skull sternum ribs vertebral column metatarsals metacarpals phalanges clavicle scapula humerus...
TRANSCRIPT
Skull
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebral column
Metatarsals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
RadiusPelvis
UlnaCarpals
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsals
Phalanges
Section 36-1
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
DO NOW
Skull or Cranium
Clavicle
Scapula
Costals (Ribs)
Vertebra
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Sternum
ClavicleScapula
Costals (Ribs)Humerus
VertebraUlna
Radius
Pelvis
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Bones of the Hand
Carpals
Bones of the Hand
Metacarpals
Carpals
Bones of the Hand
Phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
Bones of the Foot
Bones of the Foot
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Skeletal System and Disorders
Give Yourself a Hand
If you’ve ever looked at a construction site, you know that a building is supported by a framework of beams. Your body also has a supporting framework. Instead of steel beams, bones support the human body. The beams that support a building are attached in a way that forms a rigid structure. Unlike these beams, the bones that support the body are connected in a way that allows them to move.
The Skeletal System• Parts of the skeletal system
– Bones (skeleton)– Joints– Cartilages– Ligaments
• Two subdivisions of the skeleton– Axial skeleton– Appendicular skeleton
Functions of Bones• Support the body• Protect soft organs• Allow ________________due to
attached skeletal muscles• Store ___________and ____________.• ______________cell formation
movement
minerals fatsBlood
• The outside layers of bone are ____________and __________. •These layers contain mostly _____________, such as calcium.
•It takes a lot of force to break bones.
hard strong
minerals
• Bones are ________structures. •Bones contain ___________and___________.
•Bones __________and __________as you do.
•Bones can also ____themselves if they break.
living
blood nervesgrow
develop fix
• The center of many bones contains soft tissue called _____________. • _________marrow makes
blood cells. • ___________ marrow stores
fat in case the body needs it for energy.
marrow
Red
Yellow
Spongy bone
Compact bone
Periosteum
Bone marrow
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Artery
VeinPeriosteum
Figure 36-3 The Structure of Bone
False Pelvis False Pelvis
Inlet of True Pelvis
Pelvic Arch
Less than 900 More than 900
Male Female
• A __________ is where two bones meet.
• Tough tissues called______________ hold together the bones in movable joints.
• A tissue called _________________covers the ends of the bones.
• Cartilage keeps the bones from rubbing together at the joint.
joint
ligaments
Cartilage
Ball-and-Socket Joint
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint
Saddle Joint
Clavicle
Ball-and-socket joint
ScapulaHumerus Femur
Patella
Hinge jointTibia
Fibula
Humerus
Radius
Pivot joint
Ulna
Metacarpals
CarpalsSaddle joint
Figure 36-4 Freely Movable Joints and Their Movements
Section 36-1
Demonstrating the Importance of Friction-Reducing Structures.Obtain a small water balloon and clamp. Partially fill the balloon with water (it should still be flaccid), and clamp it closed..Position the balloon atop one of your fists and press down on its top surface with the other fist. Push on the balloon until your two fists touch, and move your fists back and forth over one another. Assess the amount of friction generated..Unclamp the balloon and add more water. The goal is to get just enough water in the balloon so that your fists cannot come into contact with one another but remain separated by a thin water layer when pressure is applied to the balloon..Once again, perform the same movements to assess the amount of friction generated.• .How does the presence of a sac containing fluid influence the amount of
friction generated?
• .What anatomical structure(s) does the water-containing balloon mimic?
• .What anatomical structures might be represented by your fists?
• As people get older, their bones may lose minerals. Then the bones are weak and break easily. osteoporosis (ahs tee oh puh ROH sis)
• A _________a break in a bone. The bone may be just cracked, or it may be completely broken in two.• A __________is when the end of a bone comes out of its joint.• A ___________is when ligaments are stretched and torn. Sprains are the most common joint injuries.
fracture
dislocation
sprain
What kind of fracture is this?It’s kind of tough to tell, but this is a _ _ _ _ _ _ fracture.
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Skeletal Changes Throughout Life
Figure 5.35