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INCORPORATING IK INTO KERLA’S TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN-A CASE STUDY

PROF. G. M. NAIR, DIRECTOR

Tropical Botanic Garden and Research InstitutePacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram

695562, Kerala, Indiawww.tbgri.org

[email protected]

http://www.tbgri.org/

GENESIS OF THE PROGRAMME

• ORGANISED A PRE-WORKSHOP BRAIN STORMING SESSION ON INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE STRATEGIES FOR KERALA, AT GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,

UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF HON’BLE CHIEF MINISTER OF KERALA SRI A. K. ANTONY , ON 20TH SEPTEMBER 2002 THROUGH ASSISTANCE FROM WORLD BANK IK GROUP

• SENIOR BUREAUCRATS OF GOVERNMENT OF KERALA, HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS, PLANNERS,

SENIOR SCIENTISTS, REPRESENTATIVES FROM WORLDBANK IK GROUP AND DELEGATES FROM KENYA, UGANDA AND ETHIOPIA PARTICIPATED.

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BRAIN STORMING SESSION

1. IDENTIFY A NODAL AGENCY FOR ADVISING THE GOVERNMENT, FOR IMPLEMENTING IK PROGRAMMES

2. PREPARE AN INVENTORY OF IK FROM DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF THE COMMUNITIES

3. PRIORITISE IK FOR SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM PROJECT PROPOSALS

4. EAR MARK A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF BUDGETARY PROVISION FROM CONCERNED DEPARTMENTAL ALLOCATIONS FOR IK RELATED ACTIVITIES

5. SUBMIT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF KERALA AND THE KERALA STATE PLANNING BOARD, CONCRETE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IK RELATED ACTIVITIES IN THE 10TH PLAN

FOLLOW UP PROGRAMME

• ORGANISED A WORKSHOP ON “INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE STRATEGIES FOR KERALA” FROM 7-9 OCTOBER 2002, AT THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, WITH THE SUPPORT OF IK PROGRAMME, WORLD BANK, WASHINGTON DC.

• WORKSHOP WAS INAUGURATED BY HON’BLE CHIEF MINISTER OF KERALA STATE, SRI A. K. ANTONY

• SRI V. RAMACHANDRAN, VICE-CHAIRMAN, KERALA STATE PLANNING BOARD DELIVERED THE KEY-NOTE ADDRESS

• SRI S. M. VIJAYANAND, SECRETARY, PLANNING AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, GOVERNMENT OF KERALA WAS ALSO PRESENT ON THE OCCASION

•ATTENDED BY ABOUT 120 INVITEES, WHO ARE EXPERTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE AREAS. PLANNERS, BUREAUCRATS, SCIENTISTS, ACADEMICIANS, FARMERS, MEDIA-PERSONS, TECHNOLOGISTS, TRIBALS AND TRADITIONAL MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS.

FOLK DANCE TRADITIONAL FIRE DANCE

OBJECTIVE

•THE WORKSHOP WAS ORGANISED WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP CONCRETE IK BASED PROPOSALS FOR SUBMISSION TO THE KERALA STATE PLANNING BOARD, SO

THAT THESE PROPOSALS COULD BE INCORPORATED INTO THE 10TH FIVE YEAR PLAN.

OUTCOME

SPECIFIC SHORT-TERM AND LONG–TERM PROPOSALS, SUBMITTED AFTER DISCUSSION AND DEBATE BY VARIOUS GROUPS AND PANELS DURING THE WORKSHOP, WERE SUBMITTED TO THE GOVERNMENT OF KERALA.

IK in

Agriculture

Animal husbandryFisheries

Art & Culture

Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization

Architecture

Rural technology etc.

Health care

Diversity of Indigenous Knowledge (IK)

TOPICS DISCUSSED

ACTIONINTEGRATING WITH 10TH FIVE YEAR PLAN, KERALA STATE PLANNING BOARD SANCTIONED A PROJECT ON PROMOTION OF TRADITIONAL TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE VIDE ORDER NO. A1-7033/03/SPB. DATED 23/10/2003 AT A TOTAL COST OF RUPEES 30 LAKHS, DURING THE YEAR 2003 AND 2004

FACILITATING INSTITUTIONS IN KERALA1. TROPICAL BOTANIC GARDEN AND RESEARCH

INSTITUTE, PALODE, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.

