[slideeshare] fiqh-course(batch-5-january 2016) -introdn #9a...

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

LESSON # 9a – (part 1)LESSON # 9a – (part 1)

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SPREAD OF ISLAM IN S.E. ASIASPREAD OF ISLAM IN S.E. ASIA

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

UPDATED – 23 UPDATED – 23 March 2016 March 2016

BATCH # 5 INTAKE – [ January - May 2016 ] Intermediate Level course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level course in English for Adults

conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

And say: O Lord! Increase for me my knowledgeAnd say: O Lord! Increase for me my knowledge


““Or do you think that you will enter Paradise while Or do you think that you will enter Paradise while

such [trial] has not yet come to you as came to such [trial] has not yet come to you as came to

those who passed on before you? They were those who passed on before you? They were

touched by poverty and hardship and were shaken touched by poverty and hardship and were shaken

until [even their] messenger and those who until [even their] messenger and those who

believed with him said, "When is the help of believed with him said, "When is the help of

Allah?" Unquestionably, the help of Allah is near.”Allah?" Unquestionably, the help of Allah is near.”

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 214Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 214))




“It is He (Allah) who sent His Messenger (Muhammad) with guidance

and the religion of truth (ISLAM)to manifest it over all religion. And

sufficient is Allah as Witness.”

(Qur’an: Fathu: 48: 28)



“Indeed, in this [Qur'an] is notification for a worshipping

people. And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], except as a

mercy to the worlds. Say, "It is only revealed to me that your god

is but one God; so will you be Muslims [in submission to Him]?"

(Qur’an: Anbiya’: 21: 106-108)



’But if they turn away, then say, "I have announced

to [all of] you equally. And I know not whether near

or far is that which you are promised. Indeed, He

(Allah) knows what is declared of speech, and He

knows what you conceal. And I know not; perhaps it is

a trial for you and enjoyment for a time."

(Qur’an: Anbiya: 21: 109-111)

““There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion. The

right course has become clear from the wrong. So whoever

disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah has grasped the most

trustworthy handhold with no break in it. And Allah is Hearing and

Knowing.""

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 256Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 256))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

““Who is better in speech than one who calls (men) to Allah, Who is better in speech than one who calls (men) to Allah,

works righteousness, and says "I am of those who bow in Islam"works righteousness, and says "I am of those who bow in Islam"

((Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 33Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 33))


““Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a contingent Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a contingent

from every expedition remained behind, they could devote from every expedition remained behind, they could devote

themselves to studies in religion (themselves to studies in religion (LIYA-TAFAQQAHU -FID-DEENLIYA-TAFAQQAHU -FID-DEEN) )

and admonish the people when they return to them― that thus and admonish the people when they return to them― that thus

they (may learn) to guard themselves (against evil).” they (may learn) to guard themselves (against evil).”

((Qur’an: Taubah: 9:122Qur’an: Taubah: 9:122))


“ “Verily those who truly fear Allah from among His Servants, Verily those who truly fear Allah from among His Servants,

those who have knowledge (those who have knowledge (AL-’ULAMAAL-’ULAMA): for Allah is ): for Allah is

Exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving.Exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving.““

((Qur’an: Fatir: 35: 28Qur’an: Fatir: 35: 28))


“ “ Allah will raise up, to (suitable) ranks (and degrees), those of Allah will raise up, to (suitable) ranks (and degrees), those of

you who believe and who have been granted Knowledge you who believe and who have been granted Knowledge

((UU-TUL-’ILMAUU-TUL-’ILMA): and Allah is well-acquainted with all ye ): and Allah is well-acquainted with all ye

do.”do.”

((Qur’an: Mujadilah: 58: 11Qur’an: Mujadilah: 58: 11))


““Those who listen to the Word, and follow the best (meaning) in it: Those who listen to the Word, and follow the best (meaning) in it:

those are the ones whom Allah has guided, and those are the onesthose are the ones whom Allah has guided, and those are the ones

endued with understanding.” endued with understanding.”

((Qur’an: Az-Zumar:39:18Qur’an: Az-Zumar:39:18))


He (Allah) grants wisdom to whom He pleases; and he to He (Allah) grants wisdom to whom He pleases; and he to

whom wisdom is granted receives indeed a benefit whom wisdom is granted receives indeed a benefit

overflowing; but none will grasp the message but men of overflowing; but none will grasp the message but men of

understandingunderstanding.“.“

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 269Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 269))


““And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger - And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger -

those will be with the ones upon whom Allah has those will be with the ones upon whom Allah has

bestowed favour of the prophets, the steadfast bestowed favour of the prophets, the steadfast

affirmers of truth, the martyrs and the righteous. affirmers of truth, the martyrs and the righteous.

And excellent are those as companions. That is the And excellent are those as companions. That is the

bounty from Allah, and sufficient is Allah as bounty from Allah, and sufficient is Allah as

Knower.”Knower.”

((Qur’an: an-Nisa’: 4: 69-70Qur’an: an-Nisa’: 4: 69-70))



“Indeed, this religion is easy (IN-NAD-DEENA-YUSRUN), and no one

will ever overburden himself in religion, except that it will overcome

him. So seek what is appropriate, and come as close as you can, and

receive the glad tidings (that you will be rewarded), and take it easy.“

(Hadith reported by Bukhary)

“Whomsoever that Allah wishes for him goodness, He will

make him a FAQIH (learned) in matters of the

religion(Deen); and for everything there is a pillar, and the

pillar of this religion is AL-FIQH – (the profound

understanding of the Deen); a learned scholar (of the Deen)

is more difficult upon satan than a thousand worshippers.”

