smart grid overview for rlc 1 26-12 rh
DESCRIPTION
at talk to students at Rachel Carson Middle School in Beaverton, Oregon about the Smart Grid. Prepared by Roger Hicks from Smart Grid OregonTRANSCRIPT
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What Is the Smart Grid and Why Should We
Care?By: Roger Hicks
For: Rachel Carson Middle SchoolJanuary 26, 2012
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What is Electric Power?
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What Does Electric Power Look Like?
Voltage Level (volts) X Current Flow (amps) = Power (watts)
Alternating Power Waveform
1/60th of a second per cycle = 60 Hz
A spinning electric generator outputs a waveform like this
If the generator stops spinning the current stops flowing and the lights go out.!
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What is the GRID?
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The National Electric Power Grid
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What Are The Parts Of The Electric Power Grid?
Power Generation Plants (power plants)
Transmission Networks (wires)
Distribution System (wires, transformers, switches)
Consumption and Monitoring(loads)
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Power Generation - Central
Easy to Schedule
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Power Generation - Distributed
Solar
Wind
Hard to Schedule
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Power Transmission
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The 100 yr old Electric Power Grid Will Soon Go Through a Rapid Evolution
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Power Distribution
Sub-Station TransformerNeighborhood
Transformer
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At The Home
Watt-Hour Meter
Load Center(Breaker Box)
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Loads
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Home Energy Information Display(Future?)
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TransmissionSubstation
DistributionUltimate Customers
of Electricity
History – last 100 years +History – last 100 years +
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What are the Grid
Problems?
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Hard To Remotely Detect Faults
A power company may not know a line is down until someone calls them about a power outage
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We Have To Build New Capacity To Meet Increasing Demand
The Cost per Watt of Power for New Generation is Getting More Expensive All The Time
The Output To Meet New Demand Has More Than Doubled in Less Than 20 Yrs
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Unused Capacity is a Waste of Money
We spend money on a system that big enough to handle the total load -which does not happen all the time.
capacity
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Peak Loads Are Rare And The Cost of That Peak Power Source is Expensive
Because we want our power to always be on we pay a high price for meeting peak demand just a few hours per year
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New Loads Are Going to Impact The Stability of The Electric Grid
If there are a lot of plug-in electric cars and everyone plugs in at the same time (evening) to charge up the grid could be overloaded.
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Cannot Easily Store Electricity For Later Use
Have to back up renewable wind and solar power with other sources which may be hard to secure.
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We Don’t Know Our Personal Fuel Mix
Users have no information to tell them the mix of fuels being used for the electricity they are using when they use it.
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No Transparency of Real Electric Costs or Shifting of Load Based on
Price IncentivesWould people use energy differently if they were charged what it really cost in real time?
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How Will The Grid Becomes Smarter
EPRI – The Green Grid
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A Smarter Grid Will….• Make it easier for people to get information about
the electricity they use so they can make better choices about how they want to consume energy.
• Make it easier for power providers to know about the health of the grid and take actions to make it more reliable and efficient.
• Make it easier to fully integrate the intermittent power production from distributed renewable generation sources.
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Smart Grid Things to Work On
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It’s Time to Think Different
• While the Smart Grid will utilize the latest technology to achieve its goals, it is not just about technology.
• Implementation of the Smart Grid will require a complete rethinking of the public policy, utility business models, business processes and consumer behavior.
• This is a real paradigm shift!
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Thank You
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Extra
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Why All This Interest In Energy?• Electricity is one of the largest and most capital-intensive sectors of the
economy. – Total asset value is estimated to exceed $800 billion, with approximately 60% invested in power
plants, 30% in distribution facilities, and 10% in transmission facilities.
• Annual electric revenues – the Nation’s “electric bill” – are about $247 billion– Paid by America’s 131 million electricity customers, which includes nearly every business and
household.– There are more than 3,100 electric utilities and additionally, there are nearly 2,100 non-utility power
producers, including both independent power companies and customer-owned distributed energy facilities.
