smart city overveiw
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Smarter cities: a public safety perspective
Mark Cleverley Director, Public Safety Solutions Global Government Industry
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2007 was the first year in which
more than half the world was
living in cities.
By 2050 it will be 70%.
Every minute for the next 20
years, 30 people will leave rural
India for urban India. They will
need 500 new cities.
So a “Smarter Planet”
must be built by the cities
of the world
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Energy
Projections show energy
consumption increasing by
50% in the next 25 years.
820 million people around the
world are undernourished. Yet
much of the food we produce is
wasted between field and fork.
In the last 100 years global
water usage has increased at
twice the rate of population
growth. Today, one in five
people still lacks clean drinking
water.
Food Water
… and growth is stressing every piece of our infrastructure
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Only in cities can we simultaneously increase the efficiency and
sustainability of these systems to create the most livable environment
for the greatest number of people.
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“When the burdens of the presidency seem unusually heavy, I always remind myself it could be worse. I could be a mayor”.
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Three critical technology and societal changes enrich the future
Instrumented
We can measure, sense and see the condition of practically everything.
Interconnected
People, systems and objects can communicate
and interact with each other in entirely new ways.
Intelligent
We can analyse and derive insight from larger and more
diverse sources of information, to predict and respond better to
change.
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These changes offer to help cities become smarter –
instrumented, interconnected, intelligent
Traditional Approach Smarter Approach
Integrated data including sensors,
video and voice
Detailed and actionable
near-term predictions
Coordinated actions across
the city and stakeholders
Many disconnected and conflicting
data sources
Long range predictions
for trends and directions
Each department operates
in a disconnected silo
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Variety of Information
Volume of Digital Data
Velocity of Decision Making
Information is
exploding
44x Digital data
growth through
2020
Sources of
insight are
multiplying
80% of information –
unstructured
content
Change
outpacing ability to
keep up
Performance gap
is widening
60% of mission leaders have
more data than they
can use
effectively
12x Increase in
performance by
organizations that
apply analytics
But the information age creates challenges for all
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…and particular challenges for public safety are developing
Increase in information volume — much in unstructured formats
The community (law abiding and criminal) accesses and uses data in new ways—increasingly mobile and interconnected
Today’s economy and society are digitally interconnected - citizens expect public services to adapt
21% Forecast growth path in global CCTV installations 2011−13
$388 Billion Global cost of cyber crime
57% Percentage of city expenditure
attributed to public safety
Data overload Newly emerging threats
Increasing public expectations
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Sources: (1) “Global CCTV Market Analysis (2008-12) reported in Business Wire Feb 2011 (2) Norton Study Calculates Cost of Global Cybercrime:”, Symantec Sep 2011
(6) NY Times, March 2011(3) “Smarter, Faster, Cheaper: A benchmarking analysis of 100 US Cities, IBM, Feb 2011 (4) 'Twitter and BBM gave us riot intelligence - we decided
against pulling plug‘, Jo Best, Silicon.com, Aug 2011
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Human Conditions
Crime Terrorism System Failure
Natural Disasters
Weather Health
Against Property,
People
Attacks - Major, Minor
Transportation/Utilities Infrastructure
Collapse
Biohazards, Pandemic
Winds, Heat, Rain
Earthquake, Flood,
Landslide
Event Failure
Riot Crush
Environmental Conditions
Public Safety
Public
To “Responding to crime and emergencies”
Add “Preventing crime and pre-empting emergencies”
Citizens’ expectations of their public safety agencies
are evolving
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So the public safety mission must face difficult questions
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Transparency and
accountability
Fragmented
information
Global security
threats
Rising citizen
expectations
Need for high
performance
Continuing budget
pressures
Challenges fall into common categories
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In Canada the tangible social
and economic cost of crime
in was $31.4 billion, or $943
for each man, woman and
child in the country.
$943 per person In the US, using Iowa State
University's methodology, the
18,000 plus homicides recorded
in 2007 would cost roughly $300
billion
18,000 Homicides
What a male teenager
heading towards a life
of crime will cost
society
$3 Million
66% of people According to the British
Crime Survey 66% of
adults believe crime has
risen nationally in the past
few years
$3.4 Billion In New Zealand, government
spending on police, corrections
and justice has roughly
doubled to $3.4 billion in the
past 14 years, adjusted for
inflation - with little overall
effect on crime
$778 Billion The American Academy of
Actuaries disclosed that a
future large terrorist attack in
New York City could result in
$778 billion in insured losses.
But the need for continuing focus is clear
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The “smarter city” can transform data into
actionable insight to build a safer, more efficient,
more accountable and desirable place.
Securing public safety in the 21st century requires a
concerted, extended, collaborative effort between businesses,
governments and individual citizens. That carries implications
for many policy and operational areas.