2. KERALA FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THRISSUR

3. KERALA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, THRISSUR

4. CENTRE FOR WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT (CWRDM), KOZHIKODE

5. KIRTADS, KOZHIKODE

6. AHADS, PALAKKAD

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE

“ Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is a community based functional

knowledge system developed, preserved and refined by generations

of people through continuous interaction, observation and

experimentation with their surrounding environment. It is a dynamic

system, ever-changing,adapting and adjusting to the local situations

and has close links with the culture, civilization and religious practices

of the communities. IK covers all spheres of human activity such as art,

literature, health, education, agriculture, environment etc.”

Real observers/ protectors/ beneficiaries of Biodiversity is

Indigenous/ local communities. Indigenous knowledge on

biodiversity is the asset of the country which ensures the

food, health and economic security of the nation.

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE

IK related to traditional medicine in India

Classical Health Tradition (CHT)

Oral Health Tradition (OHT)

Source

• Traditionally trained folk healers/ village physicians

• Not traditionally trained but experienced in certain health practices (eg.Dai,bonesetters,specialists in treating poisons, jaundice, mental disorders)

• Aged people or different ethnic communities including women treating the patients based on the knowledge acquired from their predecessors.

• Individuals who acquired(educated group) certain knowledge from their predecessors.

• Tribal- tribal communities/ physicians/ aged individuals.

• Vedic / classical texts and treatise like Rigveda, Atharvaveda, Charakasamhita (Text on ancient Indian Medicine)Susrutha samhita (Text on ancient Indian surgery ),Ashtangahridaya ((Text on ancient Indian medicine & surgery) &other numerous related text books in both sanskrit and regional languages

PRECISE OBJECTIVES

1. Survey, collection, inventory and documentation of tribal / local / folk medicines of the districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and Pathanamthitta.

2. Recording of traditional use and knowledge system on the local flora.

3. Study, analysis and organisation of the data and preparation of computerised database.

4. Preparation of report on the indigenous / traditional use of medicinal plants.

TRAINING / AWARENESS ON DOCUMENTATION OF IK (INSTITUTE LEVEL)

METHODOLOGY

TRAINING/ AWARENESS ON IK DOCUMENTATION (PANCHAYATH LEVEL)

RAPPORT ESTABLISHMENT WITH LOCAL BODY MEMBERS AND OWNERS OF IK

TEAM BUILDING AND VISION DEVELOPMENT

ENTRY TO PANCHAYATH

INTERVIEW / MEETING WITH INDIVIDUALS/ IK HOLDERS

DATA POOLING AND ANALYSIS

PREPARATION OF DATABASE

IK DOCUMENTATION

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge (IK)

Name of district Name of Gramapanchayath selected for study

1. Thiruvananthapuram 1. Peringammala 2. Vithura 3. Perinkadavila 4. Kuttichal 5. Amboori

2. Kollam 1. Sooranad North 2. Pooyappalli 3. Thevalakkara 4. Thrikkaruva 5. Aryankavu

3. Pathanamthitta 1. Eraviperoor 2. Ezhumattoor 3. Konni 4. Thannithodu 5. Mailapra

LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA

The study area is in the Southern Zone of Kerala, comprising

the districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and Pathanamthitta

Inaugural addressDr.G.M.Nair

Director, TBGRI Presidential Address

Shri.Ozhukupara Aziz,Member, Peringammala Gramapanchayath

A view of the audience

ONE DAY SEMINAR ON IK AWARENESS HELD AT TBGRI ON 8TH DECEMBER 2003

CONTACT PROGRAMME AT INSTITUTE LEVEL

Theme lecture Dr.S.Rajasekharan, TBGRI

Mrs.Ammukkutty amma (82), Birth attendant A custodian of IK from Peringammala Gramapanchayath

