skills and innovation strategies to strengthen advanced manufacturing
TRANSCRIPT
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GLOBAL CITIES INITIATIVEA J O I N T P R OJ ECT O F B R O O K I N GS A N D J P M O R GA N C H AS E
Munich, Germany / November 18, 2014@bruce_katz! #globalcities
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Payroll Count Jobs Gap Growth-Based Jobs Gap
-10,000,000
-5,000,000
0
5,000,000
2007 2009 2014
Source: The Hamilton Project analysis of Congressional Budget Office and Current Employment Statistics data.
Post-Recession U.S. Jobs Gap !Since start of recession
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Payroll Count Jobs Gap Growth-Based Jobs Gap
-10,000,000
-5,000,000
0
5,000,000
2007 2009 2014
Source: The Hamilton Project analysis of Congressional Budget Office and Current Employment Statistics data.
5.2 million!missing jobs
Post-Recession U.S. Jobs Gap !Since start of recession
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1 2 3
The U.S. Manufacturing Moment1
2 3
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Blurring distinction between
manufacturing and services
Relentless pace of technological
change
Shale gas and domestic energy
revolution
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R&D-intensive industries that concentrate the nation’s science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce
Advanced Industries
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Pharmaceuticals
Medical EquipmentMotor Vehicles & Parts
Aerospace
Manufacturing35
Advanced Industries
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Pharmaceuticals
Medical EquipmentMotor Vehicles & Parts
Aerospace
Manufacturing35
Oil & Gas !Extraction
Electricity !Generation
Energy3
Advanced Industries
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Pharmaceuticals
Medical EquipmentMotor Vehicles & Parts
Aerospace
Manufacturing35
Software Computer Systems Design
Telecommunications R&D Consulting Services
Services12
Oil & Gas !Extraction
Electricity !Generation
Energy3
Advanced Industries
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advanced industry jobs require less than a 4-year degree
1 out of 2
Wages
average advanced industry wage
$90,000average wage
$47,000>
Skills
Source: Brookings Analysis of Moody’s Analytics and BLS OES Data
Advanced Industries
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PatentsGDP
Advanced Industries!Share of U.S. Totals
Share of GDP Growth
’09 – ’13
Share Job Growth
’09 – ’13
R&DJobs Exports
*Advanced Industries spend over $450 on R&D per job annually and over 20 percent of jobs are in STEM occupations. Source: Brookings Institution forthcoming.
Advanced Industries
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Drive Productivity in Other Industries
Stimulate Local Economies
Support Long!Supply Chains
Develop Technology that Transforms Lives
Advanced Industries
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Innovation Skills Ecosystems
Advanced Industries
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Japan
3.5% 4.4%
France United States
United Kingdom
3.1%
European Union
5.0%3.8%
Germany South Korea
China
5.5%
10.9%
20.7%Growth of Domestic R&D Expenditures!
Average Annual Growth, 2001-2011
Source: National Science Foundation, SEI 2014
Innovation
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Innovation
Triadic patents per million workers 2010-2012 average
400
300
200
100
0
Switz
erlan
d
Swed
en
Japa
n
Finlan
d
Ger
man
y
Nethe
rland
s
United
Sta
tes
Denm
ark
Israe
l
Korea
Fran
ce
Belgium
Austri
a
United
King
dom
Luxe
mbo
urg
Irelan
d
Norway
Canad
a
Singap
ore
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Advanced Industries
Innovation Skills Ecosystems
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Percentage of graduates majoring in STEM fields
1
…
31
32
33
34
35
26.7%
…
21.9%
21.8%
19.3%
19.2%
18.7%
Germany…
AustraliaPoland
United StatesChileJapan
RANK VALUE
Source: OECD Global Skills Survey
Skills
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Source: US Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey
Hispanics
19%
African Americans
Non-Hispanic Whites
Asians
25%39%
56%
Educational Attainment!Associate’s Degree or Higher
United States
36%
Skills
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Source: US Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey
Hispanics
19%
African Americans
25%
Educational Attainment!Associate’s Degree or Higher
Skills
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Advanced Industries
Innovation Skills Ecosystems
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1980 2013
Major metropolitan areas with at least 10 percent of total employment in advanced industries
Ecosystems
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Ecosystems
Decrease in large, integrated R&D
operationsOutsourcing of manufacturing
Diminishing job tenure and
internal training
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1 2 31
2
3
Lessons from Germany
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Manufacturing and the Export Economy!United States versus Germany
100
50
0Share of GDP
in mfg
Share of mfg GDP in high-tech
Exports as share of
GDP
Mfg share of mech. exports
2212
58
4254
7
82
62+$425 b
-$668 b
German trade balance in manufacturing
U.S. trade balance in manufacturing
Germany
United States
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Advanced Industries
Innovation Skills Ecosystems
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Innovation!Platform
Workforce & Skills Pipeline
Regional !Ecosystems
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Public Funding Private Funding
Basi
c Re
sear
chAp
plie
d Re
sear
ch Innovation!Platform
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Lander!Institutions
Universities Helmholtz!Association
Federal!Institutions
Max Planck!Society
Academies
Research Infrastructures
Leibniz!Association
Fraunhofer-!Gesellschaft
Networks and !Clusters
Companies/Industrial Research
Public Funding Private Funding
Basi
c Re
sear
chAp
plie
d Re
sear
ch Innovation!Platform
Industrial Research !Associations (AIF)
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Lander!Institutions
Universities Helmholtz!Association
