smart grid challenge
TRANSCRIPT
Name: Abhishek KumarRoll no: 13A51A02E9
TOPIC:SMART GRID and its challenges
(An Autonomous institute)
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Aditya Institute of Technology And Management Approved by AICTE , Permanently Affiliated to
JNTU ,Kakinada
What is Smart grid?A smart grid puts information and communication technology into electricity generation, delivery, and consumption, making systems cleaner, safer, and more reliable and efficient. U.S. Department of Energy Definition:A smart grid integrates advanced sensing technologies, control methods, and integrated communications into the current electricity grid.
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Some Smart Grid Definitions “An automated, widely distributed energy delivery network
characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances.”
“A smart grid is the electricity delivery system (from point of generation to point of consumption) integrated with communications and information technology”
A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analog or digital information and communications technology to gather and act on information - such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers - in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid.
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Aspects of Smart grid Reliability Efficiency Load adjustment/Load balancing leveling and time of use pricing Sustainability Market-enabling Demand response support Prevent Power Theft Self-Healing Network Islanding Two way flow of power and data
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Characteristic Today’s Grid Smart Grid
Enables active participationby consumers
Consumers are uninformed andnon-participative with power system
Informed, involved, and activeconsumers - demand response andDistributed energy resources.
Accommodates all generationand storage options
Dominated by central generation- manyobstacles exist for distributed energyresources interconnection
Many distributed energy resourceswith plug-and-play convenience focuson renewables
Enables new products, servicesand markets
Limited wholesale markets, not wellintegrated - limited opportunities forconsumers
Mature, well-integrated wholesalemarkets, growth of new electricitymarkets for consumers
Provides power quality for thedigital economy
Focus on outages - slow response to powerquality issues
Power quality is a priority with a varietyof quality/price options - rapid resolutionof issues
Characteristic Today’s Grid Smart Grid
Optimizes assets & operates efficiently
Little integration of operational data withasset management - business process
Greatly expanded data acquisition ofgrid parameters - focus on prevention,minimizing impact to consumers
Anticipates and responds to systemdisturbances (self-heals)
Responds to prevent further damage- focusis on protecting assets following fault
Automatically detects and respondsto problems - focus on prevention,minimizing impact to consumer
Operates resiliently against attackand natural disaster
Vulnerable to malicious acts of terror andnatural disasters
Resilient to attack and natural disasterswith rapid restoration capabilities
The Evolving Grid Concept
Before Smart Grid:One-way power flow, simple interactions
After Smart Grid:Two-way power flow, multi-stakeholder interactions
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Smart Grid Applications 8
Distributed Generation and Alternate Energy Sources
Self-Healing Wide-Area Protection and Islanding
Asset Management and On-Line Equipment Monitoring
Demand Response and Dynamic Pricing
Participation in Energy Markets
Shared Information – Continuously Optimizing – Intelligent Responses!
Real-time Simulation
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Design
Trading Mechanism Buy/sell electricity
Overload Prevention Mechanism Transmission charge
Online Balancing Mechanism Price for extra demand and supply in real-time
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Diverse Energy Sources10
http://powerelectronics.com/power_systems/smart-grid-success-rely-system-solutions-20091001/
Wind
Solar
Nuclear
Fossil
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
CHARACTERISTICS OF SMART GRID
Intelligent – capable of sensing system overloads and rerouting power Efficient – capable of meeting increased consumer demand without adding
infrastructure Accommodating – accepting energy from virtually any fuel source including
Solar and wind as easily and transparently as coal and natural gas Motivating – enabling real-time communication between the consumer and utility Opportunistic – creating new opportunities and markets Resilient – increasingly resistant to attack and natural disasters “Green” – slowing the advance of global climate change and offering a genuine
path toward significant environmental improvement
Smart-grids for India Has to do much more than what is done elsewhere
Smart-grids in India is to be used to Enable decentralized power-generation and optimize usage Explore alternate methods of storage, including storage of heat (cool) Handle peak-demand better Manage demand and supply to meet creatively at all points of time, by using storage
and high-cost instantaneous power-sources At local level At neighborhood level At district level, at state level, at national level
Intelligently decide where to do load shedding if no other options enable time of day metering with remote monitoring
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Integrated Communications and Security
High-speed, fully integrated, two-way communication technologies that make the smart grid a dynamic, interactive “mega-infrastructure” for real-time information and power exchange.
