small wind installers, education and case studies
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Small Wind Installers, Education and Case Studies. Trudy Forsyth [email protected] National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Farm. Industry. Residential. Business. Schools. Presentation Outline. Power in the wind Sensitivities of micro-siting Certified NABCEP installers - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Small Wind Installers, Education and Case Small Wind Installers, Education and Case StudiesStudies
Trudy Forsyth Trudy Forsyth [email protected]@nrel.gov
National Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Laboratory
Industry
Residential
Business
Farm
Schools
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Presentation Outline
• Power in the wind• Sensitivities of micro-siting• Certified NABCEP installers• How to find out about wind installer/windsmith education• Net metering• Turbine cost trends• Case Studies of distributed wind turbines
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Calculation of Wind PowerCalculation of Wind Power
• Power in the wind = ½ A V3
– Effect of wind speed, V
– Effect of rotor diameter on swept area, A
– Effect of elevation and temperature on air density,
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Importance of “Micro-Siting”Importance of “Micro-Siting”
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Capacity FactorCapacity Factor
Capacity Factor =
kWh produced per year/(Prated * 8760 hours/year)
• Prated – rated power of the wind turbine– Small Wind Turbines have wide variation
• Used to judge the site more than the turbine• Can be evaluated across any period of time
– Yearly, monthly or weekly• Capacity Factor – typically ranges from 10 – 40%
– Small wind 9-22%– Distributed wind 15-30%– Windfarm 28-42%
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4.4% capacity factor 4.4% capacity factor in first year of operationin first year of operation
(July 2007)(July 2007)
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Estimated 7% capacity factor Estimated 7% capacity factor in first 5 months of operationin first 5 months of operation
(December, 2006 – April, 2007)(December, 2006 – April, 2007)
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NWTC site NWTC site
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Difference in energy resourceDifference in energy resourceNWTC – Boulder, CONWTC – Boulder, CO
49%
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The zone of friction
—’ground drag’—between the earth and the
atmosphere
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Congratulations to the first installers
NABCEP – Small Wind Update
NABCEP Certified Small Wind Installers™
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How to become a Small Wind How to become a Small Wind Installer/Windsmith?Installer/Windsmith?
• Are you a ‘farm’ kid?
• Able to work in all types of weather, 24/7 if needed
• Can you find creative ways to solve problems?
• Are you comfortable at heights?
• Do you want to live in rural America?
• Go to www.windpoweringamerical.gov, look for education
• Colby Community College – Colby, KS
• Northeast Community College – Norfolk, NE
• Western NE Community College – Scottsbluff, NE
• Northeaster Junior College, - Sterling, CO
• Western IA Technical Community College – Esterville, IA
• Cloud County Community College – Concordia, KS
• Midwest Renewable Energy Association
• Go to www.nabcep.org
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02770329
Load
Meter
InverterAC
Windturbine
On-Grid Wind System without Storage
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Net Metering of Renewable EnergyNet Metering of Renewable Energy
Energy consumedimmediately: retail rate
Excess energy used to offset consumption at another time, typically that month or billing cycle: retail rate
Net excess energy typically determined monthly and annually: retail rate, avoided cost, or granted to the utility
02770316
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Net Metering
State policy
Voluntary utility program(s) only
www.dsireusa.org / October 2011
*State policy applies to certain utility types only (e.g., investor-owned utilities)
WA: 100
OR: 25/2,000*co-ops & munis:
10/25
CA: 1,000*
MT: 50*
NV: 1,000*
UT: 25/2,000*
AZ: no limit*
ND: 100*
NM: 80,000*
WY: 25*
HI: 100KIUC: 50
CO: no limitco-ops & munis:
10/25OK: 100*
MN: 40
LA: 25/300
AR: 25/300
MI: 150*WI: 20*
MO: 100
IA: 500*
IN: 1,000*
IL: 40*
FL: 2,000
KY: 30*
OH: no limit*
GA: 10/100
WV: 25/50/500/2,000
NC: 1,000*
VT: 20/250/2,200
VA: 20/500*
NH: 100MA:
60/1,000/2,000/10,000*RI: 5,000*
CT: 2,000*
NY: 10/25/500/1,000/2,000*
PA: 50/3,000/5,000*
NJ: no limit*
DE: 25/100/2,000co-ops & munis:
25/100/500 MD: 2,000
DC: 1,000
Note: Numbers indicate individual system capacity limit in kW. Some limits vary by customer type, technology and/or application. Other limits might also apply. This map generally does not address statutory changes until administrative rules have been adopted to implement such changes.
