small towns as centers of rural micro-regions prepared by : michaela töröková (ibac fem )...
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Small towns as centers of rural micro-regions
Prepared by : Michaela Töröková (IBAC FEM )
According to:
Vaishar A. , Zapletalová J. : European Countryside, Volume 1, Number 2 / 2009
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Basic terms:
• Counter – urbanization = is the process by which people and employment move out of large settled areas to smaller ones - a process of decentralisation
• Czechia = Czech Republic
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• Human capital = the set of skills which an employee acquires on the job, through training and experience, and which increase that employee's value in the marketplace
• Hinterland= A region remote from urban areas
A region situated beyond metropolitan centers of culture.
• Periphery = it refers to an area of low or declining economic development
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• Small towns = a community of people
smaller than a town
• Sub-urbanization = a suburb is a section of the city whose main role is residency for workers of the city. Suburbanisation is the process whereby residential sections of the city expand
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1. Introduction
• Almost none rural settlement exists separately with its own detached local market of jobs and services
• In central European conditions we have micro-regions (centre of rural space with small town + surrounding villages )
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Small town Functions: - services of the basic urban level- jobs- social contacts - occasions to travel outside the micro-region - service of state administration - sometimes identity of the micro-region
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Aim
Analyse the role and position of Moravian small towns as centers of rural hinterlands in different types of region.
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Morava
Consists of : - urban and sub-urban regions- two larger cities Brno, Ostrava- two bigger rivers Dyje , Svratka- lowlands and peripheral mountains - the research had been done in 2005 it took
researchers 8 years - nowadays the research is doing by Mendel
University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno
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2. Role of Small Towns in the Settlement System
• small towns still play an important role in European peripheral regions with absence of big and medium towns
• nowadays when agriculture is being repleced with multifunctional countryside in geographical point of view , the attention must be pay more to small towns
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• Styria 1998 in Murau – The first scientific symposium organized by ECOVAST
( European Council of Village and Small Towns )
Here was discussion about general problems of the small towns in relation to the countryside .
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• After transformation ( in post- socialist Czechia ) the economy changed from centrally- planned to the market oriented economy
• The research is focused mainly on post- socialist countires
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Research
• In the Czech geography small towns are not so important in interest of researchers
• Small towns are studied as a part of larger regions
• Geography of peripheral areas has been developed at Charles University in Prague
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3. Small Town Investigation Approach
Small towns play an important position in the Czech settlement system
population size type inhabitants %
5 -1 999 Rural communes 2 672 825 26.0
2 000 - 19 999 Small towns 2 983 560 29.0
20 000 – 99 999 Medium-scale towns
2 489 927 24.1
100 000 and more
Big cities 2 146 621 20.9
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History ( Small towns )
• In the past in Czech was lack of urban capital
• Czech industralization was based on noblemen investments
• In the socialist period it was politics of decentralization
• Nowadays is era of suburbanization and counter- urbanization and this keep the role of small towns in settlement system
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3 basic types of small towns
I. Small Towns in the hinterlands of big cities
II. The small towns in well- accessible landscape of fertile Moravian lowlands
III. Small towns in peripheral positions
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II. The small towns in well- accessible landscape of fertile Moravian
lowlands Moravian lowlands consists of:- regular network of small towns and big villages- every settlement has own independent local
market - big and medium towns are good accessible from
villages - rural people in lowlands can satisfy their needs - advice for this type of towns is to focused on
industry, education, health- care, tourism
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III. Small towns in peripheral positions
- This towns are in difficult situation because they have natural borderland, mountains
- Their disadvantage is preconditioned by difficult accessibility due to hilly relief
- In this area is a big number of small villages not very far from one another
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- Villages hardly have one market
- These villages are dependent on their small towns which offer ensure job opportunities, services, social contacts, transfer points for travelling and etc.
- This villages are poor with lack of investments
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4. Small towns as Centres of Rural Micro- Regions
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Issues of peripheral small towns:
- The big problem and disadvantage is lack of investments (people give to investors interesting offers but they are not enthusiasm because of problems like transport of raw materials and production)
- The periphery is poor ( business people cannot expect benefits )
- A fall of the economic power
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Real example how can be peripheral
small town used for the business
This example is from pre - war Moravia.
The town Zlín has peripheral (narrow valley and river Drevnice) position and had about 3 000 inhabitants.
Tomáš Baťa started there his business activities.
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He used a cheap labour force , cheap prices of land and better position in negotiation with local authorities.
He was elected a mayor of Zlin and head of the big shoemaking empire.
Zlin became to the centre of eastern Moravia.
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5. Future of Moravian Rural Space with Small Towns
I. The second demographic transition II. Suburbanization and counter-
urbanization III. Globalization
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IV. Continuation of transfer the jobs from
productive to non-productive sectors
V. Increasing value of leisure , environment, space, security ect. for inhabitants.
VI. Decreasing importance of the state border as a barrier of development
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6. Investigating Small Towns within Rural Research
• The rural hinterlands play a role of micro-regional market of small towns. We must have in connection small towns and hinterland.
• The relation between small towns and rural settlements in their hinterlands should be of great attention. (important aspects: position with regard to regional centres, natural conditions regarding to micro-region development)
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• The Czech structure of administration is
typical with a high number of communes.
• 59.1 % of communes have less than 500 inhabitants and 26.5 % have even less than 200 inhabitants
• The weakness of self – governance in small communes is solved by creation of voluntary association of communes as legal subject with small towns as their centres as a rule
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• The eastern European rural space is influenced by globalization very slowly but step by step.
• For rural space it is very important era and hopefully we can expect a very successful
solutions and changes.
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Thank you for your attention!!!