smart and green buildings - the role of contractors · smart and green buildings - the role of...

© 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi

Smart Buildings, Smart Cities & IoT Lab@NUS

Sekhar Kondepudi Ph.D

Smart and Green Buildings - The Role of Contractors

[email protected]

M +65 9856 6472

O +65 6601 2819

Oct 27 2015

Environment Sustainability Conference on

Going Green, What Does it Mean

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3LrU-CK5YU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3LrU-CK5YU

An integrated system can reduce ongoing operational costs by up to 36%

© 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi2

Trends

Typical Systems in a Building

A “Smart Green ” Building

Next Gen Ideas

Wrap Up & Discussion

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2

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4

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Source : NEA (2013)


Source NEA (2013)


need

2025By 2025, buildings

worldwide will become

the top energy consumers.

1Buildings are the number 1 contributor to

global CO2 emissions.

2Real estate is the second largest

expense on the income statement for

most companies.

In most organizations the real estate

portfolio is on the balance sheet as the

third most valuable or expensive single

asset.

3

42 percentWorldwide, buildings consume

42% of all electricity – up to 50%

of which is wasted.

30 percentFacilities investments and operating

costs can be more than 30% of

corporate annual spending.

Source : IBM

7 © 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi

Dampers

Cameras

Air

Filters

Indoor

Air Quality

Services

Air Handling

Unit

Controllers

Cooling

Coils

Fans

Access

Management

Exhaust

Fans Smoke

Detectors

Cooling

Towers

Elevators

Zone

ControlHeating

Units

Halon

System

VAV

Units Diffusers

Cameras

Intrusion

Detectors

Card

Readers

Chemical

Water Control

Chillers &

Boilers

Pumps

Operators

Station

Fire Alarm

Panels

Thermostats/

Humidistats

Parking

Garage

Water Systems

Vending m/c

Electric,

Gas,

Heating

Computer Room

Air Handlers

LightingSolarPV

Rack/Server IDFPDU

Σ


• Physical Services (Building Systems HVAC, Lighting, Elevators, Waste / Water Management etc)

• Infrastructural ICT Services (Pagers, Information System, Trouble Ticketing, Server farm, Office Systems, E-Mail, VoIP, VoD, Space-Management, Telecommunications)

• Security Services (Fire Alarm, Intrusion, Inundation, CO, CO2, Nox, Access Control, Asset Tracking, CCTV)

• Enterprise Services including CRM, ERP, Business and Financial Applications.


TransportationRoad, railway, and air

transportation is the heart of

any community. Where

transportation services are

smart, safe, energy efficient.

Where you could access

real-time transit information

Wellness

Receive services from best-

in-class healthcare

organizations that provide

an enhanced patient

experience, privacy, and

safety.

Sports

Connecting fans with their

favorite teams--and each

other--in entirely new ways

with more immersive,

interactive, and

personalized experiences

Government

Imagine a government

experience that is engaging,

where you can access the

information you need to

live, work, learn and play in

that community

Shopping

Reserve and pay for parking

before leaving home;

receive real-time sales

incentives on your mobile

device upon entering the

store; real-time video

surveillance system

Office

A building that knew when

you arrived and left,

automatically turned

business applications on

and off, sends a security

alert when an unidentified

package is left, or notifies

you about peaking energy

use

School

Imagine a school where

learning extends beyond

classroom walls, students

are exposed to a wider

world of information and

experience, and people can

collaborate in real time,

Home/Residential

Imagine having quick and easy access to the information and government services you need to enhance your personal and professional life


• Every day, the world creates 2.5 Quintillion (how many zeros ?) bytes of data

• 90 % of all the Data today has been created in the last 2 years (2011-2012)

• In the 11 years between 2009 and 2020, the size of the "Digital Universe" will increase 44 fold. That's a 41% increase in capacity every year.

• In addition, only 5% of this data being created is structured and the remaining 95% is largely unstructured, or at best semi-structured.

• Sources of this data : Sensors, social media posts, pictures posted, videos posted, comments, transactions, GPS data etc.