NE: 25
KS: 25/200*
ME: 660co-ops & munis:
100
PR: 25/1,000
AK: 25*
43 states + DC & PR
have adopted a net metering
policy
43 states + DC & PR
have adopted a net metering
policy
DC
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Wind Turbine Cost per kWincluding turbine, tower, and inverter
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Rated Power, kW
$2,500-$5,500/kW
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Example:Example:Wind Turbine Installed CostWind Turbine Installed Cost
Red highlights = Turbine System CostRed highlights = Turbine System CostUpdated: 5-Jul-07
High Cost Low Cost
Wind turbine & inverter $27,900 $27,900 $27,900
Tower (100 ft guyed) $9,200 $31,950 $7,400
Tower Wiring Kit $1,000 $1,140 $860
Shipping $1,500 $2,000 $1,000
Installation $8,000 $18,000 $2,000
Permits/Fees $500 $6,000 $0
Sales Tax, 2% $952 9% none
Total $49,052 $94,279 $39,160
Bergey Excel-S (10 kW)
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Small Wind EconomicsSmall Wind Economics
Bergey Excel on 100ft TowerBergey Excel on 100ft Tower
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Wind Turbines at FarmsWind Turbines at Farms
• Wind turbines can be installed at farms to offset electricity purchases from the local utility
• The economics depend in large part on the availability of net metering and the use of a single part electric rate (no demand charge)
• The economics are generally not favorable for very large agricultural facilities to use wind generation due to two part rates and the lack of net metering for large facilities
• Farmer-owned 1500 kW wind turbine by Armstrong, Iowa sells all power to utility rather than using it for large nearby hog farrowing operation
Farmer-owned 1500 kW wind turbine by Armstrong, Iowa
Farmer-owned 65 kW wind turbine in Southeast Iowa used for hog CAFOs
Farmer-owned 12.5 kW wind turbine in Southern Minnesota
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Localized Growth Localized Growth San Bernardino County, CASan Bernardino County, CA
• Guasti Construction – started in 2000 with first small turbine installation – ½ Full Time Equivalent (FTE)
• Worked the local zoning and interconnection issues• As of 12/07 – installed 116 turbines (114 in San Bernardino County)
– 6 ¾ FTE• As of 2Q10, installed over 160 small wind systems
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Montana cattle and wheat ranchMontana cattle and wheat ranch
Bergey Excel wind turbine 10 kW, 22 ft rotor, 100 ft tower
•Turbine installed September, 2003
•Installed Cost: $36,850
•USDA & state rebates: $20,000
•Reported production: 11,000 kWh/yr
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Jerome Middle School Wind TurbineJerome Middle School Wind Turbine(Jerome, ID)(Jerome, ID)
• (1) Skystream 2.4 kW turbine
• Installed November 2008
• Jerome Middle School received a Wind For Schools $4,600 grant through Boise State and the Tidwell Foundation to offset the turbine cost.
• The school solicited the following local companies to donate time & materials in order to reduce the cost of installation:Starr Corporation - Foundation kit $373, Concrete $1000, Re-bar $600, Forming material $150, Equipment for digging foundation $320, Labor for foundation $2000.
H & H Utility - Crane $3000, Pulling wires, Meter, Installation of Turbine
Portneuf Electrical - 1800 ft (3 wire 600 ft each) 4 gauge, 600 ft bare wire (no insulation) 8 gauge $1500.
Power by Jake (Jake Cutler) - Licensed Electrician $360
• In the end, Jerome Middle School paid ~ $3,720 for the turbine tower & various permits.