Introductory remarks Dr.V.George,TBGRI

CONTACT PROGRAMME AT PANCHAYAT LEVEL

ONE DAY SEMINAR ON IK AWARENESS

IK DOCUMENTATION

Sl.No

Particulars Item/ Unit

Target Achievement RemarksDuring the month

Progressive total

A PHYSICAL ACHIEVEMENTS1. Preliminary

training on team building and vision development(a) No.of trainings

1 Local body representatives and selected IK bearers including local healers -

December 2003

Target achieved as per schedule

Institute level at TBGRI

(b) No.of participants

65 Local body representatives and selected IK bearers including local healers

December 2003

Target achieved as per plan

Including TBGRI faculties

2 PRAs/Workshops/ meetings (specify)

Panchayath level training

(a)No. 3 Local body representatives and selected owners of IK including local healers

December 2003


1. Peringammala (Thiruvananthapuram)

2. Sooranadu North (Kollam)

3. Eraviperoor (Pathanamthitta)


275 Local body representatives and selected owners of IK including local healers

December 2003


1. Peringammala (Thiruvananthapuram)

2. Sooranadu North (Kollam)

3. Eraviperoor (Pathanamthitta)


January 2004

Target achieved as per plan.

1. Vithura (Thiruvananthapuram)

2. Pooyappalli (Kollam)

3. Ezhumattoor (Pathanamthitta)



January 2004


1. Vithura (Thiruvananthapuram)

2. Pooyappalli (Kollam)

3. Ezhumattoor (Pathanamthitta)


February March 2004


1. Kuttichal (Thiruvananthapuram)

2. Thevalakkara (Kollam)

3. Konni (Pathanamthitta)



February March 2004


1. Kuttichal (Thiruvananthapuram)

2. Thevalakkara (Kollam)

3. Konni (Pathanamthitta)


March April 2004


1. Amboori (Thiruvananthapuram)

2. Thrikkaruva (Kollam)3. Mylapra

(Pathanamthitta)



March April 2004


1. Amboori (Thiruvananthapuram)

2. Thrikkaruva (Kollam)3. Mylapra

(Pathanamthitta)

(a)No.of participants


April May 2004


1. Peringadavila (Thiruvananthapuram)

2. Aryankavu (Kollam)3. Thannithodu

(Pathanamthitta)



April May 2004


1. Peringadavila (Thiruvananthapuram)

2. Aryankavu (Kollam)3. Thannithodu

(Pathanamthitta)

June 2004


Preparation and submission of final consolidated report

NAME OF THE DISTRICT

NAME OF THE GRAMA PANCHAYAT

NO. OF SPECIFIC CASE STUDIES

NO. OF NON SPECIFIC CASE STUDIES

OTHERS SINGLE DRUG

COMBINATIO-NS

TOTAL

Thiruvananthapuram Peringammala 37 33 3 54 369 423

Vithura 51 33 14 138 282 420

Perinkadavila 25 31 19 97 116 213

Kuttichal 32 30 22 147 198 345

Amboori 32 35 12 184 166 350

OBSERVATIONS / RESULTSDETAILS OF THE CASE STUDIES RECORDED (DISEASE WISE)






OTHERS SINGLE DRUG

COMBINATIONS

TOTAL

Kollam Sooranad North 44 50 31 388 353 741

Pooyappalli 36 32 47 247 84 331

Thevalakkara 42 35 23 333 192 525

Thrikkaruva 43 37 33 298 122 420

Aryankavu 40 25 25 150 95 245






OTHERS SINGLE DRUG

COMBINATIONS

TOTAL

Pathanamthitta Eraviperoor

19 21 7 376 205 581

Ezhumattoor 52 43 36 67 381 448

Konni 43 44 57 454 336 790

Thannithodu 34 39 19 375 181 556

Mailapra 23 29 27 142 67 209

Example I CASE STUDIES - PERINGAMMALA GRAMAPANCHAYATH

We have recorded case studies on the following 37 specific diseases, 33 non-specific diseases and 3 other conditions based on 423 (54 single formulations + 369 combinations)

information gathered on 287 medicinal plants.