((Reported by Bukhary and MuslimReported by Bukhary and Muslim))


““Whosoever sets out upon the path in which to seek knowledge Whosoever sets out upon the path in which to seek knowledge

((‘ILMA‘ILMA), Allah will make easy for him the path to Paradise.” ), Allah will make easy for him the path to Paradise.”

((Reported by Abu Daud & TirmidziReported by Abu Daud & Tirmidzi))


““The best ones amongst you is the person who makes you The best ones amongst you is the person who makes you

remember Allah when you look upon him; and whenever he remember Allah when you look upon him; and whenever he

speaks it increases you your knowledge (of the Deen), and with speaks it increases you your knowledge (of the Deen), and with

his deeds it inspires (motivates) you to strive for your his deeds it inspires (motivates) you to strive for your

Hereafter.”Hereafter.”

((Hadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.aHadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a.).)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

23

““He is not from my Ummah (community),He is not from my Ummah (community),

One who does not respect our elders, orOne who does not respect our elders, or

One who is not merciful (kind) to our young, and One who is not merciful (kind) to our young, and

One who do not know our One who do not know our ‘Ulama’ - ‘Ulama’ - Islamic scholars Islamic scholars

(and respect their rights ) .”(and respect their rights ) .”

((Hadith of our Prophet s.a.w. Reported by TabranyHadith of our Prophet s.a.w. Reported by Tabrany))


24

“A person is upon the religion (way of life)

of the ones (friends) he is close to,

therefore look to whom you (love to be) close to.”

(Hadith reported by Tirmidzi)


25

””Verily this is knowledge (contains the rules) of the Verily this is knowledge (contains the rules) of the DEENDEEN

(Religion), so look thoroughly into (Religion), so look thoroughly into

the person from whom you acquire the person from whom you acquire

(the knowledge of) your (the knowledge of) your DEENDEEN (Religion).” (Religion).”

Imam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rhm.a) advices and warns us Muslims:Imam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rhm.a) advices and warns us Muslims:


26

“ “Whosoever has an increase in knowledge without any increase Whosoever has an increase in knowledge without any increase

in his detachment (in his detachment (ZUHDZUHD) for the world, would not have any ) for the world, would not have any

increase with Allah except in his distancing himself further”increase with Allah except in his distancing himself further”

((Hadith reported by Dailami from ‘Ali ibn Abi Tolib r.aHadith reported by Dailami from ‘Ali ibn Abi Tolib r.a.).)


27

““He is not an ascetic (He is not an ascetic (ZAHIDZAHID) he who is detached (denounce) the ) he who is detached (denounce) the

dirham and dinar (i.e. money), but verily a true ascetic (dirham and dinar (i.e. money), but verily a true ascetic (ZAHIDZAHID) )

is one who detaches himself from all other is one who detaches himself from all other

except the Irresistable (except the Irresistable (Allah jallaajalaa-luhAllah jallaajalaa-luh)”)”

((Explanation of “Explanation of “ZUHDZUHD” by Ibn ‘Arabiy” by Ibn ‘Arabiy))


28

“ “He who does not exert abstinence (He who does not exert abstinence (WARA’)WARA’) while learning, God while learning, God

(Allah) the Almighty chastise [him] in one of three ways: (Allah) the Almighty chastise [him] in one of three ways:

[1] either deprives him of life in his youth, or [1] either deprives him of life in his youth, or

[2] exiles him into [far-off] regions, or [2] exiles him into [far-off] regions, or

[3] punishes him [by forcing him to enter] the service of the Sultan.”[3] punishes him [by forcing him to enter] the service of the Sultan.”

A SCHOLARS’ ADVICE FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”A SCHOLARS’ ADVICE FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”


"Verily Allah does not remove knowledge from the (hearts of the) Verily Allah does not remove knowledge from the (hearts of the)

people, rather he takes away knowledge by taking away its people, rather he takes away knowledge by taking away its

people (the true scholars – people (the true scholars – ‘ULAMA‘ULAMA), until there are no more ), until there are no more

scholars, the people then take leaders that are ignorant, and scholars, the people then take leaders that are ignorant, and

when they are asked, and give when they are asked, and give fatwas fatwas – religious rulings, (they – religious rulings, (they

give) without knowledge, so they misguide and are misguided.“give) without knowledge, so they misguide and are misguided.“

((Hadith reported by Ashaab as-Sunnan from Ibnu ‘Umar r.aHadith reported by Ashaab as-Sunnan from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a.).)


“ “(Honour) My successors ((Honour) My successors (Khulafa’Khulafa’), may Allah s.w.t. be ), may Allah s.w.t. be

Merciful towards them!.” Merciful towards them!.”

He was asked: He was asked:

““Who are your successors (Who are your successors (Khulafa’Khulafa’) O Messenger of Allah?” ) O Messenger of Allah?”

And he said: And he said:

““They are those who revive my They are those who revive my SunnahSunnah (Way or traditions) (Way or traditions)

and teaches them to the servants of Allah.”and teaches them to the servants of Allah.”

((Hadith of the Prophet s.a.wHadith of the Prophet s.a.w.).)


We the prophets are commanded to place people We the prophets are commanded to place people

according to their station and to speak unto them according to their station and to speak unto them

in accordance with their intellectual capacity.in accordance with their intellectual capacity.

((Hadith reported by Abu Dawud from A’isyah r.aHadith reported by Abu Dawud from A’isyah r.a.).)