The Little Book of BIG DATA (2012), Norleen Burlingame © 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi11

• By 2015, 17 petabytes per year for all BASs in North America

• By 2021, 52 petabytes per year for new construction alone

• Approximately 2 petabytes: All U.S. academic research libraries

BAS Installations by Controls Segment,

New Construction, North America: 2015-2021

BAS Daily Data Throughput by Controls

Segment, North America: 2015-2021

-

20

40

60

80

100

120

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

(MB

)

HVAC ControlsLighting ControlsFire and Life SafetySecurity and AccessBuilding Management Systems

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

(Nu

mb

er

of

Sys

tem

s)

HVAC Controls

Lighting Controls

Fire and Life Safety

Security and Access

Building Management Systems


Internet of Things


Source - CISCO

Source - Ericsson

13

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=BJSjbttGaVM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=BJSjbttGaVM

Trends


A “Smart and Green” Building

Next Gen Ideas


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3

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AccessPowerLife

SafetyLighting IT

Video

SecurityNetworkHVAC

Power

Monitoring

Control

Systems

Building

Automation

Systems

Lighting

Fire &

Smoke

Detectors,

Sprinklers

Cameras

Housings

Servers

Computers

Wiring

Closet

Routers

Switches

Phones

Network

Digital

Video

Recorder

Video

Analytics

Life Safety

Systems

Lighting

Control

White

Space IT

Apps

Network

Mgmt

Systems

Active

Access

Control

Biometrics

Locks

Doors

Gates

Man-traps

Chillers

Boilers

Air

Handlers

Emergency

Power

Supply

Utilities


Renewable

SourcesOffice

Appliances

HVAC

UPS

Electrical

Access Control

Lighting

IT

Power

Meters

Elevators

Today’s Disparate Building Systems


HVACElevators Fire Lighting & ClosingElectrical

DistributionSecurity IT & TelcoRefrig.

Building management consulting (including energy efficiency / performance contracting)

Facilities Management

Security monitoring

Elevators Refrigeration

Lighting & ClosingFire ExtinctionSecurity

Equipment

MV & LV

Equipment

Servers, Mass

Storage

Building Security FireLighting & Closing

Control

ED control &

Monitoring Routers, VoIPBuilding

Automation

HVACEquipment

Controls & Field

Devices

Systems &

Services

Extended

Services


Building management

HVAC control

Simple Integration

Lighting control

Access control

Security

Electrical distribution

Energy monitoring

Motor control

Critical power

Renewable energy

Interoperability and opennessof third party systems

Making the parts

work together

for energy efficiency


Trends


A “Smart and Green” Building

Next Gen Ideas


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Smart Green Building?

Smart Buildings combine physical and digital infrastructures in a reliable, cost effective, and sustainable manner with a goal to provide optimal comfort and well-being for their occupants thereby enhancing productivity and performance.

A building which enhances employee /

occupancy productivity through better comfort

and well being.

It is a building that is managed

comprehensively from concept to grave.

It is well instrumented to enable monitoring

and optimal operations

It is integrated with the utility smart grid to

optimize on time based energy demand

It is sustainable – optimizing on water and

waste and also partially offsets its energy

needs via renewable sources on-site.


Exte

rnal

Inte

gra

tio

n

An

aly

tics a

nd

Op

timiz

atio

n

Water

Smart Meters,

Use / Flow

Sensing

Energy

Smart Meter,

Demand Response Elevators

Maintenance,

Performance

HVAC

Fans, Variable Air

Volume, Air Quality

Lighting

Occupancy

Sensing

Access/Security

Badge In,

Cameras, Integration

Perimeter, Doors,

Floors, Occupancy

Space Utilization

Occupancy/

Management

24/7 Monitoring

Condition Monitoring,

Parking Lot Utilization

WeatherCurrent

Predictions

Emergency

ServicesAlerts, Actions

UtilitiesDemand Mgmt,

Cost Control

Community

ServicesTransportation,

Traffic, Events

Commercial

PotentialAdvertisement

Voice/Video/Data

Integrated Building & Communications Services

PortfolioRE Mgmt

Asset MgmtLifecycle

Energy UsePassive/Active

OccupancySpace Mgmt

ComplianceReal Estate Mgmt

Building ServicesMaintenance/Projects

Tenant ServicesHelp Desk

Waste MgmtTrash/Water/Recycle

Industry SpecificHospital, Hotel, Etc.