• “The grid of the future will require $165 billion over the next 20 years” - EPRI– The benefits to society will be $638 to 802 billion. The cost-benefit is 4 to 1.
• There are a lot of risks we face by staying on the current path.– Uncertain access to fuel resources – cost may go out of control– Increasing harm to the atmosphere – global warming may change the planet– Unpredictable power outages – cascading grid failures disrupt commerce– Poor utilization of economic capital – unnecessary cost increases for energy users
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What is the Smart Grid?• According to US Department of Energy (DOE):
–Smart Grid is the term used for an electricity delivery system that is integrated with modern digital and information technology to provide improved reliability, security, efficiency and ultimately lower cost to the user.
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What is the Smart Grid?• According the Federal Energy Regulation Commission (FERC)
– “The Smart Grid means a lot of things, but for us, the Smart Grid means a more efficient transmission system that can reduce emissions and increase reliability,” FERC Commissioner Philip Moeller said. “For example, by minimizing line losses, Smart Grid technologies will allow generators to produce less energy and less pollution, while delivering the same amount of electricity to customers.”
• According to Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)– The term Smart Grid may be best understood as the overlaying of a
unified communications and control system on the existing power delivery infrastructure to provide the right information to the right entity (e.g. end-use devices, T&D system controls, customers, etc.) at the right time to take the right action.
– It is a system that optimizes power supply and delivery, minimizes losses, is self-healing, and enables next-generation energy efficiency and demand response applications.
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Goals and Characteristics, Which Together Characterize a Smart Grid
From: FERC – Smart Grid Policy, March 2009
• Integration of “smart” appliances and consumer devices.• Deployment and integration of advanced electricity storage and peak-
shaving technologies, including plug-in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, and thermal storage air conditioning.
• Provision to consumers of timely information and control options.• Development of standards for communication and interoperability of
appliances and equipment connected to the electric grid, including the infrastructure serving the grid.
• Identification and lowering of unreasonable or unnecessary barriers to adoption of smart grid technologies, practices, and services.
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Goals and Characteristics, Which Together Characterize a Smart Grid
From: FERC – Smart Grid Policy, March 2009
• Increased use of digital information and controls technology to improve reliability, security, and efficiency of the electric grid.
• Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full cyber-security.
• Deployment and integration of distributed resources and generation, including renewable resources.
• Development and incorporation of demand response, demand-side resources, and energy efficiency resources.
• Deployment of “smart” technologies (real-time, automated, interactive technologies that optimize the physical operation of appliances and consumer devices) for metering, communications concerning grid operations and status, and distribution automation.
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Smart Grid Knowledge Domains
Smart Grid
AMI
DR
HAN DG
EV
T&D
RPS
C&T
FERCTOU
EMS
REP
Renewable portfolio standard
Cap and Trade
Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission
Time of Use Rates
Renewable Energy
Payments
Energy Management
Systems
Advanced Metering
Infrastructure
Demand Response
Distributed Generation
Electric Vehicles
Home Area Networks
Transmission and
Distribution
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Source: NETL – A Systems View of the Modern Grid – Spring 2009Visit our website at www.netl.doe.gov/moderngrid/ to find out how you canbecome more involved in this national effort to modernize the grid.
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Smart Grid Ingredients
Capgemini
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The Vision of the Smart Grid
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What Are The Utilities Doing?
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From Grid 2030 report by US DOE 2003
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Benefits of the Smart Grid
• Summary of Energy-Savings & Carbon-Reduction Mechanisms Enabled by a Smart Grid
EPRI – The Green Grid
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Copyright © 2009 EnerNex Corporation. All rights reserved
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Communications Will Change
Smart Grid Standards Assessment andRecommendations for Adoption and
Development, February 2009Copyright © 2009 EnerNex Corporation. All rights reserved.