“A learned FAQIH (scholar & teacher) is truly FAQIH, one who does not cause others to

feel despair from receiving the mercy of Allah (i.e. overly strict and too ‘harsh’); and

neither does he (give the impression by his behaviour, a guarantees as if ) anyone can

avert or withhold the wrath (punishment) of Allah, nor allows opportunity (by giving

dispensation) for anyone to disobey Allah (i.e. being inappropriately lax and too ‘nice’).

(Hilyatul-Auliya: 1-73 – as quoted by M.Natsir in Fiqhud-Da’wah)

WISE SAYING OF IMAM ‘ALI BIN ABI TOLIB R.A.WISE SAYING OF IMAM ‘ALI BIN ABI TOLIB R.A.


““O Prophet! Truly We have sent thee as a Witness (O Prophet! Truly We have sent thee as a Witness (SHAAHIDAHSHAAHIDAH), a ), a

Bearer of Glad Tidings (Bearer of Glad Tidings (MUBAS-SHIRAHMUBAS-SHIRAH), and a Warner (), and a Warner (NADZEERAHNADZEERAH)― )―

And as one who invites to Allah's (Grace) by His leave (And as one who invites to Allah's (Grace) by His leave (DAA-’IYAN DAA-’IYAN

ILALLAAHILALLAAH) , and as a Lamp spreading Light () , and as a Lamp spreading Light (SIRAAJAN MUNEERAHSIRAAJAN MUNEERAH).”).”

((Qur’an: Ahzab : 33: 45-46Qur’an: Ahzab : 33: 45-46))


““Invite (all) to the way of thy Lord with wisdom (Invite (all) to the way of thy Lord with wisdom (BIL-BIL-HHIKMAHIKMAH) and beautiful ) and beautiful

preaching (preaching (MAU-’IZAH-MAU-’IZAH-HHASANAHASANAH); and argue with them in ways that are ); and argue with them in ways that are

best and most gracious (best and most gracious (JAADIL-HUM-BIL-LATI -HIYA AJAADIL-HUM-BIL-LATI -HIYA AHHSANSAN): for thy Lord ): for thy Lord

knows, best who have strayed from His Path, and who receive guidance. “knows, best who have strayed from His Path, and who receive guidance. “

((Qur’an: an-Nahlu: 16: 125Qur’an: an-Nahlu: 16: 125))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

38

““Da-’inDa-’in” [sing.] (caller; one who invites) – ” [sing.] (caller; one who invites) – title indicating a title indicating a

high station in the hierarchy of ranks amongsthigh station in the hierarchy of ranks amongst ‘ulama’ ‘ulama’ of Islamof Islam. .

Title accorded only to those with certain criteria; more as Title accorded only to those with certain criteria; more as

ambassador or emissary of Islam - to call others toambassador or emissary of Islam - to call others to al-Islamal-Islam. .

TThis title or appellation of a his title or appellation of a ““Du-’atDu-’at” [pl.] ” [pl.] - should not be - should not be

carelessly used just because a Muslim is doing or helping in work of carelessly used just because a Muslim is doing or helping in work of

Da’wah.Da’wah.

As Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w. is the exemplary :As Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w. is the exemplary :

“ “and as one who invites to Allah's (Grace) by His leaveand as one who invites to Allah's (Grace) by His leave” ” , - the task , - the task

of such a person is indeed wide-ranging .of such a person is indeed wide-ranging .


39

AD-DA-‘I WAD-DA’WAHAD-DA-‘I WAD-DA’WAH(THE CALLER AND THE CALL)(THE CALLER AND THE CALL)

MUBALLIGHMUBALLIGH

MUDAR-RIS WA MU-‘AL-LIMMUDAR-RIS WA MU-‘AL-LIM

MURAB-BI’ - MU-AD-DIB - MURSHIDMURAB-BI’ - MU-AD-DIB - MURSHID

MUS-LIMUS-LIHH AD-DEEN WAL-UMMAH AD-DEEN WAL-UMMAH

MUJAD-DIDMUJAD-DID

MUJAHID - DA’WAHMUJAHID - DA’WAH

BIL-LISAAN BIL-QALAAM BIL-HAAL BIS-SAYF

QUDWAH HASANAH MUNAZARAH


““It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from

themselves (themselves (YAT-LU ‘ALAY-HIM AA-YAA-TIHIYAT-LU ‘ALAY-HIM AA-YAA-TIHI) reciting to them ) reciting to them

His verses and (His verses and (YU-ZAK-KEE-HIMYU-ZAK-KEE-HIM) purifying them (and make ) purifying them (and make

them grow) and (them grow) and (YU-’AL-LI-MU-HUMYU-’AL-LI-MU-HUM) teaching them the Book ) teaching them the Book

((AL-KITAABAL-KITAAB) and wisdom () and wisdom (AL-AL-HHIKMAHIKMAH)”)”

((Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

“ and [to cause this message to spread] from them unto other

people as soon as they come into contact with them: for He

alone is almighty, truly wise! Such is Allah's bounty: He grants it

to anyone who is willing [to receive it]: for Allah is limitless in His

great bounty.“

(Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 3-4)


“ “ ((UUD-’UUUUD-’UU) Invite (or call) to the way of your Lord with ) Invite (or call) to the way of your Lord with

((AL-AL-HHIKMAHIKMAH) wisdom and good instruction, and argue ) wisdom and good instruction, and argue

with them in a way that is best.”with them in a way that is best.”

((Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 125Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 125))


““And thus have We willed you to be a community of the middle way And thus have We willed you to be a community of the middle way

((UMMATAN WASOTANUMMATAN WASOTAN) [i.e. justly balanced], so that [with your lives] ) [i.e. justly balanced], so that [with your lives]

you might bear witness to the truth before all mankind ( you might bear witness to the truth before all mankind (SHUHADAA-SHUHADAA-

A - ‘ALAN-NAASA - ‘ALAN-NAAS) , and the Messenger as a witness over you.“) , and the Messenger as a witness over you.“

((Qur’an: al- Baqarah: 2:143Qur’an: al- Baqarah: 2:143))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

Trading between the Middle-east and the Orient (China) had pre-existed Trading between the Middle-east and the Orient (China) had pre-existed

before the coming of Prophet Muhammad before the coming of Prophet Muhammad ..

Historically, Islam had reached China and South-east Asia since the Historically, Islam had reached China and South-east Asia since the

beginning of Hijriah (Prphet’s migration) period. beginning of Hijriah (Prphet’s migration) period.

Arabs and Persian had long been world renown mariners and voyagers, Arabs and Persian had long been world renown mariners and voyagers,

plying the ancient trade routes – both overland and sea – long before Islam plying the ancient trade routes – both overland and sea – long before Islam

came to Arabia.came to Arabia.

SPREAD OF ISLAM TO THE ORIENT – THE SILK ROUTE AND SPICE TRADE


During the Caliphate of ‘Uthman ibn Affan r.a., the Muslim begun During the Caliphate of ‘Uthman ibn Affan r.a., the Muslim begun

strengthening the naval armada especially in the Meditaranean sea, mainly strengthening the naval armada especially in the Meditaranean sea, mainly

for Da’wah. for Da’wah.

Whereas the sea-route to the East had already been dominated by Arabs, Whereas the sea-route to the East had already been dominated by Arabs,

Persians and Indians. Their conversion to Islam facilitated its spread to the Persians and Indians. Their conversion to Islam facilitated its spread to the

East for they became ‘ambassadors’ for Islam.East for they became ‘ambassadors’ for Islam.

Emissaries and delegation had already been sent to the Emperor of China, Emissaries and delegation had already been sent to the Emperor of China,

and this continued on, in the ‘Ummayyad and Abassid period – both and this continued on, in the ‘Ummayyad and Abassid period – both

overland via the “overland via the “Silk RoadSilk Road” or the sea-route of the “” or the sea-route of the “Spice tradeSpice trade”.”.

SPREAD OF ISLAM TO THE ORIENT – THE SILK ROUTE AND SPICE TRADE


STRATEGIC LOCATION OF THE NUSANTARA


Voyages from the Middle-east to China had long begun predating the Voyages from the Middle-east to China had long begun predating the

period of Prophet Muhammad period of Prophet Muhammad , even chronicled by the Arab and , even chronicled by the Arab and

Persian travellers who were already familiar with the route to China.Persian travellers who were already familiar with the route to China.

Apart from the overland SILK ROAD, the sea voyage between Arabia-Apart from the overland SILK ROAD, the sea voyage between Arabia-

Persia to China had begun since the Phoenicians period.Persia to China had begun since the Phoenicians period.

According to According to Chiu T’ang ShuChiu T’ang Shu (record) Islam’s contact with China started (record) Islam’s contact with China started

as early as 31H / 651CE when an emissary from as early as 31H / 651CE when an emissary from Ta Shih Ta Shih (Arabia) visited (Arabia) visited

the T’ang Emperor. the T’ang Emperor.

Since the time of Caliph ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan r.a., many more emmisaries Since the time of Caliph ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan r.a., many more emmisaries

were sent and many Muslims settlers were accepted into China. were sent and many Muslims settlers were accepted into China.


Muslim communities began to be established especially in the coastal Muslim communities began to be established especially in the coastal

region of China, as well as along the trade route – in the region of China, as well as along the trade route – in the NUSANTARANUSANTARA..

NUSANTARANUSANTARA being a stop over on the sea-route to China, one of the being a stop over on the sea-route to China, one of the

earliest Arab Muslim settlement known was at earliest Arab Muslim settlement known was at BARUSBARUS on northern tip on northern tip

of of SAMUDRASAMUDRA (on Sumatra). Evidence indicated that Muslims were (on Sumatra). Evidence indicated that Muslims were

already present there; 34 years after the Hijrah of the Prophet already present there; 34 years after the Hijrah of the Prophet

Later with the fall of Baghdad to the Mongols, Muslim influx (diaspora) Later with the fall of Baghdad to the Mongols, Muslim influx (diaspora)

to this region was greatly enhanced. And conversion and intermarriages to this region was greatly enhanced. And conversion and intermarriages

with the indigenous occured, and with Islam as catalyst to assimilate all with the indigenous occured, and with Islam as catalyst to assimilate all

into a larger community as Muslims, a new hegemony was forged.into a larger community as Muslims, a new hegemony was forged.


The approach of The approach of DA’WAHDA’WAH was of two-pronged : towards the influential was of two-pronged : towards the influential

class (class (AL-MALA-AAL-MALA-A); and to the masses (); and to the masses (AL-JUMHURAL-JUMHUR). ).

These Muslims’ embodiment of wisdom; tolerance and patience; These Muslims’ embodiment of wisdom; tolerance and patience;

exuding examplary way of life and nobility of their character; exuding examplary way of life and nobility of their character;

spreading knowledge, Justice and Compassion; projecting the message spreading knowledge, Justice and Compassion; projecting the message

of Mercy for all the world; improving lives of people ; binding people of Mercy for all the world; improving lives of people ; binding people

into a genuine brotherhood upon a common faith; forging a community into a genuine brotherhood upon a common faith; forging a community

through what I termed “through what I termed “civilizational osmosiscivilizational osmosis”, etc. that was how the ”, etc. that was how the

spread of Islam was done. Much could still be learnt by the present spread of Islam was done. Much could still be learnt by the present

Muslims from their history and their approach.Muslims from their history and their approach.