Specific Non-specific Others 1. Arthritis 2. Asthma 3. Blood cancer 4. Burns 5. Cataract 6. Centipede bite 7. Chicken pox 8. Chronic wounds 9. Conjunctivitis 10. Diabetes 11. Diarrhoea 12. Fever 13. Filariasis 14. Goitre 15. Hypertension 16. Infant diarrhoea 17. Insanity 18. Intestinal parasites 19. Jaundice

1. Allergy 2. Blood purifier 3. Body pain 4. Burning (chest region) 5. Burning (scalp) 6. Chest pain 7. Cholesterol 8. Cough 9. Dandruff 10. Dry cough 11. Fatigue 12. Gas trouble 13. Hair tonic 14. Head ache

1. Health promotive2. Pre-natal care3. Post-natal care

Specific Non-specific Others 20. Leucorrhoea 21. Measles 22. Migraine 23. Oral cancer 24. Psoriasis 25. Scabies 26. Scorpion bite 27. Spider poison 28. Stomatitis 39. Stroke/ Cerebral haemorrhage 30. Sinusitis 31. TB 32. Thyroid 33. Tineapedis 34. Tonsillitis 35. Traumatic affections 36. Ulcer/ Peptic ulcer 37. Vitiligo

15. Inflammation/ swelling 16. Insect bite 17. Intestinal colic 18. Itching 19. Joint pain 20. Liver disorders 21. Lumbago 22. Nail infection 23. Neurological disorders 24. Otalgia 25. Respiratory disorders 26. Respiratory infection 27. Retention of Urine (children) 28. Rhinitis 29. Skin diseases/ various dermatological conditions 30. Sprain 31. Tooth ache 32. Vomiting 33. Wound due to snake bite

Undisclosed

Disclosed

Partially disclosed

Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute

DATA SHEET FOR ETHNO-MEDICO-BOTANICAL SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS General Information : 1 Name of tribal settlement and the adjoining forest area / place surveyed: Kochuvila – Peringammala

Gramapanchayath 2. Date of Survey 17 12 2003

3. Source: a. Oral Individual Groupb. Documental record

Writing Drawing c. Historical importance / mode of transmission of Indigenous Knowledge (IK).

4. Botanical details a. Scientific name:

Genus Cassia Species occidentalis

Auhtor Linn. ssp.

Family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) subfamily: Caesalpinioideae

Example- Disclosed

b. Tribal/ local name

Oolan thakara

c. Sanskrit name

d. State of plant

Wild Cultivated Introduced Semi cultivatede. Habit

Herb Shrub Tree Climberf. Habitat

Open waste land

g. Voucher specimen (i) Herbarium specimen

Filed number -Place of collection -Date of collection -Name of collector -Special collection if any:

-

Herbarium deposit -

(ii) Photograph (Y/N):

h. DistributionCommon Rare

5. Utility based categorization of the plant

Aromatic Fumigation TimberConstruction Gums and resins MushroomsDyes Medicinal OrnamentsEdible Pesticide OilFibre Piscicide NarcoticsFodder Rituals ToxicFuel Masticators Others

Others specify…………………………….

Indigenous Knowledge1. Part used

Root Leaf GumRoot bark Pollen ThornWhole plant Flower Any other:Nectar FruitStem bark SeedHeart wood Resin

In combination(specify): 10 gm fresh leaves of Cassia occidentalis + 5 gm Allium cepa

2. Collection/ Harvesting

a. Plant part Root, Leafb. Time of year for collection No specific timec. Time of day for collection No specific timed. Harvesting methods

e. Physical reaction if any (Allergic, Itching, boils, sneezing etc.)

f. Processing:

Equipments (if any) -

Need for processing -

Processing materials (name if any) -

Final price -

By products (if any) -g. Storage method -h. Attack of pests/ insects (if any) -i. Place of collection -j. Seller (direct / indirect) -k. Buyer (direct / indirect) -l. Price -m. Quantity per month / year -

3. Ingredients Name of the plant Part Part condition

1. Cassia occidentalis Root Dried/ fresh

2. Cassia occidentalis Root Dried/ fresh

Allium cepa Bulb Fresh

4. Method of preparation 1. 10 – 15 gm dried/ fresh root of Cassia occidentalis, prepared in

the form of paste administered internally along with 30 - 60 ml milk.