Fire Functionality

Checks,

Detector Service

Source IBM


Physical

• Air Conditioning System

• Lighting System

• Elevator System

• Water and Plumbing System

• Electrical System

• Fire Alarm System

• Façade & Interior Décor

ICT / Data

• Networking Infrastructure

• Cabling

• IP Networks

• Voice

• Video

• Data

• Wireless

• Data Security

Building Control

• Building Automation System (BAS) – HVAC & Energy Management

• Lighting Control System

• Fire & Life Safety Control Systems

• Access Control

• Video Surveillance Systems

• Visitor Management System

• Parking Guidance and Management Systems

• Smart Connected Workplace Solutions


Integrated Building Management Systems (IBMS)

Existing facility BASs are not designed to optimize facility operations and minimize energy consumption. 40% of BASs save less energy than they are capable of saving, on average producing less than 55% of the expected savings

Design Intent Current BAS

Fac

ilit

y P

erf

orm

an

ce

Smart Facilities

BAS Optimization

Operational

Guidelines &

Fault Detection

Savings

Opportunity

Source: “Achieving energy savings with building automation systems” www.automatedbuildings.com

Existing BAS Capabilities

• Operations based on strategies that may be

flawed

• Static alarms that go off too late

• Limited trending (number of points and time

period)

• Single facility view

Smart Facilities Capabilities

• Optimal operating strategy

• Dynamic alarms based on an energy model

• Predictive analytics/maintenance

• Prioritized list of recommendations

• Enterprise/portfolio view

• Supervisory control


• LEED Platinum

• Exterior sun shades

• Natural ventilation with the use of operable

windows

• Wind turbines along the façade

• Three roof top solar platforms with 684 panels

• 45% daylight harvesting

• Living machine wastewater recycling for flushing

• Rain harvesting for irrigation

uses 55% percent less energy and

consumes 32% less electrical demand

than the ASHRAE baseline standard.


• 13,500 Points

• 450 Dashboards

• Rain harvesting for irrigation

• Elevator Monitoring

• Waste Water Treatment System

• Direct Digital Controls

• Digital Network Lighting Controls

• Power Monitoring and Control System

• Fire Alarm and Detection System

• Solar Energy Collector Metering

• Wind Energy Power Generator Metering

• Interior & Exterior Shade Control System

• Weather Station Monitoring System

• Window Washing System

• Water Reclamation

Public information & Education

Demand Response

Alarm Management

Building Analytics© 2015 Sekhar Kondepudi28

29

Case Study Energy Management Water Management Waste Management Well-Being

Microsoft Pilot

Building

Redmond, WA

• Plug load tracking and reduction

• BMS

• Building Analytics

• Fault Detection

• Alarm Management

• Advanced irrigation system • Recycling of most

materials

Compost food waste

City Square Mall,

Singapore

• Green Roof

• Solar energy

• Cross ventilation

promotion

• Internal Green

wall

• Low-e double

glazed curtain wall

• Daylighting

• Motorized

sunshades

• BMS

• LED lighting

• Motion sensors

• Light sensors

• Auto-lighting

• Slow down

features for lifts

and escalators

• Monitoring of

data

• Highly efficient

chiller

• Irrigation valves and thick-walled

dripper line

• Recycling of condensate water

• Rainwater Harvesting

• Waterless urinals

• Automatic sensor taps

• Water efficient irrigation systems

• Rain sensors

• Twin chute pneumatic

waste collection system

• Control of indoor humidity

• Outdoor greenery &

butterfly garden

(Biophilla)

• Thermal comfort

• CO2 sensors

Infosys,

Hyderabad, India

Highly efficient

daylighting systems

Light shelves

Narrow floor places

Reduced window-to-

wall ratio

Building orientation

(E-W)

Terracing of building

Solar Plant

Double walls

Radiant Cooling

Dedicated Outdoor

Air System

Efficient HVAC

system

BAS

• Pressure reducing valves in pipes

• Sensor taps

• Electronic water meters

• Monitored water recycling

• Rainwater Harvesting

• Surface water catchment

areas/Lake

• Grey water recycling

Efficient irrigation

CO2 levels monitored

Treated fresh air

BAS


Visualization

Intelligent

Interconnected

Instrumented

Physical

• Role-based Dashboards

• Comparison of historical data with newly collected data

• Data modeling and analytics

• Building Management and Operations

• Database management

• Data aggregation from multiple

• buildings and systems

• Connectivity – wired/wireless

• Open standards

• Vendor Building Management Systems

• Data aggregation – single building

• Sensors and Meters

• Bricks and Mortar

FM

CIO

Source : IBM


ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS Facility ManagementMaintenance ManagementIT Network Management

