slide 1 of 30 chemistry 14.4. © copyright pearson prentice hall slide 2 of 30 14.4 gases: mixtures...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Slide 1 of 30
Chemistry 14.4
![Page 2: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 2 of 30
14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements
A list of gear for an expedition to Mount Everest includes climbing equipment, ski goggles, a down parka with a hood, and most importantly compressed-gas cylinders of oxygen. You will find out why a supply of oxygen is essential at higher altitudes.
![Page 3: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Gases: Mixtures and Movements >
Slide 3 of 30
14.4 Dalton’s Law
Dalton’s Law
How is the total pressure of a mixture of gases related to the partial pressures of the component gases?
![Page 4: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Slide 4 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Gases: Mixtures and Movements >14.4 Dalton’s Law
The contribution each gas in a mixture makes to the total pressure is called the partial pressure exerted by that gas.
![Page 5: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 5 of 30
14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Dalton’s Law
In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases.
![Page 6: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Slide 6 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Gases: Mixtures and Movements >14.4 Dalton’s Law
Dalton’s law of partial pressures states that, at constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.
![Page 7: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 7 of 30
Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Dalton’s Law
Animation 17
Observe the behavior of a mixture of nonreacting gases.
![Page 8: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Slide 8 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Gases: Mixtures and Movements >14.4 Dalton’s Law
Three gases are combined in container T.
![Page 9: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Slide 9 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Gases: Mixtures and Movements >14.4 Dalton’s Law
The partial pressure of oxygen must be 10.67 kPa or higher to support respiration in humans. The climber below needs an oxygen mask and a cylinder of compressed oxygen to survive.
![Page 10: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 10 of 30
14.6
![Page 11: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 11 of 30
14.6
![Page 12: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 12 of 30
14.6
![Page 13: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 13 of 30
14.6
![Page 14: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 14 of 30
Practice Problems for Sample Problem 14.6
Problem Solving 14.32
Solve Problem 32 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
![Page 15: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Gases: Mixtures and Movements >
Slide 15 of 30
14.4 Graham’s Law
Graham’s Law
How does the molar mass of a gas affect the rate at which the gas effuses or diffuses?
![Page 16: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Slide 16 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Gases: Mixtures and Movements >14.4 Graham’s Law
Diffusion is the tendency of molecules to move toward areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform throughout.
![Page 17: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Slide 17 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Gases: Mixtures and Movements >14.4 Graham’s Law
Bromine vapor is diffusing upward through the air in a graduated cylinder.
![Page 18: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Slide 18 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Gases: Mixtures and Movements >14.4 Graham’s Law
After several hours, the bromine has diffused almost to the top of the cylinder.
![Page 19: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Slide 19 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law
During effusion, a gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container.
Gases of lower molar mass diffuse and effuse faster than gases of higher molar mass.
![Page 20: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Slide 20 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law
Thomas Graham’s Contribution
Graham’s law of effusion states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas’s molar mass. This law can also be applied to the diffusion of gases.
![Page 21: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Slide 21 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law
Comparing Effusion Rates
A helium filled balloon will deflate sooner than an air-filled balloon.
![Page 22: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Slide 22 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law
Helium atoms are less massive than oxygen or nitrogen molecules. So the molecules in air move more slowly than helium atoms with the same kinetic energy.
![Page 23: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Slide 23 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law
Because the rate of effusion is related only to a particle’s speed, Graham’s law can be written as follows for two gases, A and B.
![Page 24: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Slide 24 of 30
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law
Helium effuses (and diffuses) nearly three times faster than nitrogen at the same temperature.
![Page 25: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 25 of 30
Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Graham’s Law
Animation 18
Observe the processes of gas effusion and diffusion.
![Page 26: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 26 of 30
Section Quiz
-or-Continue to: Launch:
Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section
14.4 Section Quiz.
14.4.
![Page 27: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 27 of 30
14.4 Section Quiz.
1. What is the partial pressure of oxygen in a diving tank containing oxygen and helium if the total pressure is 800 kPa and the partial pressure of helium is 600 kPa?
a. 200 kPa
b. 0.75 kPa
c. 1.40 104 kPa
d. 1.33 kPa
![Page 28: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 28 of 30
14.4 Section Quiz.
2. A mixture of three gases exerts a pressure of 448 kPa, and the gases are present in the mole ratio 1 : 2 : 5. What are the individual gas pressures?
a. 44 kPa, 88 kPa, and 316 kPa
b. 52 kPa, 104 kPa, and 292 kPa
c. 56 kPa, 112 kPa, and 280 kPa
d. 84 kPa, 168 kPa, and 196 kPa
![Page 29: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 29 of 30
14.4 Section Quiz.
3. Choose the correct words for the spaces. Graham's Law says that the rate of diffusion of a gas is __________ proportional to the square root of its _________ mass.
a. directly, atomic
b. inversely, atomic
c. inversely, molar
d. directly, molar
![Page 30: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 30 of 30
Gases: Mixtures and Movements > Concept Map 14
Concept Map 14
Solve the Concept Map with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
![Page 31: Slide 1 of 30 Chemistry 14.4. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 30 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements A list of gear for an expedition to Mount](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551c4edf5503467b488b519e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
END OF SHOW