Slum Networking Program

Ishaan (UP1911) | Saurabh (UP2012)| Nikita (UP2212) |Anjali (UP2412)

Slum networking project

• Slum Networking is a community driven approach which sees slums not as resource draining liabilities, but as opportunities of sustainable change for the city as a whole

• It is an innovative concept, which exploits the linkage between the slums and the natural drainage paths that influence the urban infrastructure and environment of the city.

• Slum networking is an integrated upgrading scheme wherein the city building process is used to transform the slums into settlements while mainstreaming the poor into the urban population.

• Indore SNP is a holistic approach to a community based sanitation and environment improvement program.

Indore, MP

ClimateAnnual rainfall 750mm. During monsoon season rivers are sometimes flooded, while other times they serve as narrow sewage discharge channels

LocationSituated on the western part of Malwa plateau on the banks of Khan and Saraswati rivers.

Topography• Indore’s average

altitude is 550m. • All slums are on the

slopes along the banks of rivers

Architecture• Indore slums are not crowded

like others, but were impregnable from exterior with pockets of open community space inside.

• Rivers meet at the center of the city, the historical chatri, where hindu temples and palaces are located

Why Slum Networking Project?• Sewer lines built in 1936 served only 5% of the population

and 10% of the city.

• All solid waste and city sewage were discharged into khan and saraswati rivers.

• Poor health and unhygienic conditions were prevailing in the area.

• Ironically, all the slums were along the river.

• About 28% of total population lives in slums. There are a total 183 slums within the networking system

Where was it implemented?

Program

Objective of slum networking• Improve the overall quality of life of the urban poor in terms of health, education, skill upgrading and access to finance for shelter improvement and income generation.• Mobilisation of material resources for the development of the settlements.• Transform the sanitation and environment of the entire slum matrix of cities within a set time scale.• Converge the strengths of the communities, economic forces of the city and the government for the planning and implementation of the program.

FormulationLaunched in March 1989 by IDA and financial assistance was provided by Overseas Development administration(ODA) of British Government.

• Improving sanitation and the environment.• Upgrading city drainage system by using slum

network as starting point .• Linkage between old city sewerage with the new

pipe sanitation.• Channelling the clean treated water into nearly

dying rivers.

Functional Assessment

Philosophical Framework• The approach was from the designing body together with

community participation from building of houses to maintaining them. Also many NGO’s were involved in the whole process.

• Views and suggestions of the residents were also taken into consideration.

• The network created by the infrastructure resulted in housing upgradation through the following physical improvements: roads and footpaths, storm drainage, sanitation and sewerage, water supply, earthworks and landscaping, street lighting management and the removal of solid waste

• A community hall was built for social, economic, cultural and educational improvement.

Users28% of the slum population.The whole city in terms of riverfront and the environment

Technical Assessment

A key technique in the project was lowering the mud roads before paving them. The lowered streets and pathways serve as natural drainage channels during heavy rainstorms as well as reduce the effects of dust and mud.

Concrete roads are cheaper to build and easier to clean, the technology is simple and residents can take part in the construction process.

flies. Once the piped sewerage system was built, it was possible to clean the rivers, restore historic riverside structures and landscape the banks

Prior to the improvement program, the polluted waterways were breeding grounds for mosquitos and

Local Government• Overall

framework• Finance• City

Infrastructure• Maintenance• Convergence of

other Programmmes

Local Industries• Finance• Slum Infrastructure• Community

Development

Consultants• Technical Support• Planning & Design• Implementation

COMMUNITY• Finance• Control

• Maintenance

Financial/ Bilateral Institutions• Finance• Training Support

NGO’s • Community

Savings• Health• Education• Training support

Government Org.(State Level/ Central)• Legislative Framework• Networking at various

levels

Implementation Structure

Result of SNP• A cleaner city• The mainstreaming of urban settlement growth.• The regulation of sewage and waste management.• A landscaped garden with fountains for aeration created by the

flow of treated water through the river.• The revitalisation of the historical heritage in the city centre• 20 slums have reached 100 percent literacy level.• A beautiful riverfront of 2km was built making a recreation

space at a city level together with arcade shopping which generated revenue

Weakness of Indore habitat project…

• The project was financed from a grant given by Overseas Development Administration. U.K. Although the community contributed substantiality in terms of house improvements and paying for community services, nevertheless, replicating of a grant based project can always be questioned.

• Solid waste component of the project was weak undermining the excellent work done in other areas of environmental sanitation.

• Community development activities and physical works did not always run in tandem.

Learnings• Community based participation.

• Understanding the ground issues and taking suggestions from the residents.

• Including the slum into the urban fabric of the city.

• Conserving the heritage aspect of the city which was depleting.

• Transforming Slums and Transcending Poverty without Aid with an Innovative Water and Sanitation Paradigm

Ahmedabad- ‘Parivartan’• An integrated approach to development is steadily

reaping results in Ahmedabad, Gujarat’s largest city.• Slum communities, as target beneficiaries, have

joined hands with government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector to improve the slums and mainstream them with the city. Parivartan (Change), as the project has been christened, is changing the lives of slum dwellers, who now have better access to water, sanitation, education, health, and livelihood opportunities. Thirty-four slum areas covering approximately 11,500 households have already benefited from the initiative, which is currently under way in another 13 areas.

Source• http://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-166249

• www.akdn.org/architecture/pdf/1826_Ind.pdf

• hydrologie.org/ACT/Marseille/works-pdf/wchp4-8.pdf

• http://www.changemakers.com/sustainableurbanhousing/entries/slum-networking-transforming-slums-and-transcending

• Report: Slum networking of Indore city, Indore, India- 1998 Technical Review summary by Lailun Nahar Ekram

THANK YOU…

The Governing principles of the National slum policies are:1. Endorse an upgrading and improvement approach in all slums. 2. To ensure access to basic minimum services to these settlements. 3. “Slum-less cities”, the goal of all urban planning for social and

economic development.4. Emphasis on equity and distributive justice. 5. Ensure continuous supply/recycling of serviced and semi-serviced

land suitable for high density occupation by lower income groups. 6. To empower poor by capacity building to improve their own living

conditions. 7. To ensure access to affordable land, house sites and services. 8. To encourage community participation in capacity building.

http://www.housingscience.org/html/publications/pdf/34-2-6.pdf