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Ohalm i i 8.8iwi»».

Tk* ■ • • * * » « oponod by Roy. Ph«k« with pra/or.Chairman «- Int. I . U p i l u u a ,

s i ^ » . « .•hmll « » . xT -4-.“ w_ _ ” .x* *»•* ao«tiu . Tho UVI£“■= S sr„‘: m 'alKF ?£ F iftZ"i£l^!iL;EJ:SsL‘!S:- "• '^ ^ . - ..thank you I "5?* “ d dau*ht« « o* Afrioa Iao, . . I . k . « “ . “ i ' l d” , “0JiTi / “u1* B» « r ” « ?8od do.. » « r . « th .t tu i. i f r i o , n«tloS JXt b . f r ^ d ' tat tk f* '

S K S S & iK S sS E ito g S wa S s ^ ^ S s H & s s s• Urte th. r i « h t ^ S r ^ f ^ c l n r ’h,r* itacon*™ .. ■ o rS .B^ ‘. „ £ f ! i ! * p*£ !° " who « « « « ! . • tk.»k l. p l.t fo r * t a lk lu Jtaut w S f i d S tIU” S!“ " “* ° *

in th l. country .u .t . i g ^ j k i i «i£J £ r" ? « S ^ h“ J t . J ! " f " '

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g i i ^ --asn f L . ^ ? ^ .E. r ^ h. £ s ri £ - o' 7 t f : £ ■ & : •

% :i:r;b.w„%di T* sfaf.?a 5but hs saw tho boot* of Malan ru»ni« ao®«Pj»d thoir ohallon*o* a»ror o t m t L „ running *way. Our «o«on .hall

a r5 £ S ? S SsKL12,>«»«■ w. » » « w iit« L M . . ti. L ! : ! '.‘!. ^ " r J * °n

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S S / S J w ! * * * * * * * *

=.*3 s5 3 £ ’a rS S S 2%'ry « « ! » • • i » not bitiMi, tho #5Jt £ a£ li5 U!S1?*,“ wk* •*■£ 8* s r r : * r / ot 5 * ® * - £ 3 u 1s.,£ s * ^ ° . * s r s ;

as=“«£«\r3&J

lag m s a k M U N of yoa M d H ne»e ^ Twt <»XXy ou r ^ w a U t M t i M i . 1 m M l tha Zfctah paopltftakiag *«t thab l M k m b froa elmreh. r

«%a p.trink ^VflT- Safi* B.Tahabalala (***•*) *■!■•Ith a a k yea m £ t M d daughtere of Afriea "*•» J lo^ «at this youth of Africa. To da*y the Afrikaner are recruitiag their jouth. Today the bellawa afAfrikaaer boad la alarory. today they believe that Afrioaa wonaa v a t oarry !*•■•■. oarrrlBi p a » |ort, thlak they shall aot hare tho right of work la taolr ooantry. I oippaal to tha youth that auat African lot Congreee ie a polloy of African people. The gort.It still golag to athar AAfftaalt lava. Our people hare not J 9 \ B 99B. that thay o u t fight for tholr labourehip. I ahall aay ihe Afrikaner art fortunrfa. That la why today thoy oppraaa as hy dividing edueatioa. Soaa aad daughtara of Afrioa thaaa Dutch beye rua with thaaa aator oara haaaaaa of black aaa*

fi,th Ipaalrar Tiaaa Bn tola. lnt%Chairman aad fallow clarea I thank you . Today I try to epeafc about freedea ohartar. Tha draft waa drawn at I l i p t o T O ^ i c h aay. paopla ahall gorera. What wa aaan if wa aay peonle ahall aovera. we naan all paopla of tho Aiffereat ooloar ahall gorara. Tha South Afriea today belong* to Butch bora. Today wa ara aafferlag haaaaaa af thaaa boya. Today boro la South Africa tha paae lawa ara iatroduoad booauaa wa ara toola. Today wa hare aoffta-in* froa thoaa unaiatlng. Wa ara aallad barbariaaa, uneducated by thaaa paopla. Follow aaa Afrlaa to fruit of wledea. I would like to appaal to thoaa algaad froadoa ohartar to look it eaya paopla ahall gorera. Hake up Afrlaana you will aaa tha atar that laada you. laylbuya.

