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8/4/2019 Slides Kristel

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Audio-Visual Material


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A slides/tape, one of the simplest audio-visual electronic media is comprised of anumber of slides and (a) cassette tape(s)on which explanation and/or backgroundmusic and sound effects are recorded.

By simultaneously showing slides and

playing back the recording, enjoyablelearning through eye and ear is madepossible.


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A topic can be impressively presented

to a large group of people through thisentertaining medium.

Slides/tape presentations can be veryeffective in motivating viewers.

Then, through follow-up supplementary

material and discussion, an instructionalcapability can also be realized.


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As electricity, slide projector, and

cassette tape player are required

and a dark condition must bemaintained during presentation,places and situations where

slides/tape can be utilized arelimited.


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Select a topic which is mostsuitable for slide projection aftercareful consideration.

There are no limitations as towhat can be treated as a topic,

but a topic which lends itselfwell to projection should bechosen to yield a most effectiveslides & tape.


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Slides are ideal for motivating viewersthrough strong impressions deliveredin an enjoyable fashion, but do not

effectively serve to present technicalinformation.

Slides/tape can be made by anyonewho can handle a camera using slidefilm.


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List items comprising content ofselected topic.

Due to attention span limitations on thepart of viewers and durability

considerations for equipment, slide-shows of approximately 15 minutesand 50 slides are most desirable.


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Arrange items in proper order as anoutline.

As each slide with its accompanyingnarration sound effects is succeededby a new item (slide plus sound),

including too many items invitesconfusion.


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The effectiveness of slides/tape forneo-literate education is said to

be determined by the quality ofnarration.

(1) Begin writing narration for eachscene, following outline.


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a) In narration, use words easily understoodupon hearing. Avoid difficult expressions,and rephrase difficult specialized

terminology using easily recognizedwords.

b) To maintain viewer's interest andinvolvement and to maintain anentertaining mood, devise the slides/tape

to incorporate a story-like progression.


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c) Include onomatopoeia, poetry,

songs, etc. for fullest effect.

Synchronize slides and narration

so that scenes and soundprogress together.


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Include key wordsand sentences inthe visuals in

slides and videoprogrammes sothat the materials

would also servefor acquiringliteracy directly.


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1) In coordination with the preparationof the narration, sketches of scenesconsidered necessary to accompany

the narration can be made.

2) With these sketches as reference,

materials and props necessary forthe scenes can be collected fromappropriate sources.


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3) Taking the slides

a) Take slides of necessary scenes andsituations.

b) Make use of relevant existing slides.c) Take slides of photographs and other

pictures, posters, charts, books, etc. asappropriate.


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d) In cases where topics cannot be sufficientlyrepresented through slide photography

alone, devise illustration and photograph itas a slide.

e) Title of slides/tape and indications of abruptchange in scene or situation are mostimpressed upon the viewers by use ofphoto graphed printed or written titlesalone.

f) A variety of things can be taken anddisplayed as slides. Be aware, however, ofcopyright clearance.


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1. Use clear, sharp slides. Colour slides aremost attractive.

2. Avoid crowding too many elements intoone slide scene.

3. Photograph the slides from a variety of

angles.4. Effectively alternate close-up and distant

scenes.


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5. Rather than focusing on objects andsituations alone, inclusion of slidesclearly showing human expressionslends more enjoyment to the

presentation.

By including in the slides/tape scenes of thetarget area and its people and dwellings,

the learners are drawn into the contentwith an at home feeling.


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1. Arrange the slides in the order of presentation andrun through them while reading the narration.a) Are slides and narration well coordinated? If not,

modify narration or use another slide for the saidscene.

b) Are there no slides for which narration is toolengthy?

c) Can all words and expressions used in narrationbe readily heard and understood?

d) Are slides of photographs, illustrations, titles ortext, distant and close scenery, things andevents, facial expression, etc. most effectivelyarranged in presentation order? (Successivedistant scenes or excess of text or chart slideslead to boredom.)


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Consider what kind of background music issuited to the slides and narration, and inwhich scenes sound effects should be

added.

2. Coordinate number of slides with desiredlength of presentation.

3. Make final decisions on titles and sub-titles.


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(1) Read through the narration inconjunction with the slides, gauging

time needed for each slide and thepresentation in its entirety. Read the

narration slowly and clearly.

(2) Recording


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a) Prepare two cassette tape recorders for

use.

b) While the background music is beingplayed back on one recorder, thenarrator reads the narration, with bothmusic and narration being recorded onthe second cassette recorder.


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Sound effects can be produced andrecorded along with music and narrationif not previously mixed.

Although the tape produced may not beof such good sound quality, it can be

attempted as many time as necessarywithout the help of a specialist.


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a) Work together with a recordingengineer to produce an open-reel

master tape in the studio.

b) Record cassette tape version from

open-reel master tape.


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With the assistance of the specialist,the resulting tape is of good soundquality and can achieve the effectenvisaged in planning. However, useof a studio and recording equipment

entails higher production costs.


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By Joan Kristel Evangelista

slides kristel

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