sled level ii & iii

8/6/2019 Sled Level II & III

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y The purpose of the course is to ensure every officerauthorized to carry a firearm is properly trainedand well educated in the use of deadly force.


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1. Use of Force2. Deadly Force3. Shoot Dont Shoot4. Shooting Classifications5. Firearms Liability6. Departmental Firearms Policy

7. Common Sense Dos and Donts8. Guidelines


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yy People placed in positions to exercisePeople placed in positions to exercisepower over others have been and willpower over others have been and willcontinue to be in high public profilecontinue to be in high public profilestatus. Why? Because others with powerstatus. Why? Because others with powerhave abused it. Verbal commands arehave abused it. Verbal commands areconsidered a form of force, because yourconsidered a form of force, because your

commands are causing them to act in acommands are causing them to act in amanner to comply with your wishesmanner to comply with your wishes..


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yThe duty and authority of an officerto make an arrest necessarily

carries with it the right to employsuch reasonablereasonable force as may benecessarynecessaryin order to take the

offender into custody.


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yWhen necessary to affect an arrest

yWhen necessary to stop resistance

yWhen necessary to prevent escapeyWhen necessary to protect self or

others


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y The horizontal Force Option line provides a series ofresponses which are available for use by officers whenconfronting subjects.


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y Dialogue is the best defense tactic. It is the most basic use of force thatcan be employed. Dialogue as a means of persuading an individual tocomply is the foundation on which all additional force is built. Talking tosubjects into compliance avoids the inherent dangers of a physicalconfrontation in which the officer or subject may be injured.


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If dialog is not effective, the next means of gaining control is the useof an escort technique. This is a low level compliance procedure,non-threatening and non-violent. The purpose of the escortcompliance is to remove from the area a subject who may present a

threat to the officer or the public.


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When an escort technique fails or would be unsafe, the next forceoption is a pain compliance technique. Pain compliance results themanipulation of a joint to cause pain. Compliance results from aneffort on the part of the individual to relieve discomfort.


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When mechanical controls fail, the use of an impact weapon is required.The baton is an intermediate level of force and bridges the gap between theuse of hands or fists and the use of a firearm to control an assailant. Theofficer that is not issued a baton but carries a firearm has no use of force

option between hands of fists and the use of deadly force.


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Finally, if the intermediate force of a baton provides inappropriate or isineffective, the firearm may be required to stop the subject.


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The vertical Subject Action line delineates the assailants action during aconfrontation. The horizontal Force Options define the officers

defensive responses.


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The Officer Reaction line bisects the Subject Action line and the ForceOption Line, marking the officers reaction to an increased use of violence

by the subject. As the subject resists, the lever of force must increase tomaintain control.


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y The goal when faced with a confrontation is to control the subject. It isimperative that this control not be a 50/50 balance. The officer must

win not just 50% of the time, but 100% of the time.

y If half the confrontations result in a failure to control a subject, the

officer and the general public are put in critical danger.y An officer needs to maintain control. Each technique employed in a

confrontational situation must be evaluated in terms of its likelihoodto gain control compared to its likelihood to cause damage.

y Techniques which offer a high degree of control and a limited potential

for damage are preferred options.y A defensive tactic is evaluated by its ability to Control vs. Injure.


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y A misconception of those who do not understand the concept of theConfrontational Continuum is the assumption that officers must

exhaust every lower option before moving to a higher level of response.y Such thinking is both naive and dangerous

y The purpose of the Confrontational Continuum is to give officers aguide to selection of reasonable force options.

y There is no requirement to attempt implementation of each lower level

alternative.y In evaluating techniques, a final consideration must be made to insure

officer safety. This involves the officers ability to instantly disengage orescalate in response to a confrontation.

y Techniques which tie an officer to a subject must be rejected.

y Techniques which do not allow the ability to escalate the force optionin response to a subjects threat are unacceptable.


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All actions, relational factors between parties and conditionssurrounding the street confrontational comprise the Totality of theSituation. These include the Officer/Subject Factors and the SpecialCircumstances listed below. Each relevant condition relates to the

confrontation in determining the officers course of action.OFFICER/SUBJECT FACTORS

Age

Gender

Size

Fitness

Skill level

Multiple officers

Multiple subjects


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y It is reasonable that a discrepancy in the age, gender,

physical size, fitness or skill level of individualsinvolved in the confrontation may mandate that anofficer use more or less force to control the situation.

y In a similar manner, it would be reasonable for a single

officer to use more force in controlling a situationwhen confronted by multiple subjects.


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In addition to Officer/Subject Factors, a confrontation may includeSpecial Circumstances which would allow an officer to increase the useof force.

SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES

Close Proximity to firearm/weapon

Special Knowledge

Injury or exhaustion

Ground positionDisability

Imminent danger

A subject in close proximity to a firearm or other weapon creates an

increased danger to the officer which must be dealt with immediately.An officer may have special knowledge of a subjects skills that wouldrequire the use of increased force. An officer who is injured, exhausted,on the ground, disabled or is in imminent danger would be justified inescalating through the use of Force Options.


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ySelf DefenseyIn defense of a third person

yTo halt a fleeing felon (who isarmed and presenting a threat toyou or others)

yTo prevent the commission of adangerous felony


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y Is Deadly Force justified to prevent aMisdemeanor?

y NOy Deadly force shall not be used in making a misdemeanor

arrest.

y The only exception is when the offender commits afelony, only then do the rules applicable to felony arrest

apply.


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sled level ii & iii

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