Skin test & Animal Inoculation

Skin Test

• All patients with FUO are tested for TB with Mantoux test (Tuberculin test)

• Other FUO causing diseases like Histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, sarcoidosis can also be tested.

Mantoux Test

• 0.1 ml of PPD containing 5TU is taken.• Injected intradermally on flexor aspect of

forearm• Examined after 48-72 hours, Induration

measured at its widest point• Result: ≥10mm positive, 6-9mm equivocal, ≤5

mm negative

ANIMAL INOCULATION

• Done mainly for isolating viruses• Not all viruses have an animal model

ANIMAL INOCULATION CONTD.

• ANIMAL INOCULATION– Animals used:

Monkey, mice, hamster, dog, chick embryo, guinea pig, rabbits, ferrets

– Routes of inoculation: Intra cerebral Subcutaneous Intra peritoneal Intra nasal Intra venous

– Disadvantages Immunity may interfere with viral growthAnimal may harbour latent viruses

ANIMAL INOCULATION CONTD..

S. No Virus Animal Model Inoculation Look For

1. Colorado tick fever Suckling Mice Intracerebral Fatal Encephalitis

2. Coxsackievirus Suckling Mice Intraperitoneal, Subcutaneous, Intracerebral

Histopathology in Infected Mice

3. Hepatitis A Chimpanzee & marmosets

Intravenous Hepatitis

4. Hepatitis E Chimpanzee & macaque

Intravenous Hepatitis

5. LCMV Adult Mice Intracerebral Flourescent antibody staining of brain

6. Poliovirus Monkeys Intracerebral & Intraspinal

Paralytic Poleomylitis