smart city block - a. el gammal, f. klopfert

26/03/2013 U.L.B. – SMART CITY BLOCK

Avec le sou>en de

Par Adel El Gammal modéré par Michel Huart

Smart City Blocks

Smart City Block

An U.L.B. Research Sponsored by ELECTRABEL

F. Klopfert A. El Gammal


A new Context for us

Global Energy Demand WEO 2012

Oil Prices

A sunny morning in Beijing Somewhere in ArcPc


CiPes ….

Ci#es are the number 1 contributor to global GHG emissions

Since 2010, more than 50% of the world popula#on lives in ci#es And much more to come soon …


If we would see CO2 …

One ton of carbon dioxide gas fills a sphere over 10 meters in diameter


1 hour emissions = 6.204 tons www.carbonvisuals.com

New York aZer 1hour


1 year emissions = 54.349.650 tons www.carbonvisuals.com

75% of CO2 is emiEed by buildings

New York aZer 1 year


Brussels, not any be_er …

41% 33%

5%

1%

Residen>al Ter>ary

Source: IBGE 2009

Ci#es emissions: ➨  Building performance à 150 kWh/m2.Y à 15 kWh/m2.Y ➨  Building materials à 50 % CO2 embedded in grey energy (50 Y; 50kWh/m2.Y) ➨  Behavioral prac#ces à the way people approach consump#on

Primary Energy Consump#on in Brussels Region (TWh)

Ter>ary Residen>al Transport


WaiPng for technology to solve it?


Regulatory Context

•  Post-‐Kyoto •  Conference Of the ParPes (COP) •  MulP / Bilateral negoPaPons

So what!

•  RES 20/20/20 DirecPve

➔  20% Energy Efficiency ➔  20% Renewable Energy ➔  20 % CO2 reduc>on

•  EPBD (Buildings) ➔  NZEB 2020

•  BATEX (incitaPve) •  Passive standard 2015 (regulatory)


www.carbonvisuals.com

20 % Energy Efficiency 20% Renewables 20 % CO2

New behavioral and lifestyle approaches of Urban Living

Technology will not solve it all


Where are the Haussmann’s of the 21st century ?


Challenges to “Urban Planning”

PoliPco-‐economic •  Planning cycle (20 -‐50 ) years vs poli>cal mandates •  Planning cycle (20 -‐50 ) years vs financial payback •  Ins>tu>onal ruptures

Socio-‐demographic •  Demographic evolu>on •  Socio-‐cultural evolu>on •  Lifestyle & technology •  Employment, mobility, …

Cross-‐sectorial complexity •  Energy, environment, waste, water •  Mobility •  Construc>on •  …..

Cross-‐funcPonal complexity •  Social •  Economical •  Industrial •  ….

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How can we plan ?

Some brilliant works exist

… But can human behavior be planned ?

Jeremy Ri_in’s Third Industrial Revolu>on

Can such approach address the “evolu#onary” nature of urban living ?

•  Individualism vs increased need for social links •  Mobility vs car •  Security vs isola>on •  Evolving work paaerns •  Lifestyle trends •  Migratory flows •  ….


Addressing the challenge

A holis#c and mul#-‐disciplinary approach to sustainability is only able to tackle the complexity of the challenge

Energy

Water Waste Environ;

Materials

Public/Shared Space

Flexibility Time

Mobility

Diversity

Social partnerships

Life quality

ENVI ECON SOCIAL

Brussels Region has adopted an exemplary evolu#onary approach to highly par#cipa#ve development of eco-‐districts


The Smart City Block Project

The SCB project is a highly original research project focusing on an in depth socio-‐technical analysis of Brussels inhabitants with the objec#ve to iden#fy incen#ves and obstacles to root behavioral changes within local urban communi#es for reducing environmental footprint while improving life quality

➔  A mul>disciplinary research project developed by U.L.B. and sponsored by Electrabel ➔  A Socio-‐Technical and Socio-‐Economical approach to the development of new urban

solu>ons and behaviors improving quality of life ➔  An analysis at the” city block level” as the most suited city unit for developing shared

community experiences

Place Flagey, Brussels A view showing the diversity of city blocks in Brussels


SegmentaPon Criteria

1 Analysis ExisPng

Projects

2 Segmenta>on by

bloc types

3 Choice of test city blocks

4 SCB offering

5 Evalua>on


14 projects across EU and BE

Project Focus

Social EnvI Energy Economic

BedZED UK, Beddington P P P Bo01 SE, Malmö P P

EVA-‐Lanxmeer NL, Culemborg P P

Hammarby Sjötad SE, Stockholm P P

Park 20|20 NL, Hoofdorp P P Vauban DE, Freiburg P P Vesterbro DK, Copenhagen P P Biplan BE, Brussels P P P

Dampoort BE, Gent P P Globe BE, Brussels P P P L’Espoir BE, Brussels P P Mundo-‐B BE, Brussels P P P Pic Au Vent BE, Tournai P P P

Savonnerie Heymans BE, Brussels P P P

•  New or Renova>on •  0,1 to 200 Ha surface •  25 to 26.000 people •  Residen>al, ter>ary or mix

Highly diverse, and mostly recent experiences show the mul>plicity of approaches and the complexity of analyzing exis>ng eco-‐district experiences


Focus on different renovaPon approaches

BedZED, UK

➔  Private Ini>a>ve ➔  Old Coalmine site ➔  82 houses and community services ➔  Full district reconstruc>on

➔  Public / Private Ini>a>ve ➔  Center of city (Molenbeek) ➔  14 houses with garden ➔  House reconstruc>on

L’ESPOIR, Brussels

DISTRICT RENOVATION NEW DISTRICT



1 Analysis Exis>ng

Projects

2 SegmentaPon by

bloc types


4 SCB offering

5 Evalua>on


Harnessing data

City

Municipality

District

Sta>s>cal Sector

City block

Street

Street sec>on

Adddress

Abundant informaPon exists from various sources and with various levels of accuracy.

