slide 1 of 33 chemistry 24.5. © copyright pearson prentice hall slide 2 of 33 24.5 nucleic acids...
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Chemistry 24.5
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24.5 Nucleic Acids
Maybe people have told you that you have your mother’s eyes or your father’s nose. You do inherit the instructions for assembling the proteins of your body from your parents. You will learn what these instructions are called and how they code for proteins.
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Nucleic Acids >
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24.5 DNA and RNA
DNA and RNA
What are the functions of DNA and RNA?
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 DNA and RNA
Nitrogen-containing compounds, called nucleic acids, are polymers that are found primarily in cell nuclei. Two kinds of nuclei acids are found in cells:
• deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
• ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 DNA and RNA
DNA stores the information needed to make proteins and governs the reproduction and growth of cells and new organisms. RNA has a key role in the transmission of the information stored in DNA and in the synthesis of proteins.
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 DNA and RNA
The monomers that make up the DNA and RNA polymers are called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing unit called a nitrogen base.
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 DNA and RNA
These strands of DNA have been extracted from cellular material.
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 DNA and RNA
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 DNA and RNA
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Nucleic Acids > DNA and RNA
Simulation 29
Construct a portion of a DNA molecule.
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24.5 The Genetic Code
The Genetic Code
How long a base sequence of DNA is required to specify one amino acid in a peptide chain?
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 The Genetic Code
A gene is a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for making one peptide chain. The products of genes are the peptides and proteins found in an organism.
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 The Genetic Code
Three bases of DNA arranged in a specific sequence are required to specify one amino acid in a peptide or protein chain.
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 The Genetic Code
This space-filling model shows only a tiny segment of a DNA molecule.
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 The Genetic Code
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Nucleic Acids >
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24.5 Gene Mutations
Gene Mutations
What are gene mutations?
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 Gene Mutations
Substitutions, additions, or deletions of one or more nucleotides in the DNA molecule are called gene mutations.
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 Gene Mutations
Hemoglobin
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 Gene Mutations
The blood cells on the left have a distorted shape because of sickle cell anemia. Normal blood cells, like the ones on the right, have a doughnut-like shape.
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Nucleic Acids >
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24.5 DNA Fingerprinting
DNA Fingerprinting
What forms the basis for a method of identifying a person from biological samples?
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 DNA Fingerprinting
The variation in the DNA of individuals forms the basis for a method of identifying a person from samples of his or her hair, skin cells, or body fluid.
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 DNA Fingerprinting
This scientist is comparing DNA fingerprints. DNA fingerprinting is an important tool in the identification of people.
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Nucleic Acids >
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24.5 Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA Technology
What is recombinant DNA technology?
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA technology consists of methods for cleaving a DNA chain, inserting a new piece of DNA into the gap created by the cleavage, and resealing the chain.
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 Recombinant DNA Technology
Insertion of Foreign gene
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 Recombinant DNA Technology
Applications in Medicine
The first practical application of recombinant DNA technology was to insert the gene for making human insulin into bacteria. Diabetic patients use the human form of insulin produced by these bacteria.
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 Recombinant DNA Technology
Applications in Agriculture
New recombinant DNA techniques can make plants resistant to pests and weed killers and fruits and vegetables that are better suited for shipping and storage.
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Nucleic Acids >24.5 Recombinant DNA Technology
Cloning
A clone is an exact genetic copy of its parent because it is formed using the DNA of only that parent. Dolly the sheep had no father.
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Section Quiz
-or-Continue to: Launch:
Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section
24.5 Section Quiz.
24.5.
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24.5 Section Quiz.
1. Each nucleotide consists of a
a. phosphate, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base.
b. sulfate, a six-carbon sugar, and a phosphate base.
c. phosphorus, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base.
d. sulfate, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate base.
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24.5 Section Quiz.
2. Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers called
a. phospholipids.
b. amino acids.
c. nucleotides.
d. genes.
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24.5 Section Quiz.
3. Each word in the genetic code consists of a sequence of three
a. deoxyribose units.
b. RNA molecules.
c. bases.
d. amino acids.
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24.5 Section Quiz.
4. Scientists were able to produce human insulin by inserting a foreign gene into bacterial DNA. This technique is an example of
a. DNA fingerprinting.
b. recombinant DNA technology.
c. gene mutation.
d. cloning.
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