smart demand: lessons from water
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Dr Ben Anderson [email protected] Sustainable Energy Research Group Faculty of Engineering and the Environment. Smart Demand: Lessons from Water. The Menu. The problem(s) with water Water ‘practices’ The problem with ‘demographics’ Lessons from water Implications for smart energy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Smart Demand:Lessons from Water
Dr Ben [email protected]
Sustainable Energy Research Group
Faculty of Engineering and the Environment
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The Menu
The problem(s) with water
Water ‘practices’
The problem with ‘demographics’
Lessons from water
Implications for smart energy
Source: DEFRA, 2008
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The problem(s) with water…
Over abstraction
It costs to clean– Energy (carbon)
Supply– Patchy (no grid)– Locally variable
Demand– poorly understood
Source: DEFRA, 2011
With no action
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Source: DEFRA, 2011
What do we know?
Domestic water demand is rising
Mean daily consumption– ~= 150 l/person/day– ~= 140 l/person/day (2030)?
More single households– more total volume
And– Consumption = ƒ(occupancy)– But look at the ranges!
But that’s about it…Source: ESRC Sustainable Practices Group Water
Survey, 2011
www.sprg.ac.uk
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Well… almost ‘Expected’ appliance use
– On average
Actual appliance consumption– Mean l/day– For a few micro-measured
households
So…– Consumption = ƒ(occupancy) +
ƒ(appliances)
But
Source: Shove & Medd, 2005
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The trouble with averages…
5 ‘average’ households– but they do different things
So to reduce demand…– What to target?– Who to target?– How to target them?
Source: Shove & Medd, 2005
Now…– Consumption = ƒ(occupancy * wpd) + ƒ(appliances *
wpd)– Where wpd = What People Do
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But what do people do?
Does this tell us?
Social practices– Habits– Routines– Neither fully conscious nor reflective– Constraints & inter-dependences– “Why people don’t do what they ‘should’”
(Jim Skea, 2011)
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Washing practices
2011 survey– N = 1800
“7 a week”
7 showers + 1 bath
Do washing practices cluster?
Source: ESRC Sustainable Practices Group Water
Survey, 2011
www.sprg.ac.uk
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Washing practice clusters
Dimensions– Frequency– Diversity– Technology– Outsourcing
Source: ESRC Sustainable Practices Group Water
Survey, 2011
www.sprg.ac.uk
Whole sample
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Washing practice clusters
Dimensions– Frequency– Diversity– Technology– Outsourcing
Explain– ~ 20% l/day variation Source: ESRC Sustainable Practices Group Water
Survey, 2011
www.sprg.ac.uk
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But…
Cluster membership– is not easy to predict
Low Frequency Showering
Attentious Cleaning
High Frequency Bathing
Low Frequency Bathing
Out and About
Age Number of children Household Composition Gender
Number of earners
Number of cars Accommodation
Tenure Environmental values
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Lessons from water: Volume ~= ƒ(occupancy) +
– ‘Attitudes’ are not that relevant
Appliances provide a substrate for…– What people do - social practices
Help to explain variation () Across ‘similar’ households With similar appliances And similar accommodation
Are habitual, routine & not fully conscious nor reflective
So difficult to change
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Hot water!
You can eco-tech all you like– But it’s what people do with it that matters
Implications for Energy
Source: A.S. Bahaj, P.A.B. James (2007) “Urban energy generation: The added value of photovoltaics in social housing” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11: 2121-2136
H4 -high, peaky demand - potential for shifting?
H2 - low demand - little potential for shifting?
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Hot water!
You can eco-tech all you like– But it’s what people do with it that matters
Smart Demand needs a handle on– Habits, routines– Barriers, constraints and flexibility– Networks of demand
And ways of ‘auto-targeting’ interventions– That don’t rely on ‘demographics’ + ‘values’– Smart Monitoring?
Implications for Energy
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Thank you
Dr Ben Anderson ([email protected])
www.energy.soton.ac.uk– SPRG
Sustainable Practices Research Group www.sprg.ac.uk
– DANCER Digital Agent Networking for Customer Energy
Reduction (EPSRC) dancerproject.wordpress.com