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Smart Grid as an Enabler of Intermittent Sources of Electricity

   

IEEE PES/IAS/PELS Chapter Meeting 02 April, 2012

BHEL, Hyderabad, India

DLP Talk by Prof. Saifur Rahman

This  is  the  Electric  Power  Grid  

2 Source: www.sxc.hu

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Changing  Landscape  for  the  Electric  Utility  

Load  Dura)on  Curve    Dominion  Virginia  Power  (2010)  

Peak load of 19,140 MW

Probability that peak loads exceed

16,000 MW is only 5% of the time

3,140 MW or 16.5% of peak load

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 Peak  load  and  its  duration  

 •  In  the  US  20%  of  the  load  happens  5%  of  the  )me    

•  In  Australia  15%  of  the  load  happens  2.5  days  in  a  year  or  less  than  1%  of  the  )me  

•  In  Egypt  15%  of  the  load  happens  1%  of  the  )me      

 Potential  Savings  from    Peak  Load  Reduction  

 US  has  an  installed  genera)on  capacity  of  1,000,000  megawaKs  

 20%  or  200,000  megawaKs  of  genera)on  capacity  and  associated  transmission  and  distribu)on  assets  are  worth  over  300  billion  dollars  

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Impact  of  Peak  Load  

Hourly  Loads  as  Frac)on  of  Peak,  Sorted  from  Highest  to  Lowest  

>25%  of  distribu)on  and  >10%  of  genera)on  assets  are  needed  less  than  5%  of  the  )me  ($100s  of  billions  of  investments)  

Source: US Dept of Energy

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Achieving  Peak  Demand  Reduc)on    Requires  a  Smart  Grid  &  Dynamic  Pricing  

Smart  Grid  Defini)on  •  According  to  United  States  Department  of  Energy’s  modern  

grid  ini)a)ve,  an  intelligent  or  a  smart  grid  integrates  advanced  sensing  technologies,  control  methods  and  integrated  communica)ons  into  the  current  electricity  grid.  

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 Information  flow  in  a  Smart  Grid  

A  smart  grid  will  provide  a  pathway  where  informa)on  about  the  state  of  the  grid  and  its  components  can  be  exchanged  quickly  over  large  distances.  It  will  thus  facilitate  effec)ve  integra)on  of  new  sustainable  energy  sources,  such  as  wind,  solar,  off-­‐shore  electricity,  etc.    

What  Makes  it  Smart?  

Intelligence  Two-­‐way  communica)on  

Real-­‐)me  monitoring  &  control    

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Difference  Between  a  Normal  Grid      And  a  Smart  Grid  

Normal  Phone   Smart  Phone  

Power Plant Transmission

Distribution Home

Business End-use

Appliances

Starting  and  End  Points  of  a  Smart  Grid  

From  Generator  to  Refrigerator  

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Components  of  the  Smart  Grid  

Source: Michael Montoya, SCE, Smart Grid Strategy & Development

SCADA, PMUs,

FACTs, Advanced Conductors

Substation Automation

Advanced Metering, Demand Response and Distributed Resources Distribution Automation

Microgrid

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Merging  Power  Flow  with  Informa)on  Flow:  

   Integrated  Communica)ons  

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Electric  Power  &    Communica)on  Infrastructures  

Central Generating Station Step-Up

Transformer

Distribution Substation Receiving

Station Distribution Substation

Distribution Substation

Commercial

Industrial Commercial

Gas Turbine

Recip Engine

Cogeneration

Recip Engine

Fuel cell

Micro- turbine

Flywheel Residential

Photo voltaics

Batteries

Residential Data Concentrator

Control Center

Data network Users

2. Information Infrastructure

1.Power Infrastructure

Source: EPRI 17

•  The  network  must  be  absolutely  reliable  •  Endpoints  must  be  much  lower  cost  •  Device  hardware  can’t  be  upgraded  oben  •  Can’t  just  ignore  very  rural  customers  •  Need  security  all  the  )me,  not  just  some)mes  

•  Applica)ons  are  s)ll  being  defined  

Physical

- Application

- Network

The  Smart  Grid  is  different  than  the  Internet  

 

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What  can  the  Smart  Grid  do  for  us?    •  Smart  meter  is  just  the  beginning  of  a  smart  grid  

