SMART LIGHTING SYSTEMS TARIK BOROGOVAC, PHD BOSTON UNIVERSITY NSF SMART LIGHTING ERC CEEBEL CONFERENCE

NOV. 28, 2011

KATRINEHOLM SWEDEN

IN THE BEGINNING…

LIGHTING AND HUMAN LIFE

Productivity

Art Entertainment

Automation

Light sculpture, light installation

Light show, stage lighting

Computer vision, color deconvolution, contrast

enhancement, bioimaging

Task, workspace lighting

www.extravaganzaproductions.com/photogallery/images/still22.jpg

electronicproducts.com/images2/famk_medicalLEDs02_Dec2010.gif

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Health

Circadian disruption, shift workers,

Seasonal Affective Disorder

http://www.123rf.com/photo_263413_tired-and-weary-overworked-shiftworker.html

www.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/main/shared/assets/images/applications/industry/IMG_3329_300x175.jpg

Energy

38% commercial bldg energy due to lighting

www.lightingtaxdeduction.org/images/img03_a.PNG

LIGHTING IS A DRIVER FOR GDP

Tsao et al. “Solid-state lighting: an energy-economics perspective” 2010 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43 354001

β=0.0072 [β/(1+κφ)]=0.0054

HOW DOES THAT WORK?

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$ Productivity

GDP New Light

Hazards (fire risk, pollution)

x,y,z,t

Controllability

X ?

Light X ? X ?

LED PROGRESS

Haitz’s Law: “every decade, the cost per lumen falls by a factor of 10, the amount of light generated increases by a factor of 20, for a given λ.“

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COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL SOURCES

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May 2011, Cree: 231 lm/W efficiency @ 350mA in the lab

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FIRST WAVE: REPLACEMENT

Philips L-Prize winner: 90 lm/W equivalent to 60 W.

Energy benefits

• 22% of electricity used for lighting

• LED lighting can be 20× and 5× more efficient than incandescent and

fluorescent lighting, respectively

• Reduction in energy consumption > 1020J (*)

• Barrels of crude oil not needed: 0.96 ×109 (*)

• Power plants not needed: 280 (*)

Environmental benefits

• Global warming: Reduction of CO2 emissions > 10 Gt (*)

• Acid rain: Reduction of SO2 emissions

• Mercury, Hg: Reduction of toxic Hg emissions / Hg in homes

Financial and economic benefits

• Reduction in electrical energy cost > 1012 $ (*) (*) over 10 years, worldwide, see Schubert et al. Reports on Progress in Physics 69, 3069 (2006)

BENEFITS OF REPLACEMENT

10 Switzerland

CO2 ,SO2, NOx, Hg, U Cause: CO2

Czech Republic

Cause: SO2

Antarctica United States

Cause: Waste heat and acid rain

LEDS IN BULBS ARE CRAZY

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Bulb Solution LED

Short life Socket Long life

Omni-directional Reflector, shades Directed

Glare Diffuser plate or point away

Smaller source Spread apart

Ugly Decorative fixture Hidden by the light

Single color No solution Mix and match

Uneven coverage Multiple fixtures Many LEDs

INSTEAD

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Philips Arrtificial window concept

Sources Sensors

Control Systems

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• RGBY • Color controllable • Dimmable • Rapidly Switchable • Distributed

• Light & Color • Occupancy • Biohazard • Energy harvesting • Low cost

DNA OF SMART LIGHTING SYSTEMS

• Communications • Algorithms • Interfaces

Other Smart Grid

Control IP Net

Color/Intensity Sensors Smart phones

RGBY Luminaire 802.3 (wired) network

RGBY Controller

Router and WiFi

Control and Data Server

Control Function

(B)

(D)

SMART LIGHTING VISION

USE CASE: COLOR CONTROL

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• Enhance visual performance: visibility, color rendering, aesthetics, mood • Adjust circadian rhythm for better health, sleep, etc. • Energy efficiency.

USE CASE: PERSONALIZED CONTEXT-ADAPTIVE LIGHT

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Adjust light for: • Personal preference • Time of day / season

•Task •Location

•Presence of sunlight •Jetlag

• Turning off unused lights

• Grid access for load control

• “Internet of things”

USE CASE: EFFICIENCY AND LOAD CONTROL

Internet & Grid

USE CASE: SECURITY

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Detect: • Intruders • Fire & Smoke • Biohazards

Take action: • Emergency lights • Illuminate exits • Alert Emergency Services

• Indoor GPS: Where am I? • Location based services: directions, advertising. • Asset tracking and logistics • Data collection for industrial and retail analytics

USE CASE: INDOOR LOCALIZATION

• High Data Density

• Free spectrum

• Not affected by RF-noise

• Secure

• Ubiquitous

• Mitigates RF health concerns

USE CASE: INDOOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

USE CASE: VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS

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Cisco Forecasted Mobile Data Traffic Source: Cisco VNI Mobile, 2011