T»>> T«Kahalala. £agl. Inter. S.Malupe. Seeotho.*I thaak you Chairaan aoaa aad daaghtara of Africa. Taa la 1910 whaa thaaa whita paopla aaaa togathar ao aa to oppreae ua. That la why today wa do M t want to go to church. look for our freedom. That la today wa waat to kaow why tha*e oeoule dug our forafathara coentry. It»over 300 years wa ary, aad It la why we aaaaaahla hara. It U r yeara looking at Swart aad Strydoa why? That la why thaaa Dutch people are hare be­cause of fear. Tiae la coning. Tou ahall be ^ueetioned why are ao thia#WIf you aay la Strydoa than you giro up rouraelf. Toa Terwoerd whaa Afrlaa buaka you will wake up froa bed.Africa!

ft-fth Snaafear Thao MfWt1 Bngl. Inter. Xaaac Bokala. Seaotho.I aa pleased that r K a i e beea offered tha ohanoe to apeak to tha Afrleaaa. Siaae the ftatah paopla oaaa hora they ahew tfcat

««e a r aot free baaaaae day aad alght JtL,1"11*Why are wa aot afraid. We aaat gat off the eell outa er thay are pollee or teaehara beoanae of thla baa*«

‘‘Terwoerd llkea to coaa la Johaaneeburg hla I*tehee tell hia that hs ahall be attaaked by tha Afrleaaa. Today the Sort, haa ia- el ted « a paopla agalaat him* Taday whaa aoaa at Orlaade yau ara teld that Xoeaa there Koaothaa thla slds, and aa «a. Taday tiM lawt. Terwoerd la alttlag right la hia hoaee» hat hla peer fellawa ara hara. Afrika laylbuya!

( i f * . )11/1/54.

OOlVf/lWS.

; . EXHIBIT G. 228.4L.

AFSKRIF VAN NOTAS GEMAAK DEUR N/SAONST. SOLOMON DUNGA :

A. N. C. W. L. ALEXANDRA ;

JOHANNESBURG : 25 /3/56.

A.N.C. Women's League.

Public Meeting held at No, 3 Square, Alexandra Township

on Sunday a 25*3.56 s Meeting commenced at 10.15 a.m.

Meth advertised - unknown : Est Attendance ; 150 ;

Collection amount : Unknown :

Chairman:

V. Mngoma : J. Hadebe - Zulu : K. Peloo :

Sotho :

You will excuse me because I am going to

speak in English. Mothers and daughters of Africa, we

are gathered here under the auspices of the A.N.C. Women's

League, You should of course know something about the

A.N.C. The A.N.C. is the vanguard of the African people

and it is an organisation which foresees what the people

should do and what they should not do. We in the A.N.C,

have also got a women's League under whose auspices women

should come together and discuss their own problems.

Some time ago women used to regard congress as a man's or­

ganisation, but they have now seen that what has happened

to their husbands and sons will also happen to them too.

For many years the African menfolk have been carrying the

burden of passes, but the government has announced their

intention to extend the pass system to women also - After

all these years of misery this evil government is im­

posing the laws on our women - so we don't want these pas­

ses. It will depend upon us whether we are prepared to

carry these passes or not, I have here some visitors.

On my extreme left is Mr. Helen Joseph, secretary of the

S.A.W.F. and member of the Ex. Comm, of S.A.C.O.D. When

you are fighting a common enemy we believe that we should

stand together irrespective of race, colour or creed.

You should therefore listen carefully to her and to the

other speakers that I am going to call to address you.

Catherine Mogai;

J , J . Hadebe (Z). Dear Africans we have

come here today to go into the pass problem because as

far as the Dutch people are concerned the position in

Winburg it seems as if the African women are doomed to

perish like their menfolk. The pass will bring con­

siderable miserty to our African women despite the pro­

paganda by the Strydomites and the Verwoerd clique that

the pass is a book. We are under the impression that

the African women's passes are their babies. When you

are carrying your baby on your back you are carrying your

pass. The pass has murdered our husbands, our sons and

the brothers. Today you are going to ask for permission

from the n/comm. to go to Evaton to go and attend your

fathers funeral and he might easily refuse permission.

We don't want these passes and we shall not carry them

so long as we live I

Helen Joseph;

(E) J.J. Hadebe ( Z) ; K. Peloo (S).

Madamechair, sons and daughters of Africa I come here to

bring you the greetings of the S.A.W.F. and the S.A.C.O.D.

but as I stand here today I speak as a daughter of Africa.

Let me first explain to you what this F.S.A.W. is. It

is a Fed. which is not looking upon one organisation only

but seeks to affiliate all the various women's organisa­

tions for only then can it be a federation of all the

women in S.A. It is the only multi-racial organisation

of S.A. because what is bad for the African women is bad

for me too as a woman because if the African women are

going to carry passes I feel the itch too as a woman.

3.

Last time I spoke to the Alexandra women it was just "be­

fore that wonderful march to Pretoria. That day there

were ahout 2,000 women of mixed races and in face of this

force, Verwoerd, Donges and them ran away. Then came

the threat that African women are going to carry passes.

