skeleton system. classification of bone based on location based on location axial and appendicular...

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Skeleton System Skeleton System

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Page 1: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

Skeleton SystemSkeleton System

Page 2: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape
Page 3: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

Classification of boneClassification of bone

Based on LocationBased on Location Axial and AppendicularAxial and Appendicular

Based on ShapeBased on Shape Long, short, flat, Sesamoid, irregularLong, short, flat, Sesamoid, irregular

Based on OssificationBased on Ossification Endochondral and IntramembranousEndochondral and Intramembranous

Page 4: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

Based on locationBased on location

AxialAxial Formed from ~80 named bones Formed from ~80 named bones Consists of skull, vertebral column, Consists of skull, vertebral column,

and bony thoraxand bony thoraxAppendicularAppendicular

Remaining ~126 bones Remaining ~126 bones of of

Thoracic girdleThoracic girdle Pelvic girdlePelvic girdle Attached limbsAttached limbs

Page 5: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

5 classes based on shape

A. Long

B. Short

C. Flat bones-

D. Irregular bone

E- Sesamoids bone

Page 6: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

Classification of BonesClassification of Bones

Long bones – Long bones – Longer than wide Longer than wide

a shaft plus two endsa shaft plus two ends primarily compact bone primarily compact bone

Short bones – Short bones – roughly cube-shaped roughly cube-shaped - mostly spongy bone - mostly spongy bone

Page 7: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape
Page 8: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

Classification of BonesClassification of Bones

Flat bonesFlat bones

• thin and flattened, usually curved thin and flattened, usually curved

• contain two roughly parallel compact bone contain two roughly parallel compact bone surfaces with a layer of spongy bone between surfaces with a layer of spongy bone between themthem

• Irregular bones Irregular bones

• various shapes, do not fit into other categories various shapes, do not fit into other categories – complicated shapes – complicated shapes

• consist mainly of spongy bone enclosed by thin consist mainly of spongy bone enclosed by thin layers of compact bone layers of compact bone

Sesamoid bone-usually small, round, flat, associated with tendons,

patella, proximal/distal sesamoid bones

Page 9: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape
Page 10: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape
Page 11: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

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Anatomy of a long bone- 1. diaphysis (dy-AF-I-sis)-

2. epiphysis (e-PIF-I-sis)-

3. Epiphyseal cartilage (physis, growth plate)-plate of cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis of immature long bones, where lengthening of long bones occurs

4. metaphysis (me-TAF-I-sis)-The joining point of the diaphysis and epiphysis in growing bone; the part of the epiphyseal cartilage being replace by bone.

Page 12: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

5. nutrient foramen-

6. periosteum- connective tissue surrounding the bone that is not covered by articular cartilage; necessary for bone growth, repair, and attachment of ligaments/tendons.

7. articular surface- smooth layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis, involved in joint formation. 8. medullary cavity- 9. endosteum-

10. compact bone- gross term for the part of the bone that looks solid

11. spongy bone - gross term for the part of the bone with visible spaces

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Page 13: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape
Page 14: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

Based on Ossification-

Two types of Ossification:

1. Intramembranous Ossification-

2. Endochondral Ossification-

I.B.1.

I.B.2.I.B.3

I.B.3.b

I.B.3(cont.)

Page 15: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

Axial Axial vs. Appendicularvs. Appendicular

SkullSkull Vertebral Vertebral

columncolumn Thoracic cageThoracic cage

Remaining bones Remaining bones of of

Thoracic girdleThoracic girdle Pelvic girdlePelvic girdle Attached limbsAttached limbs

Page 16: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

Appendicular skeletonAppendicular skeleton

Consists of:Consists of: Thoracic girdlesThoracic girdles

ClavicleClavicle ScapulaScapula Attached limbsAttached limbs

Pelvic girdlesPelvic girdles Pelvic bonesPelvic bones Attached limbsAttached limbs

Page 17: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape
Page 18: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

The shoulder girdle and The shoulder girdle and upper limbupper limb

ClavicleClavicle ScapulaScapula Each upper extremity:Each upper extremity:

HumerusHumerus RadiusRadius UlnaUlna Carpal bonesCarpal bones MetacarpalMetacarpal PhalangesPhalanges

Page 19: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape
Page 20: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

ScapulaScapula

Is a flat triangular-shaped boneIs a flat triangular-shaped bone

HaveHave 3 borders3 borders

Cranial, caudal, DorsalCranial, caudal, Dorsal 3 angles3 angles

Cranial, caudal, VentralCranial, caudal, Ventral 3 fossae3 fossae

Supraspinous, infraspinous, subscapularSupraspinous, infraspinous, subscapular

Page 21: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape
Page 22: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

The humerusThe humerus

Long boneLong bone It is consist of It is consist of

Proximal end (head)Proximal end (head) NeckNeck ShaftShaft Distal endDistal end

Page 23: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape
Page 24: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

The ulna and RadiusThe ulna and Radius

The two bones of the forearmThe two bones of the forearm The proximal Ext. of ulna is medial to the The proximal Ext. of ulna is medial to the

radiusradius The distal Ext. of ulna is lateral to the The distal Ext. of ulna is lateral to the

radiusradius UlnaUlna

Proximal end, shaft, distal end (head)Proximal end, shaft, distal end (head) Proximal endProximal end

Olecranon processOlecranon process Trochlear notchTrochlear notch

Page 25: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape
Page 26: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

The Carpal bones (bones of The Carpal bones (bones of the wrist)the wrist)

The carpal bones (are Seven in The carpal bones (are Seven in number).number).

Proximal rowProximal row Ulnar, accessory, Intermedioradial CarpalUlnar, accessory, Intermedioradial Carpal

Distal rowDistal row 11thth , 2 , 2ndnd , 3 , 3rdrd , 4 , 4thth Carpal Carpal

Page 27: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

The metacarpalThe metacarpal

Five in the numberFive in the number

Page 28: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape
Page 29: Skeleton System. Classification of bone Based on Location Based on Location Axial and Appendicular Axial and Appendicular Based on Shape Based on Shape

The PhalangesThe Phalanges

There are 14 phalangesThere are 14 phalanges

Each finger have 3 phalangesEach finger have 3 phalanges

Thumb (have two)Thumb (have two)