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TRENDS IN DATA CONSUMPTION

Applications Devices

DATA DENSITY

Internet & Grid

• Light • Data • Localized

• Light • Data • Localized

• Light • Data • Localized

• Light • Data • Localized

• Light • Data • Localized

Wired Interconnect AP1 AP2 AP3

Network

Router and WiFi Access Point

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Strategy: Use WiFi, but offload traffic to VLC luminaires for the downlink only

HOW VLC HELPS (COOPERATIVE)

Augmenting indoor spaces with VLC access can significantly improve performance of existing wireless (WiFi) channels

5 Mb/s 5 Mb/s

15 Mb/s

Luminaires

WiFi peaks at 8 Mb/s Plus one luminaire (12 Mb/s)

Scalability via multiple luminaires

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COOPERATIVE ANALYSIS

Rahaim et al. A Hybrid Radio Frequency and Broadcast Visible Light Communication System, GLOBECOM 11

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Latency increases with users

Nice scaling with added users

CORRESPONDING DELAY ANALYSIS

Hybrid Spot and Uniform: • High datarate “white hot spots” on desktops • Lower datarate density “room size cell” &

energy savings elsewhere. • User can see where to find the good signal

SPOTLIGHTING AND UNIFORM LIGHTING VLC

T. Borogovac, M. Rahaim and J. B. Carruthers, “Spotlighting for Visible Light Communications and Illumination,” Proc. 1st IEEE Workshop on Optical Wireless Comms. GLOBECOM, 2010

Spotlights Uniform Lights

Datarate 200+ Mb/s ~100 Mb/s

Datarate Density 200+ Mb/s/m2 ~4 Mb/s/m2

Multipath spread .2 ns 2 ns

Area Coverage 17% 100%

Data capacity and lighting coverage: spotlights vs. uniform lights:

VLC WITH THE “LIGHTS OFF”

Sunlight

Candlelight

Starlight

Starlight

Borogovac et al."Lights Off" visible light communications. GLOBECOM, 2011.

Hand-off ensures constant connectivity and seamless support for mobile devices.

HAND-OFF FOR MOBILITY

A. M. Vegni and T. D. C. Little, “Achieving Seamless Connectivity in Visible Light Communications” (2011)

• Radio-based indoor localization is difficult

• VLC enables “indoor GPS” via Triangulation or TOF.

• Localization by room straightforward for VLC

• Fine-grain (<1 cm) localization using multiple VLC sources

INDOOR LOCALIZATION

G. Prince, T.D.C. Litle, “Survey of Indoor Localization Techniques Applicable to the Visible Spectrum,” MCL Technical Report No. 03-02-2011, Mar. 2011.

• A.M. Vegni and T.D.C. Little, 7th IEEE Int. Symp. on Comm. Syst., Networks and DSP, 2010. • Ganick, M. Figueroa, J. Lobo, P. Schimitsch, T. Rich, and T.D.C. Little, MobiSys 2010, demo and poster. • A. Agarwal and T.D.C. Little,. Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2010. • A. Agarwal and T.D.C. Little, IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference, 2009. • A.M. Vegni, C. Vegni, and T.D.C. Little, Fully Networked Car Workshop, Geneva International Motor Show (2010).

VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS

TrAfflack: Automotive VLC transceiver and “smart car” module

2Mbps, duplex, asymmetric, Integrated,

hybrid, mobile IP

2008 2009 2010 2011

56kbps, simplex, COTS

56kbps, duplex, COTS

2Mbps, duplex,

HB LEDS

2Mbps, duplex,

HB LEDS

IP-enabled

VLC TESTBED EFFORTS

VLC ROADMAP

2011 2012 2013 2014

Specs

Systems

10-100Mb/s Wide Coverage Outdoor comms Handoff Multiple access Screw in or plug in

100-500Mb/s Array-based Multi-color MIMO Cooperative

>500Mb/s Imaging Tracking Focusing Beamforming

•Car safety •Airplane cabin •Desktop

•3D HD video stream •Wireless streetlight mesh network

10Mbps, duplex, asymmetric, Integrated, hybrid

•Smart rooms •Smart grid •Indoor GPS

BACK TO THE BEGINNING…

The Sky Factory

• Replicates Daylight

• Intense enough to give bright light

• Efficient enough to save energy

• Fast enough to communicate data

• Adaptive to ambient lighting requirements

• Affordable

SMART LIGHTING CENTER

Thank You!

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Core Partners

Outreach Partners

International Partners

Tsao et al. “Solid-state lighting: an energy-economics perspective” 2010 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43 354001

WHAT ARE WE REALLY USING?

Limited Controllability Limited Efficiency

Conventional Lighting:

Efficient

First Wave LED Lighting:

Smart Lighting Systems:

Adaptive

Personalized Data Modulated

Therapeutic

Safety Integrated

SECOND WAVE: SMART LIGHTING SYSTEMS

Energy Efficient Lighting Systems

Lighting Systems interfaced to external grid & building systems

Health Comfort

Information Productivity

Therapeutic Lighting

The Right Light where you want it

Lighting and Data at the same

time

Adaptive Lighting Systems

SECOND WAVE: SMART LIGHTING SYSTEMS

Controllability is the enabler for Smart Lighting

CONTROLLABILITY

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