Then again on Sunday 11 the F. of S.A. women called a

meeting which was attended by 1,200 women and 700 men

at the Trades Hall. The African women, Indian Women.V-l "

Coloured women and the European women came to protest

against this cruel tyranny by the Nats. Everyone knows

what the passes have done to our African men and their

families. We women know that the African women have to

seek for their men for many days before they find their

husbands in gaol. We also know that now the African

mothers will leave their children alone hungry and go to

gaol because of the pass. Hence the resolution hy that

mighty gathering at Trades Hall that this shall not he.

They condemned the pass laws and all the other oppressive

laws. The African women resolved that they shall go

again to Pretoria, not 2,000 this time but 10,000 women

^ to Strijdom not Verwoerd. We shall say that we are the

women of S.n. and we shall not bear the terrible humilia­

tion against the African women through passes. And I

want to tell you that there is no force in the world which

will stop the women from doing what they are determined

to do. To the men I sgryou are strong but the women are

stronger because we have given birth to all the children

in this world and shall God not give us the strength to

defend the rights of the children we have given birth

"k°* Preedom in our lifetime and no passes for women.

Lilian Ngoyi;

Xosa : J.J, Hadebe : Sesotho : Mrs. Chair­

man, sons and daughters of the country of our birth. I

wan t you to.? I an sorry that the chairman has exposed

the fact that the ? I was overseas and that I should

explain to you picturesquely what I saw overseas. I

am sorry that there is a menace on our African women

namely the passes. We see today two branches of the

African National Congress and there is a song in the A.N.

C. that there are two ways but you have to choose one.

Yes, friends, on Friday in Parliament Strydom said there

should be one flag and one Nat. Anthem. I hope that he

should understand that there shall be only one flag, the

A.N.C. flag, and if he is deceiving himself if that there

shall be the Union Jack, we should tell him that the wind

will tear it to pieces before we lay our hands on it.

They also speak in scandalising terms of the national an­

them - Nkosi Sikelele Afrika. To those who still speak

of two flags within the A.N.C. I want to warn them of the

fate of Herod when he practised his tyranny on the people

of God. You are a people friends, the people of God,

These Butch people are Hitler's offspring. I come from

the country where the Heil Hitler salute was practiced and

the same thing as Strydom and his Herrenvolk Nationalism,

Today Hitler's grave is not known but the German nation is

still there. In Germany it was nott oppression on the black

people but white on white. Today the Museam is still there

where Hitler used to roast his people alive. These Dutch

people are the descendants of Hitler, Look for instance

Kotane is banned and Gwentshe deported. To the minds of

the Nationalists they t h -ught that by today there would be

no congress. I want to tell you just this there is no

power on earth or in heaven which will beat the desire of

humanity, we are not bothered by the pegs, bans and deporta­

tions, Tomorrow we might hear that Helen Joseph is banned

because the spirit in Alex. Township is that she is inciting

us. If we are going to fight we should be armed first

against the pass laws. Our husbands have been turned

into boys by means of dirty papers called passes, A

pass changes a valiant strong man to a ghost and you will

hesj.r him saying 'These things defeated our forefathers

and what can we do about it? Just because ynur grand­

fathers used to carry passes are we just going to allow

ourselves to b e victimized by this filthy dirty paper.

Today the misery which has been victimising our irenfoik all

these years is extended upon us. I do not say our women­

folk should not carry passes but you must know just this.

If an African women takes this book into her hands, she

will be having with her the knife with which she will

stab herself in the long run. Women, daughters of our

country it is now our time that we should defend the rights

of the children which we are bringing into the world. Let

us show this govt, that it is no longer the last 300 years

when our fathers used to be kicked on his behinds and still

say 'Bankie baas 1 to a Dutch boy'. Now as far as Bantu

Education is concerned it was made in order to enslave the

minds of the African children so that they should think

that they are inferior to other races. These Butch people

speak of apartheid during the day and at night we are their

sweethearts. Look at Noordgezight, full of coloureds the

children of these Butch policemen, with our African women.

Just some time ago in G-ermiston a Butch boy recently raped

two African girls of the same family. With Bantu Educa­

tion our children are just going to learn to say Ja Baas

and Nee Baas it's fuck all Baas Man i You are alive,

you are human beings, you should know that. Look at the

Verwoerd ethnic grouping in Meadowlands. There is nothing

that you will hot do for yourselves in the world, women,

if you are determined.

31.3.56 ; C.Hall ; Orlando : All women to attend -

Women's day of Prayer throughout South Africa - 2 days.

