Chapter 1 – An Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology: Terms,

Planes, Cavities, and Regions of the Body

Slides by Coach MurrayImages: Various Sources

Distinguish anatomy and physiology Explain what anatomical position is Recall and contrast basic anatomical terms Use anatomical terms to describe body

sections, regions, and relative positions Identify the major body cavities and their

subdivisions

Chapter 1 Objectives

Anatomy – translated as “a cutting open”◦ Meaning = study of internal and external

structures AND the physical relationship among parts

◦ To summarize: names of parts, location, how they are related

Physiology ◦ Meaning = study of how living organisms perform

their vital functions◦ To summarize: exactly how they do what they do

Anatomy & Physiology - Pg 4

List From Simplest to Most Complex Tell Me Hint to start: smallest stable units of matter,

then smallest unit of life and up

Levels of Biological Organization

Organ Systems – Fig 1-2

Pg 9 – Major Organ list in Fig 1-2 names the parts, Function is summarized physiology

Pg 10 – Same thing on next page

Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular

Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive

Is maintaining a stable internal environment when exposed to harsh external environment

Is way more complex than shivering when cold or sweating when you are hot

Can involve multiple organs and sometimes multiple systems and can spans all biological organization

Sidenote: Do not get bogged down in memorizing this physiology in the text pgs 11-14

Homeostasis

Cranial (Cephalic) Caudal Anterior Posterior (Dorsal) Ventral Superior Inferior

Medial Lateral Proximal Distal Superficial Deep

Anatomical Direction– terms used to describe relative directional positions – location of one part of the body with respect to another part – Table 1-8 pg 19

A “plane” is an axis, you need 3 to describe a 3D object (See Fig 1-9)

To observe internal structures we refer to these three different planes or “slices” through the body (pg 20)◦ 1. Sagittal◦ 2. Transverse◦ 3. Frontal (or coronal)

Sectional Body Planes – Pg 19-20

Review Table 1-4 pg 20 Write yourself a detailed description for each of the 3 planes◦ 1. Sagittal◦ 2. Transverse◦ 3. Frontal (or coronal)

Sectional Body Planes – Pg 19-20

Body Planes – name that plane

A

B

C

Are Internal chambers that house organs

Protect from shock/bumps

Allow organs to change size

2 “major cavities”◦ Dorsal and Ventral◦ House all others

“Major” Body Cavities – pg 21

Within the Dorsal Cavity◦ Cranial and Spinal◦ Are 2 separate cavities

Body Cavities – Fig 1-10 pg 21

Within the Ventral Cavity1. Thoracic Cavity (chest)

Pleural cavities (2) – L& R: 1 cavity for each lung Mediastinum – contains pericardial – supports

esophagus, trachea, thymus, heart blood vessels Pericardial cavity – contains heart

2. Abdominopelvic Cavity (diaphragm to pelvis) Abdominal cavity – liver, stomach, spleen, small

intestine, most of large intestine Pelvic cavity – reproductive, bladder, distal large

intestine Peritoneal cavity

Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum

Body Cavities – Fig 1-10 and pg 21-22

Read 4-10◦ Introduction to Studying the Human Body◦ Relationship b/w Anatomy & Physiology◦ Levels of Organization

Read 15-18◦ Frames of Reference & Superficial Anatomy◦ Sectional Anatomy

Planes and Sections◦ Body Cavities

Read and Study Table 1-3 pg 19 All future assignments after 8/22 will be posted online:

◦ http://murraysanatomy.wikispaces.com/ANNOUCEMENTS

Assignment

Q: What is anatomical position? A: Standing erect, face forward, arms at

side, palms facing forward

Anatomical Position – pg 16

Anatomical Position – pg16

Supine – lying down, facing up in anatomical position

Prone – lying face down, facing down in anatomical position

Anatomical Regions Table 1-2 pg 18 Regions are more broad than landmarks Used professionally to describe general

areas of interest Abdomen and Pelvis using

◦ Abdominopelvic Quadrants – Fig 1-7a◦ Abdominopelvic Regions – Fig 1-7b

• Cephalic• Cervical• Thoracic• Brachial• Antebrachial• Carpal• Manual• Abdominal• Lumbar• Gluteal• Pelvic• Pubic• Inguinal• Femoral• Crural• Sural• Tarsal• Pedal• Plantar

Anatomical Regions See Table 1-2 pg 17

Summary of Key Topics Levels of Organization Anatomical Position Landmarks Regions and Quadrants Directional Terms Sectional Planes Body Cavities

Key Tables and Figures Table 1-2 pg 17 Body Regions Fig 1-7 pg 17 Abdominopelvic Quadrants

and Regions Table 1-3 pg 19 Directional Terms Fig 1-9 and Table 1-9 pg 20 Sectional Planes Fig 1-10 pg 21 – Ventral Body

Cavities/Subdivisions