2. 10 gm fresh leaves of Cassia occidentalis + 5 gm Allium cepa in the form of pounded mass 5. Administration of Drug.

a. Dosage 10-15 gm pasteb. Time and duration Twice dailyc. Mode of administration Orald. Vehicle used if any Cow’s milke. Therapeutic effect

Preventive

Corrective

ON Humans Plants

Promotive Curative Animalsf. Status of use (Common, Unique etc.) Uniqueg. Restrictions prescribed (if any) Sugar free diet6. Indications

a. Local name of ailment Prameham

b. Ayurvedic terminology Madhumeham

c. Modern terminology Diabetes mellitus

7. Alternate plants used if the drug plant is not available (substitute)

Consent form

Undisclosed

Disclosed

Partially disclosed

Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute

DATA SHEET FOR ETHNO-MEDICO-BOTANICAL SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS General Information : 1 Name of tribal settlement and the adjoining forest area / place surveyed: Elanjium Kani tribal settlement – Peringanmala Gramapanchayath 2. Date of Survey

26 12 2003 3. Source:

a. Oral Individual Groupb. Documental record

Writing Drawing c. Historical importance / mode of transmission of Indigenous Knowledge (IK).

4. Botanical details a. Scientific name:

Genus - Species -

Auhtor - Ssp.

Family -

Example- undisclosed

4. Method of preparation 1. Decoction 2. Medicated oil 3. Pounded mass

5. Administration of Drug. a. Dosage -b. Time and duration -c. Mode of administration -d. Vehicle used if any -e. Therapeutic effect

Preventive

Corrective

ON Humans Plants

Promotive Curative Animalsf. Status of use (Common, Unique etc.) Uniqueg. Restrictions prescribed (if any)6. Indications

a. Local name of ailment Arbumdam, Rektha sammardam

b. Ayurvedic terminology Arbudam, Rekthadi mardam

c. Modern terminology Cancer, Hypertension 7. Alternate plants used if the drug plant is not available (substitute)

Consent form

Enumeration of Indigenous knowledge

Indigenous knowledge related to medicinal plants gathered from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and Pathanamthitta districts are enumerated Panchayat wise. Example-I (single drug)

Botanical name: Ocimum sanctum Linn.Family: LamiaceaeHabit: Herb Vernacular name: Krishnatulsi (PML, VTR, KUT, AMB, PDL, SDN, PPL, TLK, TKR, AYK, EPR, EMR, KNI, MPA, TND)* Parts used: RootsMethod of preparation: Paste form.Mode of administration: OralDosage: 5-10 g, twice daily Vehicle: Cows milk Indication: Spider poison (SDN, TKR)

During the survey we have collected 62 informations on Tulsi as a single drug to treat 55 specific and nonspecific diseased conditions from 15 Grama Panchayats.

* PML-Peringammala, VTR-Vithura, KUT-Kuttichal, AMB-Amboori, PDL-Peringadavila, SDN- Sooranadu North, PPL-Pooyappalli, TLK-Thevalakkara, TKR-Trikkaruva, AYK-Aryankavu, EPR-Eraviperoor, EMR-Ezhuhattoor, KNI-Konni, MPA-Mailapra, TND-Thannithodu

Example-II combinations

Ingredients: Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) – Leaves Kudukkamooli (Aristolochia indica)- Roots

Kurumulaku (Piper longum) – Seed Jaggery (Palm)

Method of preparation: Decoction Mode of administration: OralDosage: 30 ml, thrice daily Vehicle: ---- Indication: Fever (EMR)

Example-III combinations

Ingredients: Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) – Leaves Kuzhimundan (Orthosiphon glabratus) –

Leaves Cheriyaulli (Allium cepa) – Bulb

Method of preparation: Decoction Mode of administration: OralDosage: 60 ml, thrice daily Vehicle: ---- Indication: Chickenpox (AMB)

In combination, we have collected 154 information on Tulasi for treating 62 specific and nonspecific diseased conditions from 15 Grama Panchayats.