F. Mposho : (s) James Hadebe ; ( Z) s

W>men of Africa we have now come to the

cross roads when someone has to decide which way to take

between that of Verwoerd and that of Congress. We

should be careful of the misery which accompanies the

passes on the women. We should after considering the

effect of the pass system on our African menfold be de­

termined to fight against the passes. We shall rather

prefer to to go gaol than carry a pass. Let us prepare

ourselves fellow Africans for rhis great war for our

rights. Fellow Africans awake I Let us organise our­

selves for the great protest march to Pretoria. Let us

educate our people against such evils as the pass. This

pass will not discriminate according to age. Everyone

will be arrested for the pass. We should go to fill up

the Union buildings. We should try to make a resolution

that on a certain day we should have a protest march here

in Alexandra Township to the Native Commissioners office

against the introduction of the permit system on our

people. We should also make a procession against the

pass.

Announcement Nzos Friday conference (National) Appeal to

youth to pay 2/- each.

Kopie/4/-

ftuccKjL (/n^Uoy

EXHIBIT G. 230.

1.

4/COPIES/JAP - AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS WOMENS LEAGUE

PROCESSION IN ALEXANDRA TOWNSHIP ON FRIDAY THE 6TH

APRIL 1956.

I, solomon Dunga, No. 3744 N/D/Constable,

hereby make oath a.nd say: -

I am a Native Detective Constable in the

South African Police stationed at the Grays and attached

to the Security Branch, Divisional Headquarters, district

No. 39> Johannesburg. On Friday the 6th day of April,

1956 while on duty at Alexandra Township and at about

7 p.m., I noticed anumber of native men and women some of

whom I know to be members of the African National Con­

gress gathered in front of a shop owned by one Native

male Phineas Nene whom I know to be also a member of the

African National Congress. This shop is situate at No,

132 - 3rd Avenue which is also Phineas Nene's Residence,

At about 7.15 pm on the same day these

natives left Nanefs place and took a northerly direction

through third Avenue, and I followed them. They were

singing popular African National Congress songs such as

"Imithetho ka Strijdom isiphethe Nzina Joyinani i-Congress

Cibe ngamavolontiya Makaqule Ngo Mfazi wake annike a Ma

Pasi" Which means : -

"The laws of Strijdom are oppressing us -

Join ye Congress and become volunteers - Let him give his

wife a pass first".

(2) There about 20 Natives of both sexes and most of them

were native youths.

(3) There were no banners a.nd no speeches were made.

The procession was led by Phineas Nene. They went

through 3rd Avenue into S e l b o m e Street and took an

easterly direction. At the corner of 12th Avenue aid

Selbourne Street they dispersed at about 9*30 pm. This

procession was mainly intended to incite Native women

not to carry passes. Also in the procession were: -

1. Johannes Billings.

2. James Rndebe.

3. Thomas Nkobi.

4. Flora Mposho.

5. George Lebona.

It is rumoured that at the place where

N/male Goerge Lebona is staying in 4th Avenue, Alexandra

Township some meetings are held during the night. I

have also seen this native male distributing leaflets in

the Township.

Report by me at 9*30 am at The Grays on 7.4.56.

Solomon Dunga.

COPY OP NOTES MADE BY SOLOMON DUNGA OF A MEETING

OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS HELD AT ALEXANDRA

ON 8.4.56.

African National congress public meeting

held at No. 2 Square Alexandra Township on Sun. 8th April

1956. Meeting comm, at 10.55 a.m. to 11.45 a.m.

estimated attd. 20 natives. Method Advertised unknown.

Collection Nil. • —

CHAIRMAN - BANISON MAKWANA. — Xosa E. Ntsele Sesotho. —

It is a pity that this meeting has such

a poor attendance. Why this is so is probably on account

of the fact that during the lase week we had a conference

at Orlando and we had no meetings. Next week on the 15th

we have a big meeting of the Youth at Germiston. and on

the 22nd April we shall be having a big meeting at Alexan­

dra. We shall have a very short meeting today. I will

however call upon Mr. Nene to give you the leport on the

National Conference at Orlando.

PHINEAS NENE° Zulu Sam Masemula S.

Since I have been called upon the chair­

man to give a report on the Nat. Conference at Orlando last

week. It was a very spectacular occasion that we had.

The youth played bands and formed up a procession around

the Township, Then on Sat. at 1 pm the Conference was

opened. The main topic of discussion was the adoption

of the Freedom Charter because by last year at Kliptown

the Freedom charter was drafted and yet later some members

who had not challenged it when it was drafted started

speaking in blasphemous terms about the Freedom Charter.