Wireless

IP Telephony

VAV

FCU

Heat

Pump

Chilled

Beam

Boilers

Chillers

BMS

AHU

Building

Mgmt

VAV

FCU

Heat

Pump

Chilled

Beam

BMS

Building

Mgmt

IP Camera

CCTV

DVR

Lighting

Control

General

Lighting

Channel

Controllers

DSI/DALI

Interface

Occupancy

Detectors

Lighting

Control

General

Lighting

DSI/DALI

Interface

Occupancy

Detectors

Access

Control

Access

Control

Source : Cisco


Energy & Power

Metering

CCTV

DVR

Fire Alarm

System

Smoke

Sensor

Break

Glass

Sounder

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Energy ManagementBuilding ManagementFacility ManagementSecurity ManagementMaintenance ManagementIT Network Management

Door Controllers

Access Control

Reader

Technology

Intruder

Panels

VAV

FCU

Heat

Pump

Chilled

Beam

Boilers

Chillers

BMS

AHU

Lighting

Control

General

LightingChannel

Controllers

DSI/DALI

Interface

Occupancy

Detectors

UPS Monitoring

IP Camera IP Telephony

Wireless

Middleware Server

Disparate Protocols to Common Format +

ICT Integration


Source : Cisco

32

Trends


A “Smart” Building

Next Gen Ideas


1

2

3

4

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Building System Design

Current Entry

25% 75%

Lif

ecycle

co

st

IT Design

Current Entry

Too Late!

Integrated Building, Community &

IT Design

Proposed Entry

OperationConstructionDesignStrategy


• Multiple systems to maintain

• Need productivity tools for day to day

work

• Easy migration of legacy systems

• Limited training time !

• Reduce operating costs

• Maintain high quality service levels

• Department coordination

• Enterprise integration for business

processes

• Develop energy saving strategies− Identify/ monitor energy usage

− Reduce operating cost

• Deal with utilities, bills, rates

• Allocate costs or bill tenants

• Waste & Water Management

Site

MaintenanceEnergy & Sustainability Consulting Eng.

IT/ Security

• Network / Server uptime

• Data security & integrity

• Physical Security− Access control

− Video surveillance

• Save energy consumption in

datacenters

• Open protocol systems

• Reliable solution

• Choice of vendors

• Easy to specify systems and verify

operation

Owner/ CFO

• Planning & Budgeting

• Control operating costs

• Need proven ROI for spending

• Peace of mind!


Develop a systematic approach to understand how to quantify the impact of the large feature

and functionalities different sub-systems, technologies and protocols on one another

especially between the IT / Networking Systems and traditional physical systems. (Building

as a Network)

37

Integrated Dashboards Centralized Policy

Management

Historical & Real-time Reporting Alarms & Alerts

Navigation Work-order Mgmt

Policy & Scheduling

Monitor Control

Device Abstraction & Adapter

Framework

Multiple Buildings / Communication

Protocols

Device Modeling with Location

AwarenessFoundation

Actions

Features

Experience

Analyze

Energy Efficiency SW Smart Spaces

Trouble TicketsRBAC Corrective Maintenance

Preventive Maintenance


Interactive Media

Digital Signage

Wireless

Tenant Services

High Speed Internet

Unified Communications

IP Telephony

Building Systems

HVAC Sensors

Fire Control

Elevators

Lighting

Energy Management

Video Security

Maintenance Management

24/7 Monitoring

Monitoring Control

Submit

Dashboards


• Whole Office Sustainable Environment

• Comfort & Productivity as a Dimension

• Plug Loads – Build into Every Socket in Building

• All Environmental Parameters (Multi-Modal)

Temperature

Humidity

Light

Noise

IAQ

Water

• Optimized Dashboard for Monitoring & Control @

Individual End-User Level

Zone / Floor Level

Building Level


• Wireless Sensor Networks

• Energy & Environmental Data

View, Compare, Share

• Analytics

Prediction

Energy Savings Strategies

Operational Optimization

• Real-time Information / “Pulse”

42


A Case for Increasing Building Energy Efficiency and Employee Productivity

• IT systems and applications that form an important constituent of the buildings such as wired and wireless networks, IP telephony, and digital signage systems

• Core building systems like lighting, elevators, HVAC, and security systems

• Over 150 very detailed software solution requirements were developed and implemented

Traditional Building

SystemsIT Systems & Applications

Lighting IP telephony

HVAC Calendaring Software

In-room projectors Trouble Ticketing systems

Blinds Digital signage


• Study Energy Technology OptionsFuel Cell

Wind

Solar PV

Electric Grid

• Using Building Management System, Identify, Monitor and Analyze all Energy Loads in Building (using sensors)

HVAC

Lighting

Appliances

IT / Plug Loads

Other

• Optimize - Map Energy Demand Patterns versus Energy Supply for Optimal Results


Building as a MicroGrid

Trends


A “Smart” Building

Next Gen Ideas / Technologies


1

2

3

4

5


Energy is a growing cost item and a mission-critical commodity for many organizations today, therefore its efficiency is a critical component of a sustainability strategy whilst offering favorable business benefits.

