skeletal system includes both:
DESCRIPTION
Skeletal system includes both:. Axial skeleton Skull Auditory ossicles and hyoid bone Vertebral column Thoracic cage Appendicular skeleton Pectoral and pelvic girdles Upper and lower limbs. Figure 7.1b The Axial Skeleton. Figure 7.1b. The skull. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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• Axial skeleton
• Skull
• Auditory ossicles and hyoid bone
• Vertebral column
• Thoracic cage
• Appendicular skeleton
• Pectoral and pelvic girdles
• Upper and lower limbs
Skeletal system includes both:
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Figure 7.1b The Axial Skeleton
Figure 7.1b
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• Consists of the cranium and the bones of the face
• The cranium encloses cranial cavity
• Facial bones surround and protect the entrances to the respiratory and digestive tracts
• Superficial landmarks include the sutures
• Lambdoid
• Coronal
• Sagittal
• Squamous
The skull
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Figure 7.2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull
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Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3a, b
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Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3c
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Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3d
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Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3e
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• one occipital bone
• foramen magnum
• two parietal bones
• one frontal bone
• frontal sinuses
Focus: The Individual Bones of the Skull Cranial Bones
• two temporal bones
• auditory ossicles
• one sphenoid
• one ethmoid
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Figure 7.4 The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull
Figure 7.4a
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Figure 7.4 The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull
Figure 7.4b
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Figure 7.5 The Occipital and Parietal Bones
Figure 7.5
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Figure 7.6 The Frontal Bone
Figure 7.6
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Figure 7.7 The Temporal Bones
Figure 7.7
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Figure 7.8 The Sphenoid
Figure 7.8
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Figure 7.9 The Ethmoid
Figure 7.9
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• Maxillary bones
• Mandible
• Palatine bones
• Nasal bones
• Vomer
Facial bones
• Inferior nasal conchae
• Zygomatic bones
• Lacrimal bones
• Hyoid
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• Largest facial bones
• Form the upper jaw and most of the hard palate
Maxillae
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Figure 7.10 The Maxillary and Palatine Bones
Figure 7.10
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• Palatine bones
• Small “L” shaped bones
• Form the posterior hard palate and floor of the nasal cavity
• Nasal bones
• Superior border of external nares
Palatine and Nasal Bones
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• Vomer
• Inferior portion of the nasal septum
• Zygomatic bone
• Temporal process articulates with zygomatic process of temporal bone
• Lacrimal bones
• Smallest bones of the face
• Sit medially in orbit
Vomer, Zygomatic and Lacrimal bones
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Figure 7.11 The Smaller Bones of the Face
Figure 7.11
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• Mandible
• Bone of the lower jaw
• Hyoid
• Suspended by stylohyoid ligaments
• Supports the larynx
Mandible and Hyoid bones
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Figure 7.12 The Mandible and Hyoid Bones
Figure 7.12a
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Figure 7.12 The Mandible and Hyoid Bones
Figure 7.12b, c
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• Seven bones in the orbital complex
• Nasal complex = bones that enclose the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
The orbital and nasal complexes
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Figure 7.14 The Orbital Complex
Figure 7.14
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• Fontanels permit skulls of infants and children to continue growing
Skulls of infants and children
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• Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
• 7 cervical vertebrae
• 12 thoracic vertebrae
• 5 lumbar vertebrae
• Sacrum and coccyx are fused vertebrae
Vertebral column
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Figure 7.16 The Vertebral Column
Figure 7.16
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• Four spinal curves
• Primary (accommodation) curves = thoracic and sacral
• Secondary (compensation) curves = lumbar and cervical
Spinal curvature
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• Typically has a body and vertebral arch
• Superior and inferior articular processes
• Separated by intervertebral discs
Vertebral anatomy
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Figure 7.18 Vertebral Anatomy
Figure 7.18
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• Cervical
• Has distinctive shape
• Large relative size of vertebral foramen
• Costal processes with transverse foramina
• Notched spinous processes
Vertebral regions
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Figure 7.19 The Cervical Vertebrae
Figure 7.19
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• Heart-shaped body
• Long slender spinous processes
• Articulations for ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
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Figure 7.20 The Thoracic Vertebrae
Figure 7.20a
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Figure 7.20 The Thoracic Vertebrae
Figure 7.20b, c
Animation: Axial DissectionsPLAY
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• Most massive
• Least mobile
• Subjected to great stresses
Lumbar vertebrae
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Figure 7.21 The Lumbar Vertebrae
Figure 7.21
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• Protects reproductive, digestive and urinary organs
• Articulates with pelvic girdle and fused elements of coccyx
Sacrum
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Figure 7.22 The Sacrum and Coccyx
Figure 7.22
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• Thoracic vertebrae
• Ribs
• Sternum
• Ribs and sternum forms the rib cage
Thoracic cage
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Figure 7.23 The Thoracic Cage
Figure 7.23a
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Figure 7.23 The Thoracic Cage
Figure 7.23b
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• Ribs 1-7 are attached to vertebrae
• 8-12 are vertebrochondral ribs
• 11-12 are floating ribs
The ribs
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• Has a head, neck, tubercle and a body
• Costal groove marks pathway of blood returning to the heart
Typical rib
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• Manubrium
• Body
• Xiphoid process
The Sternum consists of
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Figure 7.23 The Thoracic Cage
Figure 7.23
Animation: Axial DissectionsPLAY