sleep dreams hypnosis. sleep disorders insomnia 1 in 10 adults recurring problems in falling or...
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SleepDreams
Hypnosis
SLEEP DISORDERS
INSOMNIA• 1 IN 10 ADULTS RECURRING
PROBLEMS IN FALLING OR STAYING ASLEEP• EXERCISE, AVOID CAFFEINE, AND
HAVE REGULATED SLEEP Helps prevent insomnia
NARCOLEPSY• A SLEEP DISORDER
CHARACTERIZED BY UNCONTROLLABLE SLEEP ATACKS• MAY LAPSE Directly INTO REM
SLEEP lasting 5 to 10 minutes• 1 IN 2000
SLEEP APNEA• THIS IS WHEN BREATHING STOPS
DURING SLEEP• 1 IN 20 • APNEA MEANS NO BREATH• A Person WAKES But THEY DON’T
KNOW THEY’RE DOING IT, • CAN BE CONNECTED TO OBESITY.
NIGHT TERRORS•MOSTLY IN CHILDREN• THEY SELDOM WAKE UP FULLY
DURING AN EPISODE AND RECALL LITTLE•MOST HAVE A FRIGHTENING
IMAGE
SLEEP WALKING• IS A STAGE 4 SLEEP DISORDER• THE LONGER YOUR ASLEEP IN
STAGE 4 THE MORE LIKELY TO SLEEP WALK• EVENTUALLY ENDS FROM
DECREASE IN STAGE 4
We Dream To Satisfy our own wishes
• Dreams provide a “psychic safety valve” – expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings; contain manifest (remembered) content and a deeper layer of latent content (hidden message).
• Freud considered dreams the key to understanding our inner conflict
• Some contend that even if dreams are symbolic, they could be interpreted any way one wished.
We Dream To File Away Memories
• Information- Processing• Dreams help us sore out the day’s events and
consolidate our memories • There is a link between REM Sleep and
memory
We Dream To Develop and Preserve
Neural Pathways
• Physiological Function• Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may
help develop and preserve neural pathways• Makes developmental sense
We Dream to To Make Sense of Neural Static
• Activation- Synthesis• REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes
random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories.
• Damage to the limbic system (emotional tone to visual bursts) and the visual centers (frontal lobe) will impair dreaming
We DreamTo Reflect Cognitive Development
• Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development-their knowledge and understanding
• Dreams are a part of brain maturation and cognitive development
REM Rebound• Tendency for REM sleep to increase following
REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)
• Biological and psychological explanations of behavior are partners not competitors
What is Hypnosis
• Hypnosis- a social interaction in which they hypnotist suggests to a subject that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.
Can anyone experience hypnosis?
• Everyone is open to suggestions but how much suggestion determines how “hypnotizable” someone is.
• People that are more imaginative, more likely to get lost in movies or other forms of fiction are more hypnotizable.
• About 20% of all people are highly hypnotizable
Can hypnosis enhance recall of forgotten events?
• Most of the research preformed in the last sixty years suggests that the ability to recover childhood memories is false.
• Hypnotically refreshed memories are guided by the hypnotist and then the subject combines fact and fiction
Can hypnosis force people to act against their will?
• NO
Can Hypnosis be Therapeutic?• It has helped with headaches, asthma, stress-
related skin disorders, and obesity.• Drug, alcohol, and smoking addictions do not
respond.
Posthypnotic Suggestions
A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
Hypnosis as a Social Phenomenon
• Some researches believe that hypnotic phenomena reflect the workings of normal consciousness and the power of social influence
• The more someone likes or trusts the hypnotist, the more they allow that person to direct their attention
• Advocates of the social influence theory contend that hypnotic phenomena are an extension of everyday social behavior not hypnosis.
Hypnosis as Divided Consciousness
• Distinctive brain activity accompanies hypnosis.
• Many believe hypnosis involves not only social influence but also a dissociation- a split between different levels of consciousness
• Selective attention may also cause hypnosis
Social Phenomenon or Divided Consciousness?
• Belief that there are no contradictions between the two approaches
• Hypnosis is an extension both of normal principles of social influence and of everyday dissociations between our conscious awareness and our automatic behaviors