small fruit session...• preliminary leaf water potential range of lowbush blueberry: 1.6 mpa =...
TRANSCRIPT
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Small Fruit Session
1:00Welcome; Moisture Management in Maine Lowbush Blueberry Lily Calderwood - University of Maine
1:15Water Management and Soil Health for Strawberry Production Nate Nourse - Nate Nourse Consulting
1:30 Soil Moisture Monitoring in Highbush Blueberries Ben Waterman - Waterman Orchards
1:45 The Impact of Water on Disease Pressure Alicyn Smart - University of Maine
2:00 Discussion
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Moisture Managementin Lowbush (Wild) Blueberry
Dr. Lily Calderwood Wild Blueberry Specialist
University of Maine Cooperative ExtensionSchool of Food and Agriculture
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Most fields are not irrigated.
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In a drought year, berries fall through the rake. 30% crop loss in 2017.
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Blueberry Patchwork
• Diverse fields• 1500 individuals/field• 40,000 acres in Maine• Range of drought tolerance
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Shallow Soil
• Podzol• 2-3 inch OM• 10-12% OM• Sand/gravel below
Can go from saturated to drought conditions in 30 hours
How do farmers overcome this VERY well draining soil?
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1. Increase Water Holding Capacity of Soil
A. Soft wood mulch • Low pH • Holds water• Builds OM
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1. Increase Water Holding Capacity of Soil
B. Mowing• Holds water• Builds OM
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2. Irrigation (only on large farms)• 0.5 – 1.0 inch required per week (Hunt 2006)• Guns used for frost protection in May during bloom • Guns used for irrigation in June and July • Significant sand + gravel aquifers below (reliable source)
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Nelson Automated Guns
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Research from the 1950’s showing increase in growth with irrigation. (Hunt 2006)
Non-IrrigatedIrrigated
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Can We Predict Plant Stress Using Drones? 2019 First Year of Study• Irrigated Field (Airport 77 acres) and Non-irrigated Field (Baxter 40 acres)• Spectral and thermal drone flown at 175 – 200 ft • On-ground data collection: pest scouting, leaf temp, soil moisture,
photosynthesis • Flight and on-ground collection dates:
Early May: baseline flightMid May/Early June: Peak BloomLate June: Green FruitEarly July: Color BreakEarly August: Pre-harvest
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Ground and Air Sampling
Irrigated
Non-Irrigated
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Elevation
Non-Irrigated
Irrigated
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Thermal
Dark red = warmWhite = cold
Non-Irrigated
Irrigated
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NDVI Healthy plant = 0.7
Non-Irrigated
Irrigated
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Yellow = wetPurple = dry
Moisture Stress Index
Non-Irrigated
Irrigated
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Leaf
Wat
er P
oten
tial
Leaf Temperature Graph: Y. Zhang
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Observations to Date
• Variable on ground data• Wet spring dried out in July-Aug
• Irrigation did not make a difference in 2019
• Leaf temp may be a good predictor of leaf water potential• Preliminary leaf water potential range of lowbush blueberry:
1.6 Mpa = moist to -2.0 Mpa = dry
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Thank You!
Dr. Yong Zhang, UMaine Plant PhysiologistDr. Matt Wallhead, UMaine ExtensionWyman’s of Maine UMaine Research Reinvestment Fund
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Water Use in Wild Blueberry
• Wymans 6.4.19• NDVI scale -1 to 1 (healthy). 0.7 is a healthy plant• MSI = moisture stress index (there are many out there)• Ortho = natural cover • DEM = elevation• Irrigated = right, Airport• Nonirrigated = left, Baxter check• Variable on ground data, leaf temp was a good predictor of leaf water
potential. Leaf water potential range: John has a graph showing 1.6 = moist -2 = dry