Perception of safety is essential to the health,
Vibrancy and economic trajectory of a city
A more holistic view of public
safety is emerging
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Policing
Justice
Regional, national,
international links
Welfare, social services Critical infrastructure
Scattered information,
difficult interoperability,
many potential linkages
and opportunities Cyber security
Call centres Firefighting
Emergency medical
services
Public health Transportation
Buildings
Borders
Corrections
Education
Which will need rich integration and analytics capabilities
across a fragmented information landscape
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Coordinating resources and processes to operate effectively
Anticipating problems to resolve them proactively
Leveraging information to make better decisions
Unified threat
assessment
and response
with cross
agency
collaboration
Proactive
planning and
decision
making, using
analytics for
prediction and
prevention
Responder
operational
insight through
interoperability
and
streamlining
information
provision Robust, varied
information
from a diverse
set of physical
and digital
sources and
providers
Improved
situational
awareness
through access
to common,
trusted
information
By developing key competencies, public safety agencies
can create a safer, more desirable environment
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Lower crime increases use of
public transit
Better incident management lowers
civilian casualties
Easing traffic congestion improves emergency response
Liaising with social services enables early intervention
Easing traffic congestion improves emergency response
Analytics, collaboration and information sharing enable
interconnections across systems to improve outcomes
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Predictive Analytics Identity Analytics
Video Analytics Advanced Analytics
Content Analytics Collaborative Case Management
Social Network Analytics Information Sharing and Resource Coordination
Analytics and collaboration will be force multipliers
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Anonymous Resolution
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Global Name Recognition
Identity Insight
Threat and fraud detection that establishes unique identity,
discovers obvious and non-obvious relationships and monitors
events in light of that situational awareness.
Delivers culturally-relevant name analysis for individuals
and businesses with patented search and scoring
capabilities.
Inter-agency information sharing that discovers common
identities and relationships while maintaining privacy and
security by anonymizing PII.
Identity analytics…
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Display Entities
Name
Location
Organization
Registration
Content analytics…
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07/08/2012
Swallow and
LanguageWare merging
Company
Marie,
I have a LanguageWare RFP to complete for Acme Corp. by EOB Friday. We are presenting UIMA, WebSphere Portal, and
LanguageWare as the key components of the solution. To deliver this soln. we need LW support for creation of custom annotators,
especially for named-entity recognition. DJ and Alex mentioned that you were adding parsing to LW and were merging James Luke's
Swallow with LW Workbench. When will this be ready for customers? Also, could you provide software services as part of this RFP as
the customer will need support in creating custom annotator
English
Language
Identification Segmentation Normalization Classification Disambiguation Relationship
Extraction
Fuzzy matching Spelling correction, approx. lookup, hyphenation
Rules Regular expressions, parsing, grammars
EOB = end of business complete / completes / completed / …
support = noun (not verb) tank = vehicle (not container)
Acme Corp. request
LanguageWare as part of RFP
Person Date
Alex, DJ, Thomas, and Marie
“know each other”.
IBM Offering Questions
Deeper language analytics…
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Fire assigns inspection resources based on risk rather than time
Police pinpoint hotspots, drive significant reductions in certain crimes
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Statistics drive confidence in your results and decisions
Modeling brings repeatability to ongoing decision making
Deployment maximizes the impact of analytics in your operation
Border Protection optimizes resource allocation for secondary search
EM predicts weather and highlights likely flood incidence earlier
Predictive analytics…
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Video analytics can help create safer urban environments
Coordination center Cameras
Searchable
video index
Responding agencies
Analyze Decide Act Capture
Sensor
Investigative
analysis
Analyze &
index Operational
dashboard
Response
event Real-time alerts
Event search /
pattern analysis
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Continuing to advance video analytics capability
Abandoned package detection
Clothing color search – single, multiple
Crowd monitoring – estimation, activity
Tunnel entering, hatch opening
detection
Edge of platform activity
Falling onto tracks
Walking on tracks
Level crossing blocking
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Improve citizen
relationships
Understand citizens needs to target new services cost-
effectively through different social media channels
Create Relationships. Build Advocacy. Improve Awareness.
Evaluate reputation and make evidence-based decisions
that target the right stakeholders at the right time
Gain early insight Faster awareness of trends, respond more quickly
with insight into potential problems, gather intelligence
from a major new open source
Enhance service
outcomes
Listen, measure and analyze social media performance to more effectively:
Social media analytics…
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People are changing how they ask for help
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Citizens are using different channels to participate
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Yellow Button
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Solution Developers
Yellow Button
Local Government
Community
Planning and operational decision making Daily life decision support
Data
Models
Services
Citizens
• Citizen sensor data
• Infrastructure sensors • Plans and schedules • Open city data
Crime/theft analysis Local travel analysis
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Help through social media – expected response?
