skeletal system. divisions of the skeleton axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright...

Skeletal System

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Skeletal System

Divisions of the Skeleton

• Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones

• Appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones that form the shoulder girdles, arms, wrists, and hands and the hip girdles, legs, ankles and feet.

Axial Skeleton

The Skull

• 28 irregularly shaped bones

• Two major divisions– Cranium (brain case)

• 8 bones• All cranial bones are unpaired except for the

parietal and temporal bones

– Face• 14 bones • All of the face bones are paired except the mandible

and vomer

Page 6: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Hyoid Bone

• Single U-shaped bone in neck

• Just above the voice box

• Only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bones

Page 7: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Vertebral Column

• Longitudinal axis of the skeleton

• 24 vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx

• Forward, backward and sideways movement

Page 8: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Vertebral Column

• 7 Cervical vertebrae (neck)

• 12 Thoracic vertebrae

• 5 Lumbar vertebrae (small of the back)

• Sacrum (5 separate vertebrae that are fused in adults)

• Coccyx (4 or 5 fused vertebrae)

Page 9: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Page 10: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Atlas and Axis

Atlas• First cervical

vertebrae

• Supports the skull

Axis• Second cervical

vertebrae

• Dens joins axis to atlas

•Atlas and axis allow the head to turn from side to side

Page 11: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Sternum

• Consists of three bones– Manubrium – Body – Xiphoid Process

Page 12: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Ribs

• Protect the vital organs of the torso

• Ribs one through seven connect directly to the sternum (true ribs)

• Ribs eight through 10 connect to costal cartilage (false ribs)

• Ribs 11 and 12 only connect to the back (floating ribs)

Page 13: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Ribs and Sternum

Page 14: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Appendicular Skeleton

Page 15: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Shoulder Girdle (Pectoral Girdle)

Page 16: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Bones of the Arm (Anterior View)

Page 17: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Bones of the Arm (Posterior View)

Page 18: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Bones of the Hand

Page 19: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

The Pelvic Girdle

• Supports the trunk and attaches the lower extremities

• In early life each coxal bone is made up of three separate bones which later fuse to form one large bone– Ilium – Ischium– Pubis

Page 20: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Right Coxal Bone

Page 21: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

The Female

Pelvis

Page 22: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

• Male Pelvis is deep and funnel shaped with a narrow subpubic angle

• Female pelvis is shallow, broad, and flaring with a wider subpubic angle

Page 23: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Page 24: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Page 25: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

The Foot

Page 26: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Page 27: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Bone Fractures

• Partial or complete break in the continuity of a bone

• Open fracture (compound fracture) the broken bone projects through the skin

• Closed fracture (simple fracture) does not break the skin

Page 28: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Bone Fractures

Page 29: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Page 30: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Abnormal Spine Curvatures

Page 31: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Curvatures

• a. Lordosis – “sway back”

• b. Kyphosis – “rounded back”

• c. Scoliosis - “ lateral – sideways”

Page 32: Skeletal System. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones Appendicular

Spine Curvature

• Convex through the thoracic region

• Concave through the lumbar region

• scoliosis

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