The approach of The approach of DA’WAHDA’WAH was of two-pronged : towards the influential was of two-pronged : towards the influential

class (class (AL-MALA-AAL-MALA-A); and to the masses (); and to the masses (AL-JUMHURAL-JUMHUR). ).

These Muslims’ embodiment of wisdom; tolerance and patience; These Muslims’ embodiment of wisdom; tolerance and patience;

exuding examplary way of life and nobility of their character; exuding examplary way of life and nobility of their character;

spreading knowledge, Justice and Compassion; projecting the message spreading knowledge, Justice and Compassion; projecting the message

of Mercy for all the world; improving lives of people ; binding people of Mercy for all the world; improving lives of people ; binding people

into a genuine brotherhood upon a common faith; forging a community into a genuine brotherhood upon a common faith; forging a community

through what I termed “through what I termed “civilizational osmosiscivilizational osmosis”, etc. that was how the ”, etc. that was how the

spread of Islam was done. Much could still be learnt by the present spread of Islam was done. Much could still be learnt by the present

Muslims from their history and their approach.Muslims from their history and their approach.

“CIVILIZATIONAL OSMOSIS” Hope to elaborate on this later

In other separate discourse



ACHEHACHEH


MARCO POLO (MARCO POLO (1254-1327CE) – (651 – 727H)

Recorded in his travel that there were 6 Islamic kingdoms in existence

in PULAU ANDALAS (old name of island of Sumatra):

[1] PERLAK;

[2] SAMUDRA;

[3] LAMURI;

[4] PASAI ;

[5] FANSUR; and

[6] BARUS ALL THESE IN REGION OF ACHEH


IBN BATTUTTA IBN BATTUTTA (1304-1377CE) – (703- 778H) (1304-1377CE) – (703- 778H)

Recorded in his travel that:Recorded in his travel that:

PASAIPASAI was ruled by was ruled by Sultan al-Malikus-Solih Sultan al-Malikus-Solih (died 1297CE/596H )(died 1297CE/596H )

He was succeeded by his son He was succeeded by his son Sultan al-Malikuz-ZahirSultan al-Malikuz-Zahir..

TThe people converted and all followed in he people converted and all followed in FIQHFIQH the Madzhab of the Madzhab of

Imam Muhammad Idris ash-Shafi’-ieImam Muhammad Idris ash-Shafi’-ie

ALL THESE IN REGION OF ACHEH


The “SEJARAH MELAYU” (The Malay Annals)The “SEJARAH MELAYU” (The Malay Annals)

Recorded that:Recorded that:

Islam was brought to Islam was brought to PASAIPASAI by a by a MUBALLIGHMUBALLIGH known as Faqir known as Faqir

Muhammad from Gujerat (South India).Muhammad from Gujerat (South India).

The first king to embrace Islam The first king to embrace Islam MERAH SILU MERAH SILU who then took the Muslim who then took the Muslim

name-title name-title SULTAN MALIKUS-SOLIHSULTAN MALIKUS-SOLIH..



The book “IZHAR AL-HAQQ” and “TADZKIRAH TABAQAT The book “IZHAR AL-HAQQ” and “TADZKIRAH TABAQAT

JAM-’U- SULTAN AS-SALATIN” JAM-’U- SULTAN AS-SALATIN” (789CE / 172H)

Recorded that:

Islam came to the NUSANTARA at PERLAK in the year 173H/789CE, via a

ship headed by a NAKHODA KHALIFAH.

Muslim scholars and missionary peacefully propagated Islam there and

managed to Islamise the country to the point that it proclaimed itself as

Islamic kingdom in 225H / 893CE.



The book “IZHAR AL-HAQQ” and “TADZKIRAH TABAQAT The book “IZHAR AL-HAQQ” and “TADZKIRAH TABAQAT

JAM-’U- SULTAN AS-SALATIN” JAM-’U- SULTAN AS-SALATIN” (789CE / 172H)

Recorded that:

It was then led by a MAULANA SAYYID ABDUL AZIZ SHAH. He was the

son of SAYYID ‘ALI IBN MUHAMMAD IBN JA’FAR AS-SODIQ (a Qurayshi

Ahlil-Bayt from the HIJAZ) who married, the princess MAKHDUM

TANSHURI, sister of the king of Perlak (MEURAH PERLAK) MAKHDUM

SHAHIR NUWI




PATTANIPATTANI


The strategic region around The strategic region around PATTANIPATTANI, as a safe-transit for traders grew in , as a safe-transit for traders grew in

importance and Muslim scholars and preachers were actively engaged to importance and Muslim scholars and preachers were actively engaged to

spread Islam there. It belonged to one of the oldest Malay kingdom of spread Islam there. It belonged to one of the oldest Malay kingdom of

LANGKASUKALANGKASUKA (Hindu), later was ruled over by the (Hindu), later was ruled over by the SAILENDRASAILENDRA (Buddhist). (Buddhist).

The connection with The connection with YEMENYEMEN via via INDIAINDIA must be noted, as many scholars of must be noted, as many scholars of

the Prophet’s s.a.w. lineage (the Prophet’s s.a.w. lineage (SAADAH BA-’ALAWISAADAH BA-’ALAWI) , had already begun ) , had already begun

making making DA’WAHDA’WAH, especially the descendants of , especially the descendants of SAYYID JAMALUDDEEN AL-SAYYID JAMALUDDEEN AL-

HUSSEINIY HUSSEINIY , who settled here, intermarried with the indigenous, educated , who settled here, intermarried with the indigenous, educated

and groomed future and groomed future DU’ATDU’AT, as , as MUJAHID DA’WAH MUJAHID DA’WAH especially to lead the especially to lead the

community; if not as Islamic scholars (community; if not as Islamic scholars (‘ULAMA’‘ULAMA’), then through businesses ), then through businesses

by being philantrophist (by being philantrophist (AGH-NIYA’AGH-NIYA’).).IN PATTANI (SOUTHERN THAILAND)


Their methodology of Their methodology of DA’WAHDA’WAH was in keeping with the was in keeping with the SUNNAHSUNNAH of their of their

pious predecessors (pious predecessors (SALAFUS-SOLEHSALAFUS-SOLEH); through spreading Justice, Mercy, ); through spreading Justice, Mercy,

Compassion and teaching good moral by personal examples (Compassion and teaching good moral by personal examples (AKHKLAQUL-AKHKLAQUL-

KAREEMAHKAREEMAH) , not just in themselves but with their family amongst the ) , not just in themselves but with their family amongst the

natives; addressing needs of people and uplifting their lives; building natives; addressing needs of people and uplifting their lives; building

schools and orphanages; caring for the poor and the sick; etc. schools and orphanages; caring for the poor and the sick; etc.

Their success was because they had striven sincerely and with utmost Their success was because they had striven sincerely and with utmost

dedication with all that they could offer to establish the best of community dedication with all that they could offer to establish the best of community

((KHAYRA UMMAHKHAYRA UMMAH), exuding faith, deeds with excellence (), exuding faith, deeds with excellence (AD-DEEN AL-AD-DEEN AL-

ISLAMISLAM), so that “), so that “the right way becomes clear from that which is in errorthe right way becomes clear from that which is in error” .” .

IN PATTANI (SOUTHERN THAILAND)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

In (circa) 1150CE, the In (circa) 1150CE, the DA’WAHDA’WAH movement of movement of SHEIKH ‘ABDULLAH AL-SHEIKH ‘ABDULLAH AL-

YAMANI YAMANI extensively spread via extensively spread via INDIA INDIA and and ACHEHACHEH to bring Islam to the to bring Islam to the

peninsula.peninsula.

It was from here - It was from here - KEDAHKEDAH and and PATTANIPATTANI - that Islam then spread to the - that Islam then spread to the

south and east coast of the Malay peninsula viz. south and east coast of the Malay peninsula viz. KELANTANKELANTAN, , TRENGGANUTRENGGANU, ,

PAHANGPAHANG since 1150CE. since 1150CE.

Interestingly, in PATANI itself, Islam was accepted by most of its general Interestingly, in PATANI itself, Islam was accepted by most of its general

citizens, while its king citizens, while its king PayatunakapaPayatunakapa remained a Mahayana-Buddhist until remained a Mahayana-Buddhist until

much later. When the king embraced Islam, as much later. When the king embraced Islam, as Sultan Ismail Shah Sultan Ismail Shah and and

PATTANIPATTANI was then declared as an Islamic Sultanate – “ was then declared as an Islamic Sultanate – “Pattani DarrussalamPattani Darrussalam””

(circa 1450CE).(circa 1450CE). IN PATTANI (SOUTHERN THAILAND)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

The earliest leading Islamic scholar was The earliest leading Islamic scholar was SHEIKH SHAFI’UDDIN AL-SHEIKH SHAFI’UDDIN AL-

ABBASABBAS, the ancestor to many Islamic scholars - , especially the most , the ancestor to many Islamic scholars - , especially the most

important propagator, scholar and Mujahid, whose work to Islamise important propagator, scholar and Mujahid, whose work to Islamise

this region was immense - this region was immense - SHEIKH DAWUD BIN ‘ABDULLAH AL- FATANISHEIKH DAWUD BIN ‘ABDULLAH AL- FATANI. .

Since then on Since then on PATTANI PATTANI produced world renowned Islamic scholars, not produced world renowned Islamic scholars, not

only throughout the archipelago (only throughout the archipelago (JOHORJOHOR, , RIAURIAU,the ,the NATUNASNATUNAS, north , north

BORNEOBORNEO, etc.,but produced leading , etc.,but produced leading IMAMIMAM and scholars of the Muslims and scholars of the Muslims

of of SHAFI-’IE MADZHAB SHAFI-’IE MADZHAB in the centre of Islam, in the centre of Islam, MAKKAHMAKKAH. It then . It then

became a centre for the training of became a centre for the training of JAWIJAWI (those from Nusantara) (those from Nusantara)

students of Islam. The pilgrimage (students of Islam. The pilgrimage (HAJJHAJJ) facilitated much success in this.) facilitated much success in this.


The literary contributions of the early The literary contributions of the early ‘ULAMA ‘ULAMA from the from the NUSANTARANUSANTARA- -

with their adoption of with their adoption of JAWIJAWI (Arabiced) script and the use of the Riau (Arabiced) script and the use of the Riau

Malay in official correspondences, in the knowledge culture being Malay in official correspondences, in the knowledge culture being

spread where in infused into this evolving Malay language, many Arabic spread where in infused into this evolving Malay language, many Arabic

words and terminologies, etc. Thus enriching it.words and terminologies, etc. Thus enriching it.

The effect of this language, and heightened with The effect of this language, and heightened with DA’WAHDA’WAH was so was so

tremendously successful, that it forged a hegemony of sort amongst tremendously successful, that it forged a hegemony of sort amongst

the many sub-groupings of the indigenous people, who were now in the many sub-groupings of the indigenous people, who were now in

favour of identifying themselves more as “favour of identifying themselves more as “MalaysMalays”, because foremost ”, because foremost

they were all Muslims – breaking the previous barrier to their unity.they were all Muslims – breaking the previous barrier to their unity.



CHAMPACHAMPA


Being an important transit along the sea-route to China for Muslim Arab, Being an important transit along the sea-route to China for Muslim Arab,

Persian and Indian traders, inevitably Islam was spread in Champa (old Persian and Indian traders, inevitably Islam was spread in Champa (old

name for Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam).name for Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam).

MAULANA IBRAHIM AS-SAMARQANDIMAULANA IBRAHIM AS-SAMARQANDI, who came via Gujerat for , who came via Gujerat for

DA’WAHDA’WAH, was so successful in spreading Islam that the king took him as , was so successful in spreading Islam that the king took him as

son-in-law. His sons from this marriage were later nurtured to become son-in-law. His sons from this marriage were later nurtured to become

DU’ATDU’AT who helped spread Islam to Java, Borneo and the islands in the who helped spread Islam to Java, Borneo and the islands in the

Malay Archipelago.Malay Archipelago.

It must be noted that this region was then part of an ancient It must be noted that this region was then part of an ancient SRIVIJAYASRIVIJAYA

and and MAJAPAHITMAJAPAHIT wide dominion. wide dominion.

IN CHAMPA (INDO-CHINA)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

And there was a relationship betweenAnd there was a relationship between CHAMPA CHAMPA and the then and the then

MAJAPAHITMAJAPAHIT kingdom through marriage with a princess (who was the kingdom through marriage with a princess (who was the

sister of the wife of sister of the wife of MAULANA IBRAHIM AS-SAMARQANDI MAULANA IBRAHIM AS-SAMARQANDI ). This presented ). This presented

a significant opportunity for futurea significant opportunity for future DA’WAH DA’WAH ,, not only in JAVA but other region not only in JAVA but other region

under the under the MAJAPAHITMAJAPAHIT dominion. dominion.

Despite the changing power affecting its political-landscape which fragmented Despite the changing power affecting its political-landscape which fragmented

this region into Vietnam, Laos and Kampuchea, even today, the Muslims in the this region into Vietnam, Laos and Kampuchea, even today, the Muslims in the

INDO-CHINAINDO-CHINA are still known as the are still known as the CHAMSCHAMS . Not only do they understand and . Not only do they understand and

spoke Malay, but uses spoke Malay, but uses JAWIJAWI text in learning and transmitting lessons on Islam text in learning and transmitting lessons on Islam

even to this day, and would easily identify themselves as amongst the Malays even to this day, and would easily identify themselves as amongst the Malays

of the of the NUSANTARANUSANTARA..

IN CHAMPA (INDO-CHINA)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))


SULUSULUMINADANAOMINADANAO


According to the “According to the “TARSILATARSILA” (historical records of the Muslims in ” (historical records of the Muslims in

Southern Philippines), Islam was brought here by one respectfully Southern Philippines), Islam was brought here by one respectfully

called “called “KARIM-UL-MAKHDUM KARIM-UL-MAKHDUM “.“.

He was He was SAYYID ZAINAL ALAM BARAKAT IBN SAYYID JAMALUDDEEN AL-SAYYID ZAINAL ALAM BARAKAT IBN SAYYID JAMALUDDEEN AL-

HUSSEINIYHUSSEINIY, who also was called , who also was called TUAN SHARIF AWLIYYATUAN SHARIF AWLIYYA (cica 1469CE). (cica 1469CE).

He was the father of another famous He was the father of another famous DA-’IEDA-’IE who was sent to spread who was sent to spread

Islam in Java, Islam in Java, MAULANA MALIK IBRAHEEM MAULANA MALIK IBRAHEEM (Sunan Gerisek).(Sunan Gerisek).

Another personality was Another personality was AMINULLAH AL-MAKHDUM AMINULLAH AL-MAKHDUM (Sayyid al-Niqab); (Sayyid al-Niqab);

who was recorded to have come with some Chinese Muslims to spread who was recorded to have come with some Chinese Muslims to spread

Islam here.Islam here.

IN THE SULU AND MINDANAOAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

Later came the entourage of Later came the entourage of RAJAH BAGUINDA RAJAH BAGUINDA from Sumatra, but the from Sumatra, but the

spread of Islam into the hinterland in the spread of Islam into the hinterland in the SULUSULU was very much through was very much through

SAYYID ABU BAKAR SAYYID ABU BAKAR who was made Sultan in who was made Sultan in SULUSULU known as known as SHARIF SHARIF

HASHIMHASHIM, followed from , followed from JOHORJOHOR after him a after him a MOHADUMMOHADUM and another and another

scholar scholar ‘ALAWI BALPAKI ‘ALAWI BALPAKI ((BalfaqqihBalfaqqih).).

In the In the MINDANAOMINDANAO, the notable personality was , the notable personality was SHARIF MUHAMMAD SHARIF MUHAMMAD

KEBUNGSUWAN ,KEBUNGSUWAN , who was accredited with reinvigorating the spread of who was accredited with reinvigorating the spread of

Islam here in 1515CE.Islam here in 1515CE.