Federal!Institutions
Max Planck!Society
Academies
Research Infrastructures
Leibniz!Association
Fraunhofer-!Gesellschaft
Networks and !Clusters
Companies/Industrial Research
Public Funding Private Funding
Basi
c Re
sear
chAp
plie
d Re
sear
ch Innovation!Platform
Industrial Research !Associations (AIF)
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Lander!Institutions
Universities Helmholtz!Association
Federal!Institutions
Max Planck!Society
Academies
Research Infrastructures
Leibniz!Association
Fraunhofer-!Gesellschaft
Networks and !Clusters
Companies/Industrial Research
Public Funding Private Funding
Basi
c Re
sear
chAp
plie
d Re
sear
ch Innovation!Platform
Industrial Research !Associations (AIF)
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Lander!Institutions
Universities Helmholtz!Association
Federal!Institutions
Max Planck!Society
Academies
Research Infrastructures
Leibniz!Association
Fraunhofer-!Gesellschaft
Networks and !Clusters
Companies/Industrial Research
Public Funding Private Funding
Basi
c Re
sear
chAp
plie
d Re
sear
ch Innovation!Platform
Industrial Research !Associations (AIF)
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Lander!Institutions
Universities Helmholtz!Association
Federal!Institutions
Max Planck!Society
Academies
Research Infrastructures
Leibniz!Association
Fraunhofer-!Gesellschaft
Networks and !Clusters
Companies/Industrial Research
Public Funding Private Funding
Basi
c Re
sear
chAp
plie
d Re
sear
ch Innovation!Platform
Industrial Research !Associations (AIF)
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centers6723,0006-8,000
employees
projects per year
!
$2 billion annual research
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SMEs
centers6723,0006-8,000
employees
projects per year
!
$2 billion annual research
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Lander!Institutions
Universities Helmholtz!Association
Federal!Institutions
Max Planck!Society
Academies
Research Infrastructures
Leibniz!Association
Fraunhofer-!Gesellschaft
Networks and !Clusters
Industrial Research !Associations (AIF)
Companies/Industrial Research
Public Funding Private Funding
Basi
c Re
sear
chAp
plie
d Re
sear
ch Innovation!Platform
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Workforce & Skills Pipeline
Innovation!Platform
Regional !Ecosystems
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Wor
kfor
ce &
Ski
lls
Pipe
line
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Completion of Lower Secondary School
Wor
kfor
ce &
Ski
lls
Pipe
line
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15% Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen!Full-time technical education and training.
Wor
kfor
ce &
Ski
lls
Pipe
line
Com
plet
ion
of L
ower
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
l
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15% Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen!Full-time technical education and training.
30% Gymnasium!Continued classroom studies and the!pathway to university.
Wor
kfor
ce &
Ski
lls
Pipe
line
Com
plet
ion
of L
ower
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
l
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Dual Berfusauddildung!The dual system of training in which students train 3-4 days per week, complemented by teaching in vocational school 1-2 days per week !
45%
15% Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen!Full-time technical education and training.
30% Gymnasium!Continued classroom studies and the!pathway to university.
Wor
kfor
ce &
Ski
lls
Pipe
line
Com
plet
ion
of L
ower
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
l
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Dual Berfusauddildung!The dual system of training in which students train 3-4 days per week, complemented by teaching in vocational school 1-2 days per week !
45%
15%
30%
Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen!Full-time technical education and training.
Gymnasium!Continued classroom studies and the!pathway to university.
Wor
kfor
ce &
Ski
lls
Pipe
line
Com
plet
ion
of L
ower
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
l
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Dual Berfusauddildung!The dual system of training in which students train 3-4 days per week, complemented by teaching in vocational school 1-2 days per week !
45%
15%
30%
Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen!Full-time technical education and training.
Gymnasium!Continued classroom studies and the!pathway to university.
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Dual Berfusauddildung!The dual system of training in which students train 3-4 days per week, complemented by teaching in vocational school 1-2 days per week !
45%
15%
30%
Fachoberschulen & Berufsfachschulen!Full-time technical education and training.
Gymnasium!Continued classroom studies and the!pathway to university.
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Innovation!Platform
Workforce & Skills Pipeline
Regional !Ecosystems
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Munich
Aschheim
Neufarn
Ismaning
Am Hart
Oberschleissheim Regional !Ecosystems
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Regional !Ecosystems
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Regional !Ecosystems
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Regional !Ecosystems
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Regional !Ecosystems
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1 2 31 2
3 Delivering the German !Model in the United States
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Advanced Industries
Innovation Skills Ecosystems
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Innovation Skills Ecosystems
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Innovation Skills Ecosystems
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Innovation Skills Ecosystems
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GLOBAL CITIES INITIATIVEA J O I N T P R OJ ECT O F B R O O K I N GS A N D J P M O R GA N C H AS E
Munich, Germany / November 18, 2014@bruce_katz! #globalcities
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Metropolitan Policy Programat BROOKINGS