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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

>The Nature of Gases Kinetic Theory and a Model for Gases

The word kinetic refers to motion.

• The ___________ an object has because of its

________ is called __________ ___________.

• According to the ___________ theory, all

___________ consists of _________ ________

that are in _____________

_____________________.

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According to kinetic theory:

• The particles in a gas are considered to be small,

hard spheres with an _______________ volume.

• The motion of the particles in a gas is _______ ,

_________ and __________.

• All collisions between particles in a gas are perfectly

__________.

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A. Particles in a gas are in rapid, constant motion.

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B. Gas particles travel in straight-line paths.

C. The gas fills the container.

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>The Nature of Gases Gas Pressure

Gas _____________ results from the force

exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object.

• An empty space with no particles and no pressure is

called a _____________.

• _______________ pressure results from the

collisions of atoms and molecules in air with objects.

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Gas pressure is the result of

simultaneous ______________ of

billions of rapidly moving particles in

a gas with an __________.

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A _____________ is a device that is used to measure atmospheric pressure.

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• The SI unit of pressure is the _____________ (Pa).

• One standard atmosphere (atm) is the

pressure required to support _______ mm of

mercury in a mercury barometer at 25°C.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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>The Nature of Gases Kinetic Energy and Temperature

Average Kinetic Energy

The particles in any collection of atoms or

molecules at a given temperature have a

________ ___________ of kinetic energies.

Most of the particles have kinetic energies

somewhere in the ___________ of this range.

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>The Nature of Gases Kinetic Energy and Temperature13.1

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_________ _____________ (0 K, or –273.15°C) is the temperature at which the motion of particles theoretically ceases.

• Particles would have ___ kinetic energy at absolute zero.

• Absolute zero has ___________ been produced in the laboratory.

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Average Kinetic Energy and Kelvin Temperature

The Kelvin temperature of a substance

is _________ ______________ to the

average kinetic energy of the particles

of the substance.

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