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The converse of social media benefits
tac
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Non-Traditional / Non- Relational Data Sources
In-Motion
Analytics
Traditional / Relational Data Sources
Database At-Rest Data
Analytics
Results Traditional
Analytics
Stream
Analytics Ultra Low
Latency
Results
In-motion streams vs traditional analytics…
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Real time crime center – founded on a crime information warehouse - in NYPD joins and analyses billions of records from multiple sources.
“It used to take us days to find a number or an address. Now we send stuff to detectives who are literally standing in the blood”.
Better, timelier, trusted information
fire
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Secure mobile access
supply
Connecting mobile police officers to border crossing and visa systems to help comply with Schengen.
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“The solution has allowed us to take a new look and
gain a totally different perspective on the data
that we've always had.” Jim Harvey, Deputy Chief of Administrative Services, Memphis Police
Department
• With traditional policing practices unable to
thwart a rising rate of criminal activity and
budgets tight, the Memphis Police
Department pioneered a way to focus their
patrol resources more intelligently.
• Using analytics and geospatial tools, helping to
recognize crime trends as they are happening,
MPD’s predictive capability enables precinct
commanders to change their tactics and redirect
their patrol resources to more effectively and
proactively deal with crime.
30% reduction in serious crime overall,
including a 37% reduction in crime in one
targeted area
15% reduction in violent crime
4x increase in the share of cases solved in
the MPD’s Felony Assault Unit, from 16
percent to nearly 70 percent
Overall improvement in the ability to allocate
police resource in a budget-constrained fiscal
environment
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Hertfordshire maximized resources and decreased crime by
collaborating and integrating data
Hertfordshire
Do more with less by sharing data and collaborating to create a richer, more cohesive picture of intelligence
Decrease time spent on investigations by centralizing data so all teams are working off the same intelligence
Better brief executives and officers with easy to understand vizualisation
By integrating data from various public sector agencies and across jurisdictions, Hertfordshire Constabulary increased the value of their intelligence enabling them to maximize resources in the face of tightening budgets and decrease the crime rate.
“IBM helped us develop a collaborative and integrated approach to solving crimes that has helped us increase public satisfaction, decrease the crime rate and maximize our resources.”
Crime Fire Graffiti Social
10% increase in detections
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Centralised command and control across different elements of response
Madrid’s Integrated Security and
Emergency Management Centre
provides a unified view of
complexity, reduces response
time, connects first responders of
all kinds – in the pursuit of
effective response and prevention.
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Improved collaboration for preparedness
Provincial Disaster
Management and Emergency
Operations Centre, providing
a real time common operating
picture, and interoperability
across metro emergency
management operations and
public safety departments
rio
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Rio de Janeiro operations
centre, developed to deal with
flooding, will incorporate other
city safety functions
Centralised preparedness and management
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Improved fire safety
Collect and share real time data on building
inspections, link with maintenance databases…
use predictive analytics to move to risk-based
inspection… provide firefighters with up to date
information where and when they need it
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The District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority is modernizing the management of the aging water and sewer infrastructure of the city, using advanced analytics, asset management software, and geospatial mapping applications.
Improving water infrastructure
food
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From a municipality of 6000
people in upstate New York,
attackers tried to steal four
million dollars. Half a million
dollars are still missing.
Cities themselves are in the
firing line of cyber-crime.
Protecting cyberspace
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Cities are deploying cameras, microphones, building control systems – across public and private sectors – that can be brought together to help achieve the public safety mission.
Better situational awareness
fire
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More broadly - analytics can drive insight to help inform and
manage all the operations and decisions of the city
• Leave a legacy
• Spend public funds responsibly
• Achieve specific outcomes from all agencies, departments and workgroups
• Tie together mission, operational and financial performance
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Bring together large volumes and varieties of data to derive new,
actionable insights in many areas
Identify criminals and threats from
disparate video, audio, and data
feeds
Make risk decisions based on real-
time transactional data
Predict weather patterns to plan
optimal wind turbine usage, and
optimize capital expenditure on
asset placement
Detect life-threatening
conditions at hospitals in time
to intervene
Multi-channel customer sentiment
and experience a analysis
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City at a glance
Event Management
Video Analytics And other solution
Connections
Workflow Management
Incident Escalation
Shared analytics capabilities – an intelligent operations centre
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“Gentlemen, we have run out of money. Now we must think”.
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“Smarter” public safety – three key elements
Instrumented
Capture, collect, report, distribute information from where and to where and
when it is needed
Interconnected
Securely and appropriately integrate information and
communicate across broader sets of stakeholders
Intelligent
Use powerful analytics to derive actionable insight and execute through a common operational
picture
instrumented