≈ 700

≈ 3.500

The city block has been chosen as the most suited porPon of a city to develop and implement community service-‐oriented soluPons

InformaPon must be structured and concatenated into meaningful analysis criteria

PopulaPon

Mobility

Buildings

Buildings Buildings

Economic


SegmentaPon principle

PCA 3.500 blocks

59 criteria

6 criteria 3.500 blocks

14 homogeneous types of City Blocks

WC


Nostalgic engineer ?

5

59 criteria

city blocks

Final SCB SegmentaPon

Central older districts with low socio-‐economic index, town houses dominance with shops and industrial remainders


High Net Worth popula>on; dominance peripheral villas and (semi-‐)detached houses

with gardens


Higher Medium socio-‐economic index popula>on, dominance of mid 20 century apartments



1 Analysis Exis>ng

Projects

2 Segmenta>on by

bloc types


4 SCB offering

5 Evalua>on


SelecPng test blocks out of 14 types

3.500 blocks

3.500 blocks

High cumulated deficit

45% of blocks

➔  SelecPon of 4 interesPng block types ➔  Choice of representaPve blocks within each type


Selected blocks

•  Large blocks with homogeneous buildings •  Small gardens •  Important mobility problem •  Low diversity

I (social deficit) H (ecological deficit)

•  Low density •  High sanding villas •  Renova>on at various periods

I and H types represent very disPnct challenges calling for different SCB offerings



1 Analysis Exis>ng

Projects

2 Segmenta>on by

bloc types


4 SCB offering

5 Evalua>on


SCB soluPons offering (1/3)

Technique (16) Energie Panneaux solaires photovoltaïques Panneaux solaires thermiques Pompe à chaleur géothermique réversible Pompe à chaleur air/air réversible Récupérateur thermique Réseau thermique Cogénéra>on

Biogaz

Enveloppe Isola>on Ven>la>on mécanique Ombrage Toiture verte Façade verte Combles Revêtement de façade Ouvertures (éclairage)



Environnemental (15) Mobilité Parking Vélo Parking voiture Vélo partagé Voiture partagé Réseaux de circula>on Déchets Espace tri-‐déchets

Compost

Eau

Récupéra>on & traitement d'eaux grises

Récupéra>on & traitement d'eau de pluie

Espaces extérieurs Potager Toiture verte Façade verte Aire de jeux/sport Jardin/terrasse



Social (29) Sports/détente Salle slow sport Salle Fitness

Piscine + bien-‐être/thalasso/sauna/hammam

Travail/intellectuel Bureau partagé Salle de réunion Salle d'étude/lecture Taches domes>ques Buanderie Atelier Pièce stockage Alimenta>on Cuisine Surgélateur Cellier Cave à vin Potager Loisirs Chambre d'hôte Cuisine Local répé>>on musique/concert Salle de fêtes Jardin/terrasse Aire de jeux/sport Salle exposi>on Cinéma/théâtre/conférence Salle de rencontres/salle de quar>er Salle TV/Hifi Educa>on Salle d'études/lecture Crèche Divers Sanitaires Maison ou élément témoin


A soluPon element -‐ example



1 Analysis Exis>ng

Projects

2 Segmenta>on by

bloc types


4 SCB offering

5 EvaluaPon


Findings and next steps

•  Ci>es are about people Finance and Technology are enablers, human mo>va>on is the game changer.

•  Preliminary survey shows very contrasted nature of mo>va>ons and levels of interest for innova>ve urban solu>ons, depending on popula>on segment.

•  City renova>on can have in depth impact on property value ➔  Deeply anchored within impacted ci>zens à” L’Espoir”

OR ➔  Gentrifica>on

•  SCB focuses by essence on ac>ve par>cipa>on of incumbent popula>on for increased local anchorage

•  Next Phases of the Research include: •  Detailed Stakeholder analysis : popula>on, poli>cal (regional, local, proximity), public

services u>li>es, private service providers, construc>on, finance •  Technico-‐economic modelisa>on of SCB solu>ons •  Case Study on selected city blocks including co-‐elabora>on of SCB scenarios with

popula>on and other stakeholders


Provisional Conclusions

•  SCB philosophy analyses possible socio-‐technical scenarios of community services based on shared infrastructure

•  The sharing of infrastructure is an observable trend

with increasing public acceptance, as evidenced by the growing adop>on of large scale bicycle/car sharing solu>ons such as “Villo” or “Cambio” schemes in Brussels

•  At the city block level, the organiza>onal perrenialty and

financial viability of infrastructure sharing schemes requires the set up of collec>ve self-‐management and control mechanisms at the community level

•  Complementary currecies can offer instrumental support to the “not for profit” management of SCB solu>ons.

•  SCB focuses on the crea>on of new linkages and social

behaviors at local level, offering a pla�orm for trans genera>on services

•  SCB is an innova>ve research project for defining new urban

solu>ons contribu>ng to changing the paradigm of current urban life organiza>ons

Sustainable districts Brussels Region

2012

Imagina#on is everything. It is the preview of life's coming aErac#ons.

A. Einstein

An U.L.B. Project Sponsored by Electrabel

Smart City Block

Promo>on: Prof. J.C. Maun Coordina>on: F. Klopfert

O. Mortehan C. Lhoir H. Joachain

Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles Service BEAMS

[email protected]

Smart City Block

Adel El Gammal

a.elgammal@amon-‐consul>ng.eu www.amon-‐consul>ng.eu

smart city block - a. el gammal, f. klopfert

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