIS C

PIS B

PIS A

NIS D

NIS C

NIS B

NIS A

PPS D

PPS C

PPS B

PPS A

RTSG D

RTSG C

RTSG B

RTSG A

AIS(PAM B)

AIS(PAM A)

SGCS D

SGCS C

SGCS B

SGCS A

SMS B(ICCMS)

SMS A(ICCMS)

SafetyInterface Network

SMS(NIMS)

NIS Y

NIS X

PIS Y

PIS X POCS

PRCS Y

PRCS X

SDCS Y

SDCS X

AIS IPS

Non-safetyInterface Network

PAM-D

SGSC

NSGSC

NSGSC SGSCNSGSC NSGSC

Display such as Information (IPS), Indication (AIS) and Alarm (AIS)

LDP

Field Sensors Field Sensors Ex-Core Detectors MCC NIMS Sensors Ex-Core Detector Field SensorsCEDM

MCPMCC MCC

Non-SafetyBackbone Network

SafetyShutdownControlPanel

Main Control Panel

Auxiliary Control Panel

AISCEDM ERFICCMSIPSMCCMCPMCRNISNSGSCPAM -DPIS POCS PPSPRCSRCRRSRSCOPS SDCSSGCSSGSCSMSSSTSC

: Alarm and Indication System: Control Element Drive Mechanism: Emergency Response Facility: Inadequate Core Cooling Monitoring System: Information Processing System: Motor Control Center: Main Coolant Pump: Main Control Room: Nuclear Instrumentation System: Non -Safety Grade Soft Controller: PAM Display: Process Instrumentation System: POwer Control System: Plant Protection System: PRocess Control System: Rad waste Control Room: Remote Shutdown Room: SMART COre Protection System : SeconDary Control System: Safety Grade Control System: Safety Grade Soft Controller: Specific Monitoring System: Sub -network Switch: Technical Support Center


BOP Development Overview

Common Mat DesignStructural Integrity Design

Structural Design of Nuclear Island

Shielding DesignZoning of the Building

Radiation Protection

Bldg. Seismic AnalysesSite Characteristic

SeismicAnalyses

Containment Spray SystemHydrogen Control System

BOP Safety System

Containment Bldg.Auxiliary Bldg.TG Bldg.Compound Bldg.

General Arrangement


Balance of Plant

Schematic Diagram of the Secondary System

General Arrangement Reactor Bldg & Aux/Compound/EDG Bldg

EDG Bldg

Composite Bldg

Aux. BldgTBN Bldg

Containment


Electric System 100% x 2 Emergency DG & Alternate AC Power (Water-tight Bldg) Emergency Battery to Vital Systems for 10 hrs

Containment Building Passive Auto-catalytic Hydrogen Recombiners (12) Containment Spray System (2 Trains)

Water source from Sump integrated IRWST Containment Isolation System Aircraft Impact Proof

Auxiliary Building Quadrant Wrap-around Fuel Storage Inside Aircraft Impact Proof Single Base-mat with Containment

(Seismically Resistant)

EDG Bldg

Composite Bldg

Aux. BldgTBN Bldg

Containment

Balance of Plant


Structural Design of Nuclear Island Common mat for Reactor Containment Building and

Auxiliary Building

Reactor Containment Building Pre-stressed concrete structure Unbonded post tensioning system with 2 buttress Lined with carbon steel plate Provides enough ultimate pressure capacity Maintains structural integrity of cavity in

severe accident

Auxiliary Building Shear wall concrete structure system

Balance of Plant


Contents

Features of SMART


The Safety of SMART



SMART Development _ Chronicle

ConceptualDesign

(‘97.07 ~ ‘99.03)

NSSS & Desalination Concept (330 MWt)

Fundamental T/H Experiment

Mock-up Fabrication

NSSS Basic Design(’99.04 ~ ‘02.03)

NSSS Design (330 MWt) Design Methodology

& Computer Codes Preliminary Safety

Analysis Desalination System

SMART-PDevelopment

(‘02.07 ~ ’06.02)

65 MWt Detailed Design

Including Fuel , BOP Tech. Verification

Tests Safety Analysis

Pre-Project Service for SMART

(‘06.07 ~ ’07.06)

330 MWt, 660 MWtSystem Optimization Economic Feasibility

Study

Standard Design Approval

(’09.01 ~ ’11.12)

330 MWtStandard Design Separate/Integral

Effect & Performance Tests Design Methodology

and Codes Validation To Obtain SDA


Development Path

SDAConstruction

Verification

Mockup Tests S/G, RCP, CRDM, etc.