At Bloemfontein they challenged its adoption. So we

decided to call a special conference for its adoption or

rejection. The opponents of the F.C. the Liballo Group

were called upon to show cause why they were against the

P.£. but they faild. Instead of raising their arguments

against it they started commotion inside the Hall. Dr.

Tsele of Pretoria even went to the extent of introducing

an amendment but he was outvoted and the people said that

they wanted the P.O. to be adopted as it stood. The F.C.

w°.s adopted therefore with an overwhelming majority.

Their chief argument was that the P.C. was a means of

ousting the Programme of action of 1949. but they failed

to convince the house as to this extent. On Sunday

morning again this Africanist clique was given an oppor­

tunity to express themselves and again they had nothing in

particular. Especially, the province of Natal expressed

its bitter and vahement opposition against the extension

of passes to African women The even said that in their

province blood could rather be shed instead of women car­

rying passes. The Cape delegates again said the same

thing against the passes for women. Conference therefore

resolved that we in the Transvaal should stand up on our

feet and organise the people against the passes for women.

The women of Windburg were also there and they regretted

that they h a d been deceived by govt, propagandists to be

issued with Passes. We told them to collct all those

passes and put them in the bag send them back to the native

Commissioner. The resolution that all the people of

South Africa should fight against the passes for women was

question by Joseph Molefe of Evaton and there was commotion

again until Mrs. Ngoyi took over the chairmanship and

restored order with theiaid iofT her-military volunteers. >

We are determined mow that we are not going to have Swarts

dogs in our Nstional organisation. The Conference was

quite orderly and resolutions were adopted peacefully with­

out any commotion. Our work of organising the nation of

Africa should be carried at all costs and we should word

day and night henceforth. Everyone should do their work

diligently.

MRS. LETABE S. NTSELE: Z

My children I have nothing today I am

rather sick But one thing I am telling you now now that

you must be determined that you are not going to carry pas­

ses these Europeans are speaking of apartheid but they do

not practice it. When we speak of Freedom we are said

to be swearing against the state. You must not fight

with violence but fight with the Freedom Charter in hand

like what the Dutch people said when they took over this

country with Voortrekker wagons. Strijdom is taking our

schools away because he has filled his tummy with bread,

and butter.milk and boiled pudding. Our children have

died in the wars 1 & 2 saying that they are fighting for

freedom but their freedom today is handcuffs. Our chil­

dren today are strangled with passes and permits and to­

day they are giving us passes.

iftr9

iTIOEAL C O g G M P S : SPHBAY, STB APRIL, 1956 t or HORS 13- AND VICTORIA STRTOfS, SOFHUTOWlt, JOHANNESBURG,

JUffl CHABAKP i Afrioa 1 Everybody In Africa la entitled to say so.

I b m surprised to i m the Police here.} They are human W i n g s like our-

selves. You only have to go to ohnrcfc to hear tlMt «ay so. You are

oJklldreh et cue God. The Ministers say so. Hew, if he loves you,

the white *an loves yla, why does he giroa you reference books t *

Yon stay in shanties whilst he sits in a nioe palace in Parktown - £Is that love ? If he loves you why does he not pay you the saae ' ^ amount of money as he pays the white «an, you do the same amount

of work - 1b that love ? If he reallylloves you, your master really

lores you, why is it that you are arrested, and not your master

when your pass is not in order, is that love ?

Today, I am a Methodist - but I cannot go to that churoh in

town - African Ministers are not allowed„to preach to white congre­

gations, why this separation ? ^are they not the same church ? Are

they not all Ministers ? Today you find that this Christian religion

is preached in houses - Jesus Christ preached in the open veld

as we do today. Why do they preach in houses ? We in the African

Rational Congress preach racial co-operation, not racial discrimination

Today this Government is taking steps to close a memorable school,

Christ the King school, and one of the reasons given in the Bantu

World for tliis closing is that all the teachers of that school were

die-hard Congressites. May I know if Congress is an illegal

organisation- ? Do they have any proof that those teachers ever

implanted political knowledge into the children ? Is it a crime to

praise God and let the children praise God ? and teach them the

christain way in the right manner ? So it is high time my comrades

that you shofcld use your brains.

Today you find that the Government is building Beer Halls.

They build beer halls with the meagre salaries of the Africans, whose

•children are dying of hunger - and as soon as you get drunk you are

arrested by the same individuals you support with your money. Down

at that beer hall, men are shambocked by other men. It is very

funny to me - if my toother makes that beer she is arrested and they say

it is bad beer, but the white man brew the same type of beer, and he

is not arrested. ' Of course they allow the City Council to brew beer-

why don't they allow the Africans to brew that same type of beer ?