The process of peaceful Islamization changes with the coming of the The process of peaceful Islamization changes with the coming of the

Spaniards (as also the Portugese,Dutch and British in other parts of Spaniards (as also the Portugese,Dutch and British in other parts of

NUSANTARANUSANTARA). ). IN THE SULU AND MINDANAO


This was because, they came as part of the imperialistic zeal to evangelise This was because, they came as part of the imperialistic zeal to evangelise

the rest of ‘heathen’ (i.e. Non-Christian) world through conquest. the rest of ‘heathen’ (i.e. Non-Christian) world through conquest.

Their meeting the Muslims here evoked their Crusading enmity against Their meeting the Muslims here evoked their Crusading enmity against

the Moors (Muslims of North Africa) such that the Mindanao/Sulu the Moors (Muslims of North Africa) such that the Mindanao/Sulu

Muslims were called by them as Muslims were called by them as MOROSMOROS. Their usage of militaristic, . Their usage of militaristic,

imperialistic approach and force conversion upon whom the Spanish imperialistic approach and force conversion upon whom the Spanish

conquered (also happened in the Carribean and Latin America) had to be conquered (also happened in the Carribean and Latin America) had to be

responded with responded with JIHADJIHAD by the Muslims in this region. Thus this resistance by the Muslims in this region. Thus this resistance

via arm struggle by the Muslims should never be misinterpreted (which via arm struggle by the Muslims should never be misinterpreted (which

the West had tried to potray), as though Islam was spread by the sword.the West had tried to potray), as though Islam was spread by the sword.

IN THE SULU AND MINDANAOAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))


MELAKAMELAKA


KEDAHKEDAH was one of the earliest states to accept Islam through efforts of was one of the earliest states to accept Islam through efforts of

muballighmuballigh from from YEMENYEMEN via via GUJERATGUJERAT, , ACHEHACHEH and and PATTANIPATTANI..

From there soon it spread to From there soon it spread to KELANTANKELANTAN and and TRENGGANUTRENGGANU. .

The fall of The fall of SRIVIJAYASRIVIJAYA led to a prince led to a prince Sang Nila UtamaSang Nila Utama @ Sri Maharaja @ Sri Maharaja

Sang Nila Utama Parameswara Batara Sri Tri BuanaSang Nila Utama Parameswara Batara Sri Tri Buana ( 1299-1347 M) ( 1299-1347 M)

fleeing fleeing PALEMBANGPALEMBANG who then founded the kingdom on what was who then founded the kingdom on what was

previously called the island of previously called the island of TEMASIK TEMASIK renaming it as renaming it as SINGAPURASINGAPURA..

There this little kingdom of There this little kingdom of SINGAPURASINGAPURA thrived but was envied by the thrived but was envied by the

northern kingdom of northern kingdom of SIAMSIAM as well as the rising as well as the rising MAJAPAHITMAJAPAHIT . .

THE PENINSULA AND RISE OF MELAKA SULTANATEAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

This Malay kingdom had several rulers, as remnant of the This Malay kingdom had several rulers, as remnant of the SRIVIJAYASRIVIJAYA

empire, until its last king had to flee due to the invasion of empire, until its last king had to flee due to the invasion of PATIH GADJAH PATIH GADJAH

MADAHMADAH of the of the MAJAPAHITMAJAPAHIT. . He was its last king He was its last king Paduka Sri Maharaja Paduka Sri Maharaja

PARAMESWARAPARAMESWARA @ @Raja Iskandar Shah Raja Iskandar Shah (1388 - 1391 M) who fled (1388 - 1391 M) who fled

SINGAPURASINGAPURA and established the and established the MELAKAMELAKA empire on the Malay Peninsula empire on the Malay Peninsula..

When he When he embraced Islam as Sultan Muhammad Shah, he forged alliance embraced Islam as Sultan Muhammad Shah, he forged alliance

with with PASAI PASAI and other Muslim kingdoms and gradually grew in and other Muslim kingdoms and gradually grew in

importance not just for trade, but also as centre of Islamic learnings too.importance not just for trade, but also as centre of Islamic learnings too.

In 1409CE, when In 1409CE, when Admiral Muhammad Zheng He Admiral Muhammad Zheng He (ChengHo) visited (ChengHo) visited MELAKAMELAKA, there , there

were already Muslims from Arabia, Persia and India.were already Muslims from Arabia, Persia and India.

THE PENINSULA AND RISE OF MELAKA SULTANATEAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

Notwithstanding that the Notwithstanding that the DA’WAHDA’WAH initiatives which had ealier begun in initiatives which had ealier begun in

ACHEHACHEH (since 173H), then to (since 173H), then to PATTANIPATTANI and continued to spread in the and continued to spread in the

peninsula, the importance of Islamic scholars as advisers to the kings peninsula, the importance of Islamic scholars as advisers to the kings

ensure royal patronage to Islamic propagation and proliferation of ensure royal patronage to Islamic propagation and proliferation of

centres for Islamic learning in the archipelago. centres for Islamic learning in the archipelago.

As it grew in importance, As it grew in importance, MELAKAMELAKA soon became one of these centres soon became one of these centres

which were sometimes referred to as one of the which were sometimes referred to as one of the SERAMBI MAKKAH SERAMBI MAKKAH

(“the verandah of Mecca(“the verandah of Mecca”). ”).

THE PENINSULA AND RISE OF MELAKA SULTANATE


HOPE TO FURTHER ELUCIDATE THIS HOPE TO FURTHER ELUCIDATE THIS IN SEPARATE SESSION – IN SEPARATE SESSION – INSH-ALLAH!INSH-ALLAH!

Presentation by: Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (Singapore)


http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/

http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/

http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/

http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/

http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/ http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/

http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/

http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/ http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/

http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/

All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:

89All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

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