Separate Effect Tests for TransientsDigital Safety System Verification TestsIntegral T/H Verification Tests

Fuel Development & Test

LicenseStandard Design

SSAR, CDM, ITAAC, etc

0 10 20 30 40 500.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

Blockage Center Line (18.75 in)

Measured COBRA (Uniform Axial Noding) MATRA (Nonuniform Axial Noding)

Norm

alize

d Axia

l Velo

city

U block

ed/U

bund

le

Axial Location from Rod Bundle Inlet (in) 1k 10k 100k1k

10k

100k

-40%

+40%

Henry and Fauske Model

Pred

icted

Criti

cal M

ass F

lux [k

g/m2 s]

Measured Critical Mass Flux [kg/m2s]

KAERI (w/o NC) KAERI (with NC) Celata et al. (w/o NC) Celata et al. (with NC)

Topical Report for Licensing ApprovalSystem Design and Analysis Methodology, Fuel Design

Technology

More than 4,000 design & Licensing Documents

Improvement/ Applicability Evaluation

SMART-330 NSSS Basic Design SMART Basic Design

Small Scale Component Tests

Separate Effect TestsMMIS Essential Tech. Verification TestsSmall Scale Hi Temp. & Pres. Tests

Desig

n &

Li

cens

ing

S/G, RCP, CRDM, etc.

Computer Program Development

Reactor Design Methodology

Hard

ware

Verif

icatio

nTe

sts

Meth

odol

ogy


Partnership for the SMART Project

KAERI KEPCO Consortium

KEPCO Consortium

Project Management, Funding, Marketing Leads the feasibility study on the construction of a FOAKE plant site survey, social acceptance, economics, etc


Project Organization

GovernmentGovernment

KAERIKAERI

Standard DesignStandard DesignTechnology ValidationTechnology Validation

NSSS DesignNSSS Design

Fuel DesignFuel

DesignBOP

DesignBOP

Design

KEPCO ConsortiumKEPCO Consortium

Project Manage.Project Manage.

Comp. DesignComp. Design

Technology Validation : $60M Standard Design : $85M


Project Milestone – Technology Validation & Standard Design Approval

Standard Design, Licensing Q&A

2009 2010 2011 2012~17

LicensingSupport

Key Safety & Performance Validation

SSAR, CDM, EOG

SDA ApplicationPre-Application

TechnologyValidation

StandardDesign

Licensing

Standard Design Approval

FOAKE PlantConstruction Plan Preparation Underway

Separate Effect TestsDesign Tools & Methods

Regulatory Review

Pre-Application Review

Integral Effect Tests (VISTA)

SMART- ITLIntegral System Confirmation Tests

Construction


Current Status

Technology Validation 20 separate effect tests completed

Integral effect tests : small scale SBLOCA tests completed

Standard Design CDM, SSAR , EOG and related documents are submitted

for the application of Standard Design Approval

Licensing process is underway by Korean regulatory body


Licensing Milestone toward SDA

Pre-Application Review by KINS (in 2010) Application of Standard Design Approval (Dec. 30, 2010) Submits CDM, SSAR, EOG and related documents

Submits 22 Technical Reports

Document Conformance Evaluation (Feb. 2011) 190 comments demanding supplementary / additional materials

1st Round Questionnaire (April 25, 2011) 932 questionnaires received

2nd Round Questionnaire (July 25, 2011)

( ? ) questionnaires and pending issues

Nuclear Safety Committee Review : Nov. 2011

(goal) Standard Design Approval : Dec. 30. 2011


Contents

Features of SMART


The Safety of SMART



SMART, a Proven Technology

SMART basically adopts Proven Technologies of Existing PWR

SMART-specific Technologies are being fully Validated Experimental Validation of SMART-specific Design Performance

and Safety Total of 22 Validation Experiments were Selected based on

− PIRT (Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table)− Experts Opinions from Regulation, Industries, Institutes

and Universities Experimental Validation envelop Fuel/Core, TH/Safety,

Mechanics/Components and Digital I&C Software Validation of Key Design Tools and Methods

Core Physics, Core Thermal-Hydraulics, Safety Analysis, ….


Technology Validation Tasks

Technology ValidationTechnology Validation StandardDesign

StandardDesign

Safety Tests Performance Tests Core SET• Freon CHF•Water CHF

Safety SET• Safety Injection•Helical SG Heat Transfer•Condensation HX Heat

Transfer Integral Effect Tests• VISTA SBLOCA• SMART-ITL

Core SET• Freon CHF•Water CHF

Safety SET• Safety Injection•Helical SG Heat Transfer•Condensation HX Heat

Transfer Integral Effect Tests• VISTA SBLOCA• SMART-ITL

Digital MMIS•Control Unit Platform•Communication Switch• Integral Safety System

Digital MMIS•Control Unit Platform•Communication Switch• Integral Safety System

Fuel Assembly•Out-of-Pile Mech./Hydr.