Son't you see, than that money would come to us, and furthermore,

why don't they allow us to have our own bottl* stores.

T¥# yekrs ago these new reference books were issued, and the

/

w m r m mnaf* Jk,v s m S m ,, ... - .. W B M P ... . ^• v ? - \. • v , * ' ■ j *' •

i*X am going to take that book out*. They said that they should work

and that they did not want thair ohildran to dia of hunger, and sur­

prising mind you, thay wanted to hbide by the law, and what happens

Thay are still arrested, so what is ths difference ? You find men

being arrested and send to the dirty farmers who use them like oxen

to till the land.

Just a few months ago Mr. {Blackie Swarte announced to the

farmers that six hundred men per dajr are available to them. Just

imagine that - six hundred men per day. It means that family ties

are broken up - that six hundred families are lost every day -

and what are you doing about that situation ? What are you doing

men, now that you are being sold ? You will have to answer to your

children who are dying of hunger because of this pernicious

legislation. It is high time/and women that you rally around

congress to defend your rights in your own mother country.

We want everybody, irrespective of his race, colkur or creed,

to enjoy equal rights in this country, so that this country can attain

its rightful place in the world.-. South Africa lost hopelessly against

the Americans when they came Here to play baseball. Why ? Is it

because they forget the black boys ? Amongst the Africans you get

the hest material. They lost just because of this racial selection.

They forgot us and they lost.

And, don't be afraid of policemen. You'll find that accor­

ding &0 the Bible Christ elected twelve friends to accompany him, and

yet Peter said 'I don't know him*, and so your comrades will deny you,

but you should go on, you must not face backward, face forwari.Don't trust in man, trust only in God. Why are you af*aid(the) to

speakthe truth if you are a follower of Jesus Christ ? Christ himself

spoke the truth. Your actions should shew that you are a Christian.

You will find that in church they say that God will come from heaven

to help yoti, yet Moses came from the^ earth to the Israelites help, so

we of -the African National Congress will lead you Africans to your Ca­

naan. * When Jesus Christ came to heaven, the angels asked ’Who is this

man?S. He went on crutches, but he was a man amongst men, a fighter

amongst fighters. He was crucified, and you - do the same '. You

will be the chosen amongst the chosen.

We only fight for equality - we don't want the white man

to think that he is separate, or gice versa. We are all children

of one God. 3o arise my African people I I see the African people

rally around Congress. J pin in thousands the Liberation Movement 1

I see the African people going forward step by ete^ crushing ever%

enemy - to unity and friendship. .....^

•I

3

I appeal to the youth, go forward 1 The fight la always

•iron by tho youth - the old people always remain at home. Let us unite,

* forget about racial d i s c r i m i n a t i o n Th* African people are now being

diTided e t A o a U y . - IhaC #ill that bring ? It will bring about faction

figfeta. People are ready to help yen from all over the world, and yet

you %re doing yourselves absolutely nothing. Arise, my African people I

Go* fMfyrard. Forget about the past and think of the future.

' I know many of you are afraid and say *1 will be arrested*, but you

went to war with Smuts. You got bicycles from him, not houses as pro­

mised. Africa! Africa t Please answer. You are in Africa ! We shall

be free even if the white man likes it or not i "

• ♦ * • PHILEMON MATOLE i^J’The People shall govern, says the Freedom Charter.*

^be people shall share in the wealth of the country. That is what

this government does not.want. I want to get down to Bantu Education.

What is meant by Bant* Education ? Dr. Eiselen cam e from the Northern

Transvaal and he wore a stertriem. In the church-school of Dr. Eiselen

’ s (father) the children never went beyond Std. 4. In 1949 the

Government appointed a committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Eiselen.

Dr. Eiselen and his commitee decided to tell the Africans what was

good for them - with the co-operation of the Dutch Reformed Church.

The blaok man - you must only teach him this ; he must only know that

his pass is in order ; he must know the way to the pass

he sees a policeman, he must say »Ja Baas*.

That is why these masters of us are so worried - they can't I

sleep, they are afraid of us. You know, those policeman sitting there

if this meeting continues the whole day they have to sit there and

listen to us because they are afraid - and they decided that the

education for Africans must fall under the Native Affairs Department.

Mind you, thie did not start in 1948, it strated three hunderd years

ago when the white men came herw with Jan van Riebeeck. The Afrikaners

havenever thought of educating the Africane, they used to say ‘Hulle

is bobbejane*. But today it is the oppsite, they are the bobbejaan,

and that is why they are following us day and night. We must tell them

that greater kingdoms than theirs have come and gone. They do this

because of fear, they fear us. Because they fear us they have decided j

to do the most mean thing in the world to us. They are going to attek

the Innocent children. Shame ! Yoji know how they go for the children ?