•  Two-­‐way  communica)on  allows  customer  par)cipa)on  

Key: red=electricity, green=gas, blue=water, triangle=trial or pilot, circle=project

Smart  Metering  Projects  Map,  United  States  

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Key: red=electricity, green=gas, blue=water, triangle=trial or pilot, circle=project

Smart  Metering  Projects  Map,  Europe  to  Australia  

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AMR Customer Outage Detection

Automated Meter Reads

Theft ID Remote TFTN

Remote Meter Programming

AMR Capability+

Load Control

Price Signals sent to Customer

New Rate Design

AMI

Smart Grid AMI Capability+

Remote detection – sensors everywhere

Central and distributed analysis

Correction of disturbances on the grid

Optimizes grid assets

Distribution Automation

Leverage data to understand system performance better

“Self Healing”

Enable use of renewable resources

Enable electrification of transportation

Hourly Remote Meter Reads

Customer Voltage Measurement

Source: EnerNex

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U.S.  Smart  Grid  Projects  by  Category  

Advanced  Metering  

Infrastructure    (AMI)  40%  

Customer  Systems  (CS)  4%  

Distribu)on  Systems  (DS)  

7%  

Equipment  Manufacturing  

(EM)  1%  

Integrated/Crosscugng  systems  (IS)  

27%  

Transmission  Systems  (TS)  

5%  

Regional  Demonstra)on  

(RD)    8%  

Storage  Demonstra)on  

(SD)  8%  

AMI: installation of smart meters to allow the use of real-time pricing, demand response, load management, and more. CS: enabling smart grid functions to equipment and/or software applications at the customer level. DS: adding smart grid functions to devices, equipment, and/or software applications in electric distribution systems. EM: production of smart grid equipment, software, or communications and control systems that can enable smart grid functions. IS: adding smart grid functions to multiple portions of the electric system, which include AMI, equipment manufacturing, customer systems, distribution systems and transmission systems. TS: adding smart grid functions to devices, equipment, and/or software applications in electric transmission systems. RD: demonstrating smart grid functions at a regional level. SD: demonstrating grid-scale energy storage systems.

Poten)al  of  the  Smart  Grid  

Source: US DoE

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It helps to manage the peak load It helps to integrate intermittent sources of generation into the electric power grid. Short term load control for a large number of end-use devices makes it possible to get quick load relief to match fluctuations in generation.

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Why  is  the  Smart  Grid  Important?

Hourly  wind  power  varia)on  (MW)    in  Texas,  USA  (01  and  02  Jan  2008)  

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0.0  

500.0  

1,000.0  

1,500.0  

2,000.0  

2,500.0  

1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  

Series1  

0.0  

500.0  

1,000.0  

1,500.0  

2,000.0  

2,500.0  

1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  

Series1  

01 Jan 2008 02 Jan 2008

Installed Capacity 4,541 MW

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Hourly  wind  power  varia)on  (MW)    in  Texas,  USA  (03  and  04  Jan  2008)  

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03 Jan 2008 04 Jan 2008

Installed Capacity 4,541 MW

0.0  

500.0  

1,000.0  

1,500.0  

2,000.0  

2,500.0  

3,000.0  

3,500.0  

1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  

Series1  

0.0  

500.0  

1,000.0  

1,500.0  

2,000.0  

2,500.0  

3,000.0  

3,500.0  

1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  

Series1  

Plalorm  for  Smart  Grid  R&D    The  electric  power  industry  provides  the  plalorm  and  the  context  

Telecommunica)on,  IT  and    computer  industries  provide  the  technology  and  sobware  to  interface  with  the  electric  power  network  

The  electric  power  industry  will  require  new  genera)on  of  engineers  who  are  versa)le  in  several  disciplines  

   

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Who  else  is  ac)ve  in  smart  grid?    

The  non-­‐tradi)onal  players  

CISCO’s  Smart  Grid  

http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/energy/external_utilities.html

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GE’s  Plug  into  the  Smart  Grid  http://ge.ecomagination.com/smartgrid/

IBM’s  Smarter  Planet  http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/

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Siemens’  Smart  Grid  http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/en/energy-topics/smart-grid/

Building  Blocks  of  the  Smart  Grid  

© Saifur Rahman

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How  is  the  Smart  Grid  Engineered  

Source: EPRI

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www.Sgiclearinghouse.org

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Thank  you  

   Prof.  Saifur  Rahman  

www.saifurrahman.org