CONCLUSIONS / SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

1. To conserve / preserve / protect the IK, various awareness programmes have to be designed and implemented among the people. It is urgent, otherwise these knowledge will be wiped out gradually due to the changing lifestyle and social set up of the people.

2. Since scientific documentation of IK is a continuing programme, a sectoral wise IK documentation wing should be established in the respective R&D organization currently involved in the documentation work.

3. A Coordinating Centre may be established at TBGRI for coordinating the documentation work and also for providing guidelines for preparing new policies / legislations, programmes etc to protect the IK of Kerala State.

4. Digitalizing the IK is the need of the hour to save the same from piracy. New policies / programmes may be formulated for the preservation and protection of IK.


5. Develop new programmes / models to integrate IK into the planning process through effective participation of people at grass root level.

6. Develop new models / legislations for protecting IK under sui-generis system.

7. Encourage and give priority to conduct scientific research on IK for developing new technologies / new scientifically validated herbal drugs / nutraceuticals / other plant based products like cosmetics, functional food etc. This will help to generate additional income at local / National and even at Global level and further it will improve our health, food and economic security.

8. For patenting the new products arising of IK based research studies, a fast track policy may be evolved at Govt. level.


9. Explore the possibilities of identifying suitable funding agencies for the implementation of IK related activities including documentation at state level.

10. During the survey we have come across interesting informations such as preparation of Thulasi pillow, Thevalakkara Puttu (a traditional / ethnic food item), several medicated oil for external application, single / simple herbal formulations etc. As an out come of the survey, can we think of a small scale / large scale production centre for thulasi pillows having some therapeutic effect like relieving stress / tension, ensure good sleep, remove lice etc. as claimed by the people of Peringamala Panchayat. Can we take up a popularization programme for production of traditional food items like ‘Thevalakkara puttu’ for relieving back ache as claimed by the people of Thevalakkara. Can we go for preparing single /simple herbal combinations for effective management of primary health care.

11. Another notable factor recorded was the keen interest shown by the people during the documentation work of the IK. Majority of them believe that IK is very important and it should be conserved / preserved and should be effectively utilized. Therefore a separate budgetary provisions may be provided to the Panchayats to enable them to implement IK related programmes.


12. The local body members also showed their keen interest and welcomed the integration of IK into the planning process. This is to be encouraged and supported.

13. Documentation of IK should be undertaken at Panchayat level involving students, NGOs, Youth and Nature Clubs. Necessary funds should be made available to them.

14. Whenever IK is utilized for a profitable / money generating venture, the IPR of the original custodians should be respected and there should be a just and equitable sharing of the benefit.

15. IK is chiefly applied for problem solving and as such has sufficient proven technical and scientific content. This should be expanded and developed and applied at a larger scale by creating necessary infrastructure and facilities.

Pittosporum neelgherensis

(Analivegom)

Snake bite

Barringtonia acutangula

(Samudrakai)

Sinusitis, Head ache

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

(Adukkuchemparuthi)

Scalp & Hair cleaning (as shampoo / medicated oil)

Lawsonia inermis

(Mylanchi)

Jaundice

Vitex nigundo

(Karunochi)

Lumbago, Nervous disorders

Wrightia tinctoria

(Dandapala)

Skin diseases

Eclipta alba

(Kaithonni)

Anaemia, Hair tonic

Zingiber zerumbet

(Kattuchanna)

Insect bite / Insect repellent

Cycas circinalis

(Kalanga)

Health promotive (edible)

Caesalpinia bonducella

(Kayatti)

Intestinal colic / Hernia

Pellionia heyneana

(Chakklipplan)

Snake bite / Immuno enhancer

THANK YOU

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