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IBEW Local 103 – Martin Aikens IBEW Local 103 – Martin Aikens
• Fuhrlander 100 kW - Henry DuPont• $540,000 total project costs – ½ paid
by MTC• Located at IBEW training center• Wanted to showcase wind in support
of Cape Wind project – 3 years of 700 electrician jobs during installation + future O&M
• 100 kW system put in to support large projects and the jobs they represent.
• Train workers in wind technology related electrical issues.
• Project located in Boston on busiest commuter route in or out of city.
• Boston 5th largest media market in US.
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Senior Housing Complex (Winter Harbor, ME)Senior Housing Complex (Winter Harbor, ME)
• Bergey Excel 10-kW turbine• Installed August 2007• Reduces energy costs for residents of a
subsidized elderly housing complex• Entirely funded by a federal Residential
Energy Assistance Challenge (REACH) grant • Wind turbine and tower cost $40,190• Installation cost $24,346• 3-year maintenance package included • Town debated: Is the wind turbine a tower
(not subject to zoning) or a structure (regulated by zoning)?
• Verdict: turbine is NOT a structure
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Hyannis Country Garden (Hyannis, MA)Hyannis Country Garden (Hyannis, MA)
• (1) 100 kW Northwind 100
• Project commissioned in December 2008
• Total cost for turbine was ~ $486,000
• Project received a $225,000 grant from the Massachusetts Renewable Energy Trust
• Also received a $46,500 grant from the United States Department of Agriculture
• The turbine is projected to generate the equivalent of $30,000 to $35,000 in electricity/yr
• The remaining $214,500 is expected to be paid back within 5-7 yrs
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Case Study: On-Grid Farm
• Southwestern Kansas
• Utility bill reduction
• Bergey Windpower Excel turbine10 kW, 23 ft rotor, 100 ft tower
• ~21,000 kWh/year generation, utility bill savings ~$2,800/year
• Installed in early 1983, ~$20,000, received federal tax credit
• Maintenance costs $50/year
• One lightning strike, damage was covered by farm insurance
• One blade was replaced
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Byers Auto Group Wind TurbinesByers Auto Group Wind Turbines(Columbus & Delaware County, OH)(Columbus & Delaware County, OH)
• Proven Energy 15 kW – Delaware County, OH. Dedicated on November 19, 2010.
• Northern Power Systems 100 kW – Columbus, OH. Dedicated on October 22, 2010.
• Idea originated while constructing new Toyota showroom at the Delaware County location
• Partially funded through an Ohio Department of Development Grant for $200,000 and the Section 1603 of the Federal Tax Code that provided one-third of the total project cost in the form of a line item tax credit.
• Total cost of nearly $600,000 for both installations. • Columbus turbine Zoning and Permitting process -
city used existing language pertaining to cellular towers.
• Delaware County Zoning and Permitting process – group presented project to Delaware Planning Commission before receiving permission to install.
• Renier Construction and Architectural Alliance secured all building permits that were needed to begin construction
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Charles City, IA - On-Grid Farm
• Tjaden family farm – Charles City, IA
• Bonus 450 kW – bought used on internet
• O% loan from Iowa Energy Center,
• Assumed $2,500/year O&M
• Assumed 800,000 kWh
• Simple Payback of 6.5 years with $20 – 25,000 annual gross income
• USDA Farm bill grant - $49k
• 1.8 cents/kWh PTC, 1.5 cents/kWh IA tax credit
• Selling kWh to Generation Transmission Company - REC
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Bent Conservation District (CO)Bent Conservation District (CO)
• Owned by (4) ag producers in Bent County
• Online Spring/Summer 2009• (2) Skystream 1.8 kW turbines
(2) Endurance 5 kW turbines• Bent County Conservation District
applied for a USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service grant in 2007
• The $75,000 was awarded in 2008• The grant allowed the district to
provide 50% of the cost to install all four turbines
• The project has saved one of the farmers ~40% on their monthly electric bill
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For More InformationFor More Information
- Wind Powering America – www.windpoweringamerica.gov - American Wind Energy Association – www.awea.org - Community Wind - Windustry - www.windustry.org - Incentives – www.dsireusa.org- Small Wind Certification Council- www.smallwindcertification.org- North American Board of Certified Energy Practioners –
www.nabcep.org- Home Power Magazine www.homepower.com
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