RPV TH•RPV Flow Distribution• Flow Mixing Header Ass.• Integral Steam PZR• PZR Level Measurement

Components•RCP Hydrodynamics•RPV Internals Dynamics• SG Tube Irradiation•Helical SG ISI• In-core Instrumentation

Fuel Assembly•Out-of-Pile Mech./Hydr.

RPV TH•RPV Flow Distribution• Flow Mixing Header Ass.• Integral Steam PZR• PZR Level Measurement

Components•RCP Hydrodynamics•RPV Internals Dynamics• SG Tube Irradiation•Helical SG ISI• In-core Instrumentation

Code Devel/V&V• Safety: TASS/SMR-S•Core TH: MATRA-S•Core Protec./Monitor.

Design Methodology•DNBR Analysis•Accident Analysis

(SBLOCA, LOFA, …) • Integral Rx Dynamics

Code Devel/V&V• Safety: TASS/SMR-S•Core TH: MATRA-S•Core Protec./Monitor.

Design Methodology•DNBR Analysis•Accident Analysis

(SBLOCA, LOFA, …) • Integral Rx Dynamics

Tools & Methods

V&VV&V

Technical ReportsTechnical Reports

Digital MMIS•MMI Human Interface•Control Room FSDM

Digital MMIS•MMI Human Interface•Control Room FSDM

StandardSAR

StandardSAR

Standard Design ApprovalStandard Design ApprovalStandard Design ApprovalStandard Design Approval

Des

ign

Dat

a

Digital MMIS Safety SystemDigital MMIS Control Room


Core Damage Factor Goal (Internal Event) less than 10-6 / RY

Containment Failure Factor Goal less than 10-7 /RY

Operator Action Spare Time at least 30 min.

Capacity for Station Black-Out minimum 8 hours

Severe Accident Mitigation Design

Earthquake Design 0.3g

Safety Goal of SMART


Safety Systems of SMART

Passive Residual Heat Removal System (4 trains) Safety Injection System (4 trains) Shutdown Cooling System (2 trains) Containment Spray System Diesel Generator Alternate AC Hydrogen Control

Passive auto-catalyst recombiner

Counter Measure – Severe AccidentLarge inventory of reactor coolantLarge containment volume


Evaluation for Station Blackout

SMART Safety is secured against Station Blackout 2 x Water-tight EDG and AAC insures Emergency Power Supply If EDG/AAC fails, Fully Passive (No Electricity) PRHRS insures

Safe Shutdown (PRHRS Heat Sink can be Replenished) Even with Incredible EDG/AAC+PRHRS failure, Sufficient Grace

Time* is insured for Operator’s Mitigation Actions : Probability of Event Occurrence for multiple failures of EDG/AAC+PRHRS = ~ 10-10/RY

PAR passively removes Hydrogen in Containment, if any

* Grace Time is defined as the Time allowed for Operator’s Action before Core Damage** No Replenishment of PRHRS Heat Sink Assumed

Scenario EDG/AAC PRHRS Grace Time*

1 Yes All 4 Trains -2 No All 4 Trains 20 Days**3 No 2 Trains 10 Days**4 No No 2.6 Days


Contents

Features of SMART


The Safety of SMART



Perspectives of SMART

SMART-SDA Project Certified SMART Design will be available by 2012 for commercial

deployment

SMART is a Viable Option for Early Deployment of SMR Enhanced safety and operability by advanced design features Economic feasibility Flexible applications for both electricity and heat supply Low licensing risks by use of proven and fully validated technologies KEPCO consortium with wide NPP experiences strengthens the viability

of SMART

SMART Technology Innovation will continue Aircraft Crash : Underground Containment Multi-Unit Modularization Full Passive Safety Systems : Primary System


Perspectives of SMART

Footprint 300 x 300 m for Electricity System 200 x 300 m for Desalination System

SMART Construction Period 3 years

Target Economics Construction Cost

: $5,800/kWe Levelized Generation Cost

: ~ 6.1￠/kWh


Design TeamTechnology ProviderKAERI/KEPCOE&C/KEPCONF/DOOSAN

KEPCO ConsortiumProject ManagementMarketing, FinancingBrand Power

SMART Team will contribute to the Smarter World

Total Solution Provider


Thanks for your attention !