They want to treat their minds. The mind of a child - shame, as one

spaker said. You know if you kill the mind of a person you are a

• worse anrderer than a person who takes a gun and kills you on the spot. !

And they preaoh of Christianity ! They kill you, what a crime S Six

hundred children were in Christ the King school and the parents were

paying 10/- towards the education of their ohildren there.

. . . . . / A.

office

* •\ ' v ; jfe A j«r. ■■-V- ® P H 3 § t r* . m ^ . ^ s'-'V *’st-- v ; '- . fP t-- ''-^ :\ - - ' - V . . ' r

They were paying with a smile. Than Dr. T i w o * r 4 amid that we apa ot

g robbod. Who ara you, Dr. Taraoerd to tall us what wa m a t do t

Culture belongs to Africa and the East, not the Vaat. I

jrill give you instance* and othar spoaksrs will toll you more. Tom

Afrlkmere whan you road tha papers, you aay #God, we want Afrikaner

culture'. When you wake up, you ara imitating other people. When

you get up in the morning you go to the bathroom all tiled up - thoaa

tiles were dioooTorod in China - not by the Afrikaners ; after* that

you gat hold of a towel, a turkiah towel - first used by the Turks.

You shave yourselves - shaving waa first discovered in India* my

frienda. When you get to the kitohen, my friends, you say 'Annie,

give me coffee*. Coffee comes from Africa, yes right in Africa, my

friends - Abyssinia. Where is weitern culture, my friends ? You read

tha papers, the first papers were read in China 1 I can ohallengo

anyone of you with your western culture - culture is oure.•

The African national Congress is making a countty-wlde oall-

our children must be prepared to refuse to go to Verwoord's schools.

Yerwoerd wants to teach them Western Culture - just a aham. Western

Culture use to kill people in the night. We don't want Western

oulture for pur dUldren. We appeal to you to protest strohgly. J»e_

don't want Verwoerd's Bantu gduoatlon. We want his. schools to be clos­

ed. They must not waata our money on policemen to come and watch ue because they are afraid of us. I Just saw a policeman with a big

stomaoh chasing a small boy just for a pass. I don't want you to

laugh, Africans, it is a serious matter - the government must go.

We are moving towards freedom, nothing can stop__ua_.— The wheel

of the people shall"crush our opponents. The National Congress

(African) wants you - you the people must come forward. You the people

can make that achools of Venroerd to close if you want to - because

in any democratic country the people must govern, they must govern I

You must educate your children even if you suffer, you must educate

your children politically". (This person spoke intermittently in

English and in a native language - this is only a record of the

English passages.)

KEHBY SHABALALA : "Mr. Chairman, I thank you. I am not going to

* incite the African race. Today I am(not)going to expose tfie -naked­

ness inherent in the Bantu Education Act. I ara thankinh you, Mr.

Chairman, not because I am going to expose the evils done by the

nationalist Party. Friends, this Rationalist P a r y , this supposed

government is a government of evils. £ thank you Ijecause I am going

to oxpose those evils#

The government......./5

*

The government In each and every oountry is based on the will

of the people in that country, but ever eince 1910 oppressive legisla­

tion upon oppressive legislation have been passed by the governments of

this country - all the governments of this country - United Party,

nationalist Party, they are all the same. They all want to stop the

Afrioan people from having a say in the ruling of the country.

Even since 1910, Mr. Chairman and Prlends, the Europeans

people of this country have stood together to eqeeze the life-blood out

of the Africans in this country. Ever s&noe 1910 the white people

in this oountry have Bade it their business to educate their children -

In the streets* in their homes, everywhere, that they are the bosses.

Tea, Mr. Chairman, ever since all those years, ever since the white man

gave himself political power, the white man has been prepared to commit

evils - and it is the duty of the African youth in this country to come

together ant fight against the Nationalist Government. It is the duty

of the African youth in this counrty to know one thing - to know when

they are fighting, that th* Europeans are prepared to make us slaves,

slaves in the land of our fathers.1

Yes, Mr. Chairman, we, the youth of this country must educate

the people, must tell the people, must teach the people, must inform

them in Congress meetings, in their homes, that we want equality and tha

we want Parliamentary representation. And it is only in the ranks

of the African National Congress that ^ou can fight to achieve those

aims. They (the police) have always brought weapons to our meetings,

but they have never shot a fly yet - 'ihey have never succeeded in

shooting a fly here in Sophiatown. The African National Congress is the

only organisation that stands for freedom here in South Africa. There

is no doubt about that, and no\ African must run away from that

organisation, even if ha is not a sympathiser, he cannot stand aloof -

he is an enemy of the white man because of his colour.

