Slide 1 - EvolutionChange in species over.

Slide 2People used to believe:

•Species are designed by a divine creator (aka God).

•Are fixed (aka unchanging). In other words, species have not changed over the years.

•False belief Earth is only 6000 years old. Earth is actually 4.6 Billion Years Old.

Slide 3Charles Darwin came up with the theory of

evolution!He Lived in the 1800s.

.

Slide 4 - Darwin’s Voyage

1831 at age 22 Darwin took a

job as a naturalist

(Person who studies nature such as plants and animals) on the English

ship HMS Beagle.

Slide 5 - Darwin’s voyage on the BeagleHe started his trip in England and sailed all over the world.

Slide 6 - Galapagos IslandsHe is known for his stop in the Galapagos Islands.

He studied each Island in the chain and found species were very similar, but unique compared to species in

South America, which is only 500 miles away.

Slide 7 - Galapagos TortoiseMuch bigger than tortoises on South America.

More food in the Islands compared to the mainland.

Slide 8 - Galapagos IguanaIsland Iguanas have claws

Mainland Iguanas don’t have claws.Claws allow iguanas to grasp onto rocks in the ocean.

Mainland iguanas eat on land.

Slide 9 - Galapagos FinchesGalapagos finches have different beaks than mainland birds,

because they feed on different food.

Slide 10 – SpeciesOrganisms of the same species have:

Similar traits + Reproduce + Produce fertile offspring.

Horse + Donkey = MuleMule cannot reproduce

Thus, Horse and Donkey a separate species even though they can have offspring.

Slide 11Natural SelectionWhat causes species to change (aka evolve)!

Giraffes eat tree leaves.If short giraffes can’t

reach the leaves, they will starve and die. Only tall giraffes will survive to reproduce. Since they have tall genes, their

offspring will be tall too. This is what drives

populations to change, “Survival of the Fittest!

Slide 12 Before the Industrial Revolution

Birds eat Peppered moths.Before industrial revolution tree had light bark.Since dark moths stood out, they were eaten by

birds.

Light moths population increase!Dark moths population decreased!

Slide 13After the Industrial Revolution

Soot and ash pollution from industry covered trees.Tree bark became darker.

Dark moths no longer stood out, but white moths did!

Light moths population decreased!Dark moths population increased!

Slide 14 - Evidence of Evolution

Fossils

Adaptations

Anatomy

Embryology

Biochemistry

Slide 15 - FossilsShowed that whale ancestors once lived on land.

Scientists know this because whales still have a hind-leg bone inside of them which is meant for walking, not swimming!

The hind-leg one currently has no use in the whale!

Slide 16 - AdaptationsAny trait that increases an organisms chances for

survival. Structural Physiological

Wax-Coated Leaves prevents evaporation

Evolves RAPIDLY

Slide 17 - Structural Adaptations

Mimicry

Camouflage

Slide 18 - MimicryMimic = to copy someone

When one species resembles another species.

Slide 19 - CamouflageMatching in color with surroundings!

Slide 20 - Anatomy

Homologous Structures

Analogous Structures

Vestigial Structures

Slide 21 - Homologous StructuresHomo = Same

Same structures between species. Come from common ancestor!

Slide 22 - Analogous StructuresBird and Bugs both fly, but wings are a different structure.

Bird Wings = Bone (mainly proteins)Bug Wings = Chitin (mainly carbohydrates)

Slide 23Homology Versus Analogy

Slide 24 - Vestigial StructureA body structure in a present-day

organism that no longer serves its original purpose, but was probably useful to an

ancestor.

Whale ancestors lived on land and walked, so they needed a hind-leg bone.

Whales still have this structure inside of them, but don’t use it because they live in the ocean now and swim.

Slide 25 – Human Vestigial OrganAppendix

Slide 26Vestigial Structure

Examples:Mole Rat

Eyes

OstrichWings

Slide 27 – EmbryoThe first stage of development.

Slide 28 – EmbryologyCompares the embryos of different species.

Scientist have found they look alike.All have a gill pouch and anal tail.

Slide 29 - Can you tell which will become a chicken? Cat? Bat?

Snake? Human? Possum?All look the same.

Slide 30 – Which one is a cat? Can you tell yet?

Slide 31 – What about now? Which one will turn into a cat?

All these organisms evolved from the same common ancestor

Slide 33 - BiochemistrySome organisms have similar DNA sequences.

Slide 34 - For Example:

Versus

Chimpanzee Gorilla

Slide 35 - For Example:

Versus

Chimpanzee Rose Bush