Challenges & Opportunities

Energy consumption is a significant operational expense

item for most industries and buildings making up about

20% of overall operating costs.

While there is a growing need for energy efficiency, most

organizations:

• Do not have a strategic approach to energy

management

• Do not understand their most energy consuming assets

• Do not actively manage energy efficiently or effectively

• Do not understand what technologies are available to

drive energy efficiency

Why Buildings?

• Buildings consume ~40% of the world’s energy – far

more than what is used in other areas such as

transportation

• Regardless of age, nearly every building wastes

energy.

Why Information Technology?

• IT enables unprecedented efficiencies for many core

business functions and the real estate portfolio is no

exception

• Building systems and solutions are the last to migrate

to IP, yet are instrumental in controlling energy spend

• Analytics enables the analysis of millions of data points

per day from existing equipment to identify

improvements to building operational efficiency


Real Estate

Facility

Sustainability

Projects

Operations

Identifies Hidden Costs Key Metrics Savings

• Inefficient and high-cost

properties

• Un-exercised option rights

• Lease overpayments

• Reduce spend on space

• Reduce space needs via

consolidation

• Increase utilisation

• Eliminate project delays

• Reduce schedule over-runs

• Reduce budget over-runs

• Improve on-time delivery

• Reduce facility down-time

• Improve facility performance

• Improve service delivery

• Increase client satisfaction

• Reduce facility energy use

• Reduce carbon emissions

• Identify environmental

projects

• RE utilisation

• Vacancy rate

• Abnormal changes

• Timing opportunities

• Total occupancy costs

• Space per employee

• Vacancy rate / density

• Project cycle time

• Resource allocation

• Project pipeline

• Project variances

• Cost of operations

• Customer satisfaction

• Manpower imbalances

• Warranty entitlements

• Total energy use / unit area

• Total emissions / unit area

• Emissions (carbon)

intensity / unit area

Reduce Real Estate costs by

10%

Reduce Facility costs by 15%

Reduce Project costs by 5%

Reduce Maintenance costs

by 8%

Reduce Energy costs by

20+%

Energy Operations

• Continuous performance

monitoring

• Reduce maintenance costs

• Reduce energy usage

•Real time equipment performance

•Maintenance cost / unit area

• Energy use /unit area

Increase Maintenance

efficiency by 50+%


High-Speed Internet

IP Telephony

Audio / Video Conferencing

Interactive media

Visitor management

Remote Site Mobility-VPN

Wireless Mobility

Digital signage

HVAC

Fire

24/7 Monitor

Video Surveillance

Elevators

Lighting

Energy

Access

IT Systems / Applications Building Systems

Adapted / Modified from CISCO


“The Skin”

Dense sensor network on

building surface and

embedded in the

systems and materials

“The Skeleton”

The physical bricks and

mortar of the building

“The Nervous System”

The IP / Communciations

Network

“The Brain”

A policy engine at the

center of the information

systems

“The Muscles”

The devices and

subsystems attached to

the network

“The Circulatory System”

The electrical system

The Living Building

Adapted / Modified from CISCO


• Variety of Building Functions / Sub-Systems all of which

coordinate with one another

• Sub-systems, components & devices which have nodes,

end points and behave like a network in terms of their

end use characteristics and interactivity with other

nodes.

• “System of Systems” or a “network of networks”

• “Internet of Things” (IoT) for Buildings.

• All with SUSTAINABILITY in context


Intelligent

Collaborative

ExperientialSecure

Sustainable

Recognizes you and customizes itself

based on your preferences

Ensures that you stay connected to

the right people & the right

information in real time

Delivers goodness in the way you

work & live

Uses hard & soft resources optimally

while increasing productivity

Assures both information &

physical security at all times

51


Thank You

Prof. Sekhar KondepudiSmart Buildings, Smart Cities & IoT Lab@NUS

National University of Singapore

E [email protected]

M : +65 9856 6472 O : +65 6601 2819

“Be the change you want to see in the world” - GANDHI

mailto:[email protected]

smart and green buildings - the role of contractors · smart and green buildings - the role of...

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