The Nationalists have decided that the African people, thoir

Native Affairs Department has to eee to it, that you people must be

stopped from going forwards, the African people must be stopped from

knowing that they deserve freedom. Yes, fellow Africans, thie

Rationalist Government has one Mm. In particular - to take away the

youth from the African National Congress - so to break the African

National Congress. They want the Afrioan youth to break into the

Chinese shops, to kill us afterwards. Th*y want the African youth to

be arrested for all kinds of orimea, but the African National Congress

•ay that must come to and end.

Whether it is Jan Si*uts or Johannes Strijdom, the European*

in Parliament have-no right to,legislate for the Africans, we are

we are not represented In Parliament. They have got no right to make

lawe for us. Whether thoee law® are for our benefit or not, the

Government has no right to sake laws for us, because if they wanted that

right| the government should bebased on thw ill of all the people.

And fellow-Africans, when we speak of freedom, we don’t want the

nationalist Party to give us our freedom, to give us social freedom,

to assooiate with whitee, etc., t h a t * # not freedom* when.wa say we

want freedom, we don't mean that~we~should be given sten guns, every day

to frighten people who want to unite themsleves - that is not freedom.

When we say we want to be given freedom - we want freedom,

we don't mean that we want to be given particular spots to be able to

run our businesses, when we say we want freedom, we know that we

outnumber them ten to one in this country - no, we say let the Africans,

Coloureds, Indians and Europeans speak together and rule together. We,

the African youth in this country want to know why is it that the

natives from the reserves die in the mines ? Why must we be seperated

from the Europeans because of our colour ? Is colour the most

important thing - does seperating us mean that there will never

be a war in this country. We want to know that everything belongs to

us - what happens to the money we pay to the government ?

We want to be represented in all the bodies that makes laws.

Today we want to know why the government does not tell us what is

does with the money it takes from the people arrested for drunkeness.

But we know, they pay the flying squads with it, in order to run about

in the locations and put fear in the people. That is what the youth

s0f this country defy. If this government is convinced that we are

inferior, why must it make laws to keep ud down ? ........we challenge

this government to come out with an answer to these questions. We want

'to know, fellow Africans, that is why we are assembled here - to demand

our freedom in our lifetime.

Mr. Chairman and Priends, we African people, we have become

homeless, and yet we say, there must be no war, there must be peace and

friendship. Everybody must know what is happening in the country,

a person must not be judged on the colour of his skin - but because. he

is deserving. If the people think we deserve oppression, let them

fockoff from Parliament, we will manage our political affairs. Let them

leave the Houses of Parliament. Let them leave our country. We did

not invite them here. Let them leave our motherland.

We African people are educated today. Our level of education

is far abovcTthe level of education of the Europeans. We will make

better laws than Johannes Strijdom. We have got better Christiansthan what they have. .../7

We htve better lawyers than Swart. The lawyers amongst us know

that justloe is blind - knows no colour - you must not be judged becaua

of your colour, but by ths facts you put before court. We African

people do not want to see thousands and thousands of our youth ->

in long queues be sentenced in court without a word. W« don' want

the* to go and serve the dirty farmers on the platteland. We don*t

want the Afrioan women to do the waekiag for the dirty uncultured

Afrikaner women. We want to know why the matriculated African youths

cannto get jobs although they are educated ? Why should they go and

work on the farms^?

We want to know why the Africans are deported - they say they

are fordgners - whilst the Europeans are the foreigners, they are

the intruders in this country. We African youth challenge the

Minister of Justice, we say even if he si^ts in Parliament, and he

is protected by all the guns of Erasmus and himself, and he tkinks he

is safe, we sayi he is exposed, he is naked. We have done it at this

meeting. We sa y , we Africans are educated today, we will look after

ourselves, we want to govern ourselves.__ They can never act against

jxs, we are in the majority, we outnumber them far.✓

In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, I want to remind the African youththat this land belongs to u s , the women, the vat tie,_the farms,

everything ; it belongs to us, they were left to us by our ancestors.

If they want to live with U3, it must be the Congress way, there ifc

no other way. If they don't want it that way, let them leave this

Country to the son3 of Cam, to us \ L

; - ;

Collection Number: AD1812

RECORDS RELATING TO THE 'TREASON TRIAL' (REGINA vs F. ADAMS AND OTHERS ON CHARGE OF HIGH TREASON, ETC.), 1956 1961 TREASON TRIAL, 1956 1961

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