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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Properties of Solutions >Solution Formation

The ______________ of the solvent and the solute

determine whether a substance will

______________. The factors that determine how

fast a substance dissolves are:

• _____________ (agitation)

• _____________

• the __________ __________of the dissolving

particles

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A cube of sugar in cold tea dissolves slowly.

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Granulated sugar dissolves in cold water more quickly than a sugar cube, especially with stirring.

Granulated sugar dissolves very quickly in hot tea.

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Stirring and Solution Formation

Stirring speeds up the dissolving process

because ___________ ______________

(the water in tea) is continually brought into

_______________ with the ___________ of

the solute (sugar).

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Temperature and Solution Formation

At higher ________________, the ___________

energy of water molecules is ______________ than

at lower ________________, so they move

__________. As a result, the solvent molecules

____________ with the ______________ of the

sugar crystals more frequently and with more force.

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Particle Size and Solution Formation

A spoonful of granulated sugar dissolves

more quickly than a sugar cube because the

_____________ ____________ in

granulated sugar expose a much greater

___________ ____________ to the colliding

water molecules.

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Properties of Solutions >Solubility

A _______________ solution contains the

________________ amount of solute for a

given quantity of ___________ at a given

_____________ and _____________.

An _______________ solution contains

less solute than a _____________ solution at

a given temperature and pressure.

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In a saturated solution,

the __________ of

____________ equals

the _______ of

____________, so the

total amount of dissolved

solute remains

_______________.

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The ________________ of a

substance is the amount of solute that

dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent

at a specified temperature and pressure

to produce a saturated solution.

Solubility is often expressed in

____________ of _____________ per

100 g of ______________.

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Some liquids combine in all proportions,

while others don’t mix at all.

• Two liquids are ____________ if they dissolve

in each other in ___ proportions.

• Two liquids are _______________ if they are

______________ in each other.

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Oil and water are immiscible.

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Vinegar and oil are immiscible.


Properties of Solutions >

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Factors Affecting Solubility

_______________ affects the solubility of

solid, liquid, and gaseous solutes in a

solvent; both _____________ and

________________ affect the solubility of

gaseous solutes.

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Properties of Solutions >Factors Affecting Solubility

Temperature

• The solubility of most solid substances

______________ as the temperature of the

solvent ________________.

• The solubilities of most gases are

_____________ in _________ water than in

___________.

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The __________

deposits around

______ springs result

from the cooling of the

____, ___________

solution of minerals

emerging from the

spring.

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Properties of Solutions >Factors Affecting Solubility16.1

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A __________________ solution contains

_____________ solute than it can

theoretically hold at a given temperature.

The crystallization of a supersaturated

solution can be initiated if a very __________

___________, called a seed crystal, of the

solute is added.

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A supersaturated solution is clear before a seed crystal is added.

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Crystals begin to form in the solution immediately after the addition of a seed crystal.

Excess solute crystallizes rapidly.

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Properties of Solutions >Factors Affecting Solubility16.1

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Properties of Solutions >

How much silver nitrate can dissolve in 250 mL of 500C water?

If 14.8 grams of potassium chlorate is dissolved in 200 mL of water, at what temperature is the solution a saturated solution?

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Pressure

Changes in pressure have __________

_________ on the solubility of solids and liquids, but

pressure ______________ influences the solubility

of gases.

Gas solubility increases as the _____________

____________________ of the gas above the

solution increases.

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Henry’s law states that at a given

temperature, the ____________ (S) of a gas in

a liquid is directly proportional to the

______________ (P) of the gas above the

liquid.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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16.1


Practice Problems

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for Sample Problem 16.1

slide 1 of 39 © copyright pearson prentice hall properties of solutions > solution formation the...

Documents

saturated solution

solute sugar

cube of sugar

sugar cube

sugar crystals

substance dissolves

cold tea dissolves

cold water