Cyber Security: the new communication mechanism should consider security, reliability, QoS.
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Smart Grid Benefits
Economic Development New Jobs: The manufacture, installation, operation and
maintenance of the smart grid and its components will create new jobs within the state.
Innovation: Smart grid innovation will enable the growth of business while rewarding customers with valuable new products.
Lower Costs: Costs rise over time and energy is no exception, but the smart grid should provide less costly energy than otherwise would be possible. As such, it will save customers money which can be invested or consumed as they choose.
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Smart Grid Benefits-cont Customer Satisfaction
Higher Customer Satisfaction: The combination of lower costs, improved reliability and better customer control will raise satisfaction among all types of customers (residential, commercial, industrial, institutional).
Improved Reliability: Smart grid will reduce and shorten outages and improve the quality of power.
Customer Energy/Cost Savings: As pricing becomes more transparent and is aligned with the underlying economics of generation and distribution, customers’ decisions to save money will benefit society as well
Highest Security: Security will be incorporated into the design of the smart grid and will require the implementation of practices and procedures by individual stakeholders. In this way, the physical and cyber security risks can be managed to the highest standards possible.
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
SMART GRID BENEFITS
A Smart Grid will: Enable consumers to manage their own energy consumption through dashboards
and electronic energy advisories. Broadcast demand-response alerts to lower peak energy demand A Smart Grid will encourage home and building owners Ex: The introduction of EVs to act as temporary electricity storage devices, Utility companies can implement smart electric meters Underground transmission and distribution lines can control the meter theft
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
CHALLENGES FACING BY SMART GRID
Present Infrastructure is inadequate Most renewable resources are not constant Regulatory Policies to deal with consequences of Smart
Grid; like off peak, peak tariffs and other related matters. Grid Operation : Monitoring & control
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Key Challenges Government Support – funding and to ensure development National Road Map adopted and must implementation Access of financial resources particularly due to poor financial
health of the power utilities Lack of Policy and Regulation related to Smart Grid applications
No proven commercial viability of large scale smart grid implementation – Cost and benefit assessment (Most of the initiatives are pilots)
Development of Smart Grid Standards including pilot models that can be adopted by discoms based on their level of maturity to handle such applications
Ability of users to absorb implementation of advanced technology
Lack of awareness requiring knowledge creation, training and capacity building of both the utility and consumers
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Way Forward
Goals in the National Road Map to be accompanied by implementation structure and mechanisms
Need for coordinated development nationally as well with international bodies
Development of SG Regulations: Optimal regulatory response is of immense importance to make the overall initiative successful and attractive to all parties
Need for creating awareness and acceptance of Smart Grid technologies
Process support to demonstrate commercially viable pilots to demonstrate success and dissemination of such initiatives to other utilities/users
Need to undertake initiatives to encourage indigenous vendor development for reduction of costs and ensure long-term service support
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Risks and Challenges to SmartGrid Concept Implementation
Unknown cost to complete. Total cost may be more than benefits.
AMI works but SmartGrid technologies may be years in development.
Regulatory policy is undefined therefore uncertain.Technical terminology is confusing to non-technical users.The scope of the national SmartGrid project may be too large.The SmartGrid concept is not “universally” accepted in the U.S.Security question of the day: Is one large grid easer to take out
than several small grids? Hacksaw, virus, etc.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali
Conclusion
Smart Grid provides intelligent, advanced power control for the next century
Many new technologies involve for supporting sensing, controlling, human interfaces.
Charging electricity cost is fundamental infrastructure can be implemented similar to stock market in smart grid.
This smart grid technology is new and initial cost is more and we don’t know that Present Infrastructure is adequate or not.
Cyber Security: the new communication mechanism